Process Related Methane Loss from Commercially Operating Biogas-Upgrading Plants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Kvist ◽  
Nabin Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Biogas Upgrading ◽  
Waste Gas ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Agriculture Residue ◽  
Investigation Process ◽  
Biogas Technology ◽  
Water Scrubber

Biogas technology is one of the widely applied anaerobic digestion approaches to harvest methane from different wastes such as wastewater treatment sludge, agriculture residue, and other biomasses. Biogas can be further purified utilizing biogas upgrading technology so it can be applied as biomethane in vehicles and for gas grid injection. Recently, methane loss from biogas plants and its environmental and economic consequences have been underlined, but not thoroughly researched. In this investigation, process related CH4 loss from nine different commercially operating biogas upgrading plants such aswater scrubber, amine, and membrane-based plants was examined. The result of the measurements showed an average of 0.7% methane loss with respect to supplied methane to the upgrading plants. A methane loss up to 1.7% has been detected in water scrubber methane upgrading technology, while 0.037 % methane loss was detected in amine based upgrading, thus the water scrubber has shown the most detrimental effect as regards methane loss. Finally, the regenerative thermal oxidizer was further applied to reduce CH4 emission by 99.5 % of the amount of CH4 in the waste gas from the upgrading unit.

scholarly journals Empirical Validation of a Biogas Plant Simulation Model and Analysis of Biogas Upgrading Potentials

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2424
Author(s):  
Jan Martin Zepter ◽  
Jan Engelhardt ◽  
Tatiana Gabderakhmanova ◽  
Mattia Marinelli
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biogas Upgrading ◽  
Integrated Energy Systems ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Plant Simulation ◽  
Kinetics Of

Biogas plants may support the transformation towards renewable-based and integrated energy systems by providing dispatchable co-generation as well as opportunities for biogas upgrading or power-to-X conversion. In this paper, a simulation model that comprises the main dynamics of the internal processes of a biogas plant is developed. Based on first-order kinetics of the anaerobic digestion process, the biogas production of an input feeding schedule of raw material can be estimated. The output of the plant in terms of electrical and thermal energy is validated against empirical data from a 3-MW biogas plant on the Danish island of Bornholm. The results show that the model provides an accurate representation of the processes within a biogas plant. The paper further provides insights on the functioning of the biogas plant on Bornholm as well as discusses upgrading potentials of biogas to biomethane at the plant from an energy perspective.

scholarly journals Study on Potentiality of Biogas Plants and Their Role for the Conservation of Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Dinesh Ghimire ◽  
Jagannath Shrestha ◽  
Anup K.C
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The People ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Biogas Technology

This study presents the potentiality of biogas plants and their role for the conservation of environment. It is basedon primary data collected from 84 household surveys, 6 key informant interviews and two focus group discussions. It was observed that more than 95% of the people residing in the VDCs were using firewood as a main source ofenergy. The total amount of firewood consumed was 510.570 ton/year which emits 775.052tCO2e/year. Due to the presence of agriculture based livestock holding population, there is a great potential of biogas technology. Thestudy showed that biogas technology could saved 34.40% of firewood which conserves 5.415 ha of forests area. There is a potentiality of 58 biogas plants of size 6 cu.m which will reduce 440.800 tCO2e/year.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/njst.v15i2.12114Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 15, No.2 (2014) 51-56

Rural Energy in Kenya: Is There a Future for Biogas? A Survey

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justas K. Laichena
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Rural Energy ◽  
Animal Dung ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Biogas Technology

Most rural people in Kenya rely principally on human and animal muscle power in their work as subsistence farmers, herdsmen, fisherman, or small-scale crop farmers. All the agricultural processes (ranging from ploughing to harvesting) are done largely by hand, with some help from draft animals and simple tools. Firewood is their principal cooking and heating fuel while kerosene in used for lighting. Their economic growth is hence blocked by the energy crisis. Due to their heavy dependence on biomass – mainly firewood, crop residues, and animal dung – they deprive the soil of essential nutrients and pose a threat to the agricultural lands due to deforestation and the resulting soil erosion. The problem of rural energy, therefore places the provision of food and other basic needs at risk. A technology which extracts a more useful and convenient form of fuel from biomass without destroying its fertilizer value than the traditional conversion method of direct combustion is highly desirable. Anaerobic digestion of agricultural residues generates biogas which can be used directly for lighting, cooking, electricity generation, or to power an IC engine for water pumping or milling. The remaining sludge forms a good fertilizer. This paper reviews the role of biomass in meeting Kenya's energy needs and how biogas can contribute in alleviating the rural energy crisis. Biogas production and utilization technology was introduced in Kenya in 1954 but by 1986 there were less than 200 installed biogas plants and less than 25% of these were operational. A survey of installed biogas plants (across the country) was carried out (using questionnaires and interviews) to identify the factors that have inhibited the adoption of biogas technology in Kenya; and the problems which have caused the failure of many of the installed plants. The paper gives a detailed discussion of the findings. The survey showed that amoung the reasons for nonadoption are: lack of capital and sufficient input materials (animal dung and water); limited dissemination of technical knowledge and experience to operate biogas plants; and the lack of credit and extension facilities. It was also found that problems such as scum build-up and corrosion, and the lack of sufficient knowledge on the operation and maintenance of the digesters especially on feeding and feedstock dilution (leading to low gas production) has resulted to many failures. The paper attempts to answer some of the problems which have resulted to the many failures and hindered widespread acceptance of biogas technology in Kenya. Finally the issue of dissemination is discussed.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Household Heads’ Intentions to Adopt Biogas Technology in Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Martha Osei-Marfo ◽  
Nanne de Vries ◽  
Esi Awuah
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Biogas Technology

Evidence abounds that biogas technology has enormous health and environmental benefits, including improvement of community livelihood and health, sanitation, sustainable energy and reduced emissions. In spite of these benefits, intentions to adopt biogas technology are low among household heads in developing countries, notably Ghana. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of household heads’ intentions to adopt biogas technology, based on the theory of planned behavior. The study adopted an exploratory design and collected data from 394 household heads’ using questionnaires. It was discovered that attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are significant predictors and independently contributed to predicting household heads’ intentions to adopt biogas technology. Additionally, the study found that, the dynamics of ethnicity and education have a significantly direct effect on household heads’ intentions to adopt biogas technology. The study recommends that respected persons in local communities, using different ethnic dialects, lead public education and awareness creation on the benefits of the use of biogas technology. Besides, government should subsidize the cost of biogas plants installation so as to promote its adoption rate.

Budgeting: An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Negotiation

2000 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph G. Fisher ◽  
James R. Frederickson ◽  
Sean A. Peffer
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Budgetary Slack ◽  
Subordinate Performance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Setting Process ◽  
The Common

Despite the common use of negotiations to set budgets in practice, accounting research has focused primarily on budgets set unilaterally by subordinates, while goal-setting research in management has focused primarily on budgets set unilaterally by superiors. In addition, budgeting research in accounting has focused almost exclusively on the planning aspects of budgets to the exclusion of their motivational aspects. This study complements prior research in two ways. First, the study examines how budgets and the economic consequences of the budget-setting process differ when budgets are set through a negotiation process vs. when set unilaterally. The study also considers factors associated with negotiation agreement and the relation between agreement and the economic consequences of negotiated budgets. Second, the economic consequences examined are budgetary slack and subordinate performance, allowing us to address the trade-offs between the planning and motivational aspects of budgets. Negotiated budgets differ from unilaterally set budgets in a manner consistent with social norms and/or information transfer occurring during negotiations. Both the budgets and the economic consequences of the budgetsetting process differ when budgets are set through a negotiation process where superiors have final authority in the event of a negotiation impasse vs. when set unilaterally by superiors. Further, negotiation agreement significantly affects the economic consequences of negotiated budgets. Budgets set through a negotiation process ending in agreement contain significantly less slack. A failed negotiation followed by superiors imposing a budget has a significant detrimental effect on subordinate performance.

scholarly journals Dairy Waste and Potential of Small-Scale Biogas Digester for Rural Energy in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10671
Author(s):  
Prachi Pandey ◽  
Aditya Pandey ◽  
Long Yan ◽  
Dengshan Wang ◽  
Vinay Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Biogas Technology

In order to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, related global warming and dependency on fossil fuels, it is crucial to promote the uses of renewable energy, and conversion of biomass and organic waste into energy sources. In many parts of the world, a substantial increase in efforts for the conversion of waste into energy is currently being observed. Specifically, biogas technology has been emphasized for the conversion of animal waste into biomethane/biogas because livestock waste is considered to be a substantial source of ambient greenhouse gases, causing climate change. While biogas technology, an anerobic process to convert livestock waste into biogas, is promoted in both developed and developing countries, this review article is focused on improving our existing understanding of small-scale biogas technology and relevance of this technology in rural environment of India. A thorough review research has been performed to gather the information on livestock population, manure production, and potential of biogas technology in India to provide a wholistic information. A summary of the financial supports facilitated by various agencies, the cost of biogas plants, potential uses, and potential challenges in the dissemination of biogas technology in India has been discussed in this study. We anticipate that the data and interpretation provided here will help in understanding the scope of biogas technology in India and will help in formulating the policies which will support the implementation of biogas technologies in developing countries.

scholarly journals The economic impact of audit failures

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
Cristina De Fuentes Barberá ◽  
Rubén Porcuna
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Audit Failure ◽  
Audit Market ◽  
Audit Firms ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Investigation Process ◽  
Public Oversight

This paper examines the economic consequences associated with an audit failure in the field of statutory auditing services, by analyzing changes in the audit firm’s market share around the time of the investigation process undertaken by the Spanish Public Oversight Board. We explore the variations in audit market share by applying the difference in differences method to a treatment group of 70 sanctioned audit firms and a matched control group of 70 non-sanctioned audit firms. The period of analysis covers the years from 1999 to 2015. Our results show that the sanctioned audit firms suffered a significant decrease in their relative number of clients. Moreover, this measure of market share decreased not only after the publication of the sanction disclosure (which may be attributed to reputational losses) but also after the initiation of the investigation (which may be attributed to the firm’s reluctance to audit risky clients). Findings are similar for both small and large firms when the market share is measured in terms of clients, whereas the evidence is weak concerning variations in their turnover-based market share. Our conclusions could be of interest for audit firms and also for audit regulators when designing disciplinary systems. Este trabajo examina las consecuencias económicas asociadas a un fallo de auditoría en el ámbito de los servicios de auditoría legal, analizando los cambios en la cuota de mercado de la firma de auditoría en torno al momento del proceso de investigación emprendido por el Consejo de Supervisión Pública español. Exploramos las variaciones en la cuota de mercado de la auditoría aplicando el método de diferencia en diferencias a un grupo de tratamiento de 70 firmas de auditoría sancionadas y a un grupo de control emparejado de 70 firmas de auditoría no sancionadas. El periodo de análisis abarca los años comprendidos entre 1999 y 2015. Nuestros resultados muestran que las firmas de auditoría sancionadas sufrieron un descenso significativo en su número relativo de clientes. Además, esta medida de la cuota de mercado disminuyó no sólo después de la publicación de la comunicación de la sanción (lo que puede atribuirse a las pérdidas de reputación), sino también después del inicio de la investigación (lo que puede atribuirse a la reticencia de la empresa a auditar clientes de riesgo). Los resultados son similares tanto para las pequeñas como para las grandes empresas cuando la cuota de mercado se mide en términos de clientes, mientras que la evidencia es débil en lo que respecta a las variaciones de su cuota de mercado basada en el volumen de negocio. Nuestras conclusiones podrían ser de interés para las firmas de auditoría y también para los reguladores de la auditoría a la hora de diseñar sistemas disciplinarios.

scholarly journals Review on the most popular anaerobic digester models in the Mekong Delta

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vo Chau Ngan Nguyen ◽  
Trung Hieu Phan ◽  
Hoang Nam Vo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Development History ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Biogas Technology

In Vietnam, the research and application of biogas technology were given a considerable attention in past 30 years. There is several biogas plant models apply in the suburban and rural areas where most people’s life is based on animal husbandry. Each biogas plant model own strong points or weakness that adapt to detail circumstances. The biogas plants play a key role within the VACB farming system especially in the Mekong Delta where produce more than 50% of yearly national agriculture production. This paper gives a comprehensive overview on the popular biogas models in the Mekong Delta through its development history. Knowing on the presented biogas technology in the Mekong Delta will lead the biogas-related organizations or private on biogas development at this region. Ở Việt Nam việc nghiên cứu và ứng dụng công nghệ khí sinh học đã được chú ý trong 30 năm gần đây. Một số mô hình khí sinh học đã và đang được lắp đặt tại các vùng ngoại ô và nông thôn là những nơi tập trung nhiều hộ dân chăn nuôi heo. Có nhiều mô hình khí sinh học đã được triển khai, trong đó mỗi mô hình đều có những điểm mạnh và điểm yếu đáp ứng theo từng yêu cầu cụ thể. Ở ĐBSCL nơi sản xuất trên 50% sản lượng nông nghiệp của cả nước, hầm ủ khí sinh học đóng một vai trò quan trọng trong mô hình canh tác VACB. Bài báo này trình bày chi tiết các kiểu hầm ủ khí sinh học phổ biến tại ĐBSCL tương ứng với từng thời điểm phát triển của công nghệ này. Sự hiểu biết về các kiểu hầm ủ khí sinh học hiện tại ở ĐBSCL sẽ giúp các tổ chức hoặc cá nhân có liên quan trong việc định hướng phát triển công nghệ khí sinh học cho toàn vùng.

scholarly journals Promotion and Potential Analysis of Biogas Plants to Produce Compressed Biomethane Gas for Transportation in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
pennapa tonrangklang ◽  
Apichit Theryothin ◽  
Itthichai Preechawuttipong
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Tax Relief ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
The Government ◽  
Support Decision Making ◽  
Gas Plants ◽  
Water Scrubber

Abstract BackgroundThe implementation of activities agriculture resulted in a large amount of wastewater and organic waste. In the past, Thailand has been using these to produce biogas to replace fossil fuels in the country. At present, biogas production has a residual amount due to no use in farms/factories. So, it to be released into the atmosphere. The government has a policy of biogas by the upgrade to produced biomethane for fuel vehicles but it is still just a prototype system. Therefore, if the government has targeted of the development biomethane in commercial plants, it is necessary to analyze the financial feasibility to an incentive of investors and plan for energy effective support. Including, people can use gas at a reasonable price and create a comprehensive energy source in sustainable agriculture.ResultsThe research evaluates the commercial investment potential of compressed biomethane gas plants based on upgrading biogas by water scrubber technology. The results identified biogas plants must have a digester volume of 2,000 m3 or more to produce compressed biomethane gas. Locations of 10 plants with the potential to establish compressed biomethane gas plants in Thailand. The capacity of compressed biomethane gas plants at 3, 6, 12 and 24 tons/day with no subsidy, subsidy 20% and 30% from the government. The plant should have a capacity of 12 tons/day or more in on subsidy from the government that there will be a financial possibility. The government should be subsidy at 30% in the plants of capacity at 3 tons/day for small plants can operate their businesses, subsidy 20% in the plants of capacity at 6 tons/day. In the part of plants more 12 tons/day which the government should be added measures such as Measures for low-interest loans, tax relief measures, etc. In addition, 10 locations will be expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by about 78,333 tCO2e/year. ConclusionThis study can be used to support decision-making on commercial investment in clean technology to promote the use of resources in agriculture for efficient transportation and support energy-efficient plans to provide an alternative sustainable fuel source to reduce global warming.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document