Tamarindus indica Ameliorates Neural Aluminum Chloride Toxicity in Neonatal Wistar rats

Abstract Objective:This was to determine levels of heavy metal expression following Tamarindus indica activity in neonatal rats. Pregnant timed rats were divided into 5 groups (n =4) and neonatal rats were used. Group 1 (negative control), Groups II-V were experimental groups treated with 100 mg/kg of AlCl3 s/c. Group II (positive control), Groups III and IV receiving 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg of Tamarindus indica respectively, and Group 5 receiving 30mg/kg of Vitamin E (comparative control) for 3 weeks. Brain metal; copper, zinc, iron, and calcium (Cu, Zn, Fe, and Ca respectively) quantification was done using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results:Tamarindus indica contained 61.6% Oleic Acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid 11.03%, Phenol, 3,5-bis (1,1-dimethyl ethyl)- 8.48 %, and cis-9-Hexadecenal 7.79% as the main components in Tamarindus indica. The differential expression of brain metals in the treatment groups on post gestation day 7 and 21 revealed significantly high mean Zn, Fe, and Cu and lower Ca expression in the positive control compared to the negative control; but significantly lower mean Zn, Fe, and Cu and higher Ca expression was observed in the group treated with 400 and 800mg/kg bw of EATI and comparative control when compared to values observed in positive control.

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The Effect of Curcumin on Regression of Liver Fibrosis through Decreased Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1)

The Indonesian Biomedical Journal ◽

10.18585/inabj.v11i1.463 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 52-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Supriono Supriono ◽

Asri Nugraheni ◽

Handono Kalim ◽

Mudjiwijono Handaru Eko

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Liver Tissue ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Groups ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Tgf Β1

BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 has a pivotal role in liver fibrogenesis. Curcumin effectively prevent the progression of liver fibrosis through inhibition of TGF-β1/Sma and drosophila MAD (Smad) signaling pathway. However, the role of curcumin in the regression of liver fibrosis is still unknown. This study investigated the role of curcumin and TGF-β1 in liver fibrosis regression.METHODS: An experimental Wistar rat model included 6 treatment groups as well as positive and negative control groups. The treatment and positive control groups were injected with carbon tetrachlorid (CCl4) for 9 weeks to induce liver fibrosis. After cessation of injection, 3 of the treatment groups were given curcumin and 3 were given carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) for 2, 5 and 9 weeks, while the positive control was untreated. The negative control was injected with normal saline. TGF-β1 liver tissue levels were analyzed by ELISA, while the TGF-β1 expression in liver cells was analyzed by immunohistochemical assay. The metavir score was used to assess the degree of liver fibrosis. Values of p<0.05 were regarded as statistically significant.RESULTS: Nine weeks of CCl4 injection induced liver fibrosis (metavir F3); and significantly increased TGF-β1 levels and expression in tissues (p=0.00, p=0.021, respectively). Curcumin administration decreased levels and expression of TGF-β1 in the liver and accelerated regression of liver fibrosis. There was a significant correlation between duration of administration of curcumin with an expression of TGF-β1 in the liver tissue (r=0.87; p<0.00).CONCLUSION: Curcumin accelerates regression of liver fibrosis, likely through decreasing of TGF-β1 expression in the liver.KEYWORDS: curcumin, TGF-β1, liver fibrosis regression, CCl4, animal model

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THE POTENTIAL EFFECT OF RED DRAGON FRUIT (Hylocereus polyrhizus) PEEL ETHANOL EXTRACT ON ENDOMETRIOSIS PROGRESSIVITY IN ENDOMETRIOSIS MICE

Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v12i2.10497 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Anindya Hapsari ◽

Yanuar Eka Pujiastutik

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Groups ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Dragon Fruit ◽

Hylocereus Polyrhizus

The aim of this study was to know the effect of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel ethanol extract at dose of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/gbw on endometriosis progressivity, signed by granuloma, on mouse model of endometriosis. Twenty five female mice were used as samples anddivided into 5 groups: 1 positive control, 1 negative control, and 3 treatment groups. Positive control and treatment groups were induced as modelof endometriosis for 14 days. The next 14 days, placebo was given to both control groups, while red dragon fruit peel ethanol extract at dose of0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/g bw were given to mice in treatment groups as much as 0.2 mL/25 g bw/day orally. Endometriotic lesion was examined.Result showed that there were significantly differences on granuloma among control groups and treatment groups. The conclusion was reddragon fruit peel ethanol extract could inhibit endometriosis progressivity, signed by granuloma, on mouse model of endometriosis.

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UJI EFEK ANALGESIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN (Mus musculus) DENGAN INDUKSI NYERI ASAM ASETAT

Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung ◽

10.51352/jim.v2i2.59 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

Triswanto Sentat ◽

Susiyanto Pangestu

Keyword(s):

Analgesic Effect ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Analgesic Effects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Analgesic Dose ◽

Muntingia Calabura

Kersen leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) contains tannins, flavonoids and polyphenol compounds allegedly have analgesic effect. The objective was to determine the analgesic effect of ethanol extract of kersen leaves and to determine the most effective analgesic dose. This study was an experimental research. Leaves were extracted with ethanol 70% and the analgesic effect test was divided into 5 groups: negative control treatment (distilled water), positive control (mefenamic acid 2.6mg/kg), kersen leaf ethanol extract first dose (100mg/kg), second dose (200mg/kg) and tthird dose (400mg/kg). Giving treatments by oral, after 30 minutes, the mices were given a pain inductor with 0.5% acetic acid by intra peritonial administration. Analgesic power was calculated by counting the number of writhing in mice for 1 hour. The results showed that the ethanol extract of cherry leaf has analgesic effect. From the calculation of the first dose analgesic power (42.9%), second dose (59.4%) and the third dose 69.9%. Statistical test results kruskal wallis value of p=0.011 (p<0.05) showed a significant difference between all analgesic treatment groups. The conclusion of this study is all of the ethanol extract had analgesic effects on male white mice, whereas a dose of 400mg/kg is the most effective analgesic dose.

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Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Teripang Pasir terhadap Hambatan Pertumbuhan Shigella Dysentriae Secara In Vitro

Hang Tuah Medical journal ◽

10.30649/htmj.v18i1.239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

FERIZAL NEGERI SAMUDRA ◽

RETNO BUDIARTI ◽

IRMAWATI IRMAWATI

Keyword(s):

Sea Cucumber ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Shigella Spp ◽

Diarrhea Disease

ABSTRACTBackground; In Indonesia, most diarrhea disease in 1995 to 2001 are caused by Shigella spp. Shigella spp infection can cause various symptom dan complication. Generally, the treatment by using antibiotic can cause antibiotic resistance. Sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) is an herb that known, available, and easy to consume by society and has an antibacterial effect. Therefore, further research to study the effect of Holoturia Scabra on Shigella Dysentriae growth in vitro is needed.Objectives: The goal of this research is demonstrate the effect of sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) to the growth of the Shigella dysentriae bacteria in vitro.Method: The method in this research is Posttest Only Control Group. There are 6 groups, 4 types of and 2 control groups. The concentration of the treatment group is 100%,50%, 25%, and, 12.5% while for positive control tests using chloramphenicol and aquadest as a negative control.Result: The result showed there is an influence on the intake of sand cucumber to the growth of the Shigella dysenteriae.Conclusion: Sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) inhibit the growth of Shigella dysenteriae.Key words: Shigella dysenteriae, sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra), antibacterial

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RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKEN TO INOVO ADMINISTRATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ROSEMARY OIL(ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS)

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v52i4.1397 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 896-903

Author(s):

Sulaiman & Tayeb

Keyword(s):

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

In Ovo ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Rosemary Oil ◽

In Ovo Injection ◽

Hatching Eggs ◽

Positive Effect

This study was conducted to determine the percentage of hatchability, post-hatch growth performance, immune response of broiler subjected to in- ovo injection of different doses of rosemary oil. A total of 300 eggs of ross broiler strain were obtained.The experiment distributed into five treatment groups: T1, Negative Control T2, positive control (in ovo injection of 0.05 ml distilled water) T3, in ovo injection of 0.05ml of rosemary oil; T4, in ovo injection of 0.075 ml of rosemary oil; T5, in ovo injection of 0.1 ml of rosemary oil.Highest hatchability percentage was shown in 0.1ml rosemary oil -injected hatching eggs. The final weight of birds from 0.075 and 0.1 ml of rosemary oil-injected eggs was significantly (P < 0.05) highest through the experiment. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were improved with in ovo administration of rosemary oil at 0.075 and 0.1 ml doses. In addition, the level of blood cholesterol and blood glucose were decreased (p<0.05) in birds from rosemary oil-injected eggs. The obtained data showed a positive effect of in-ovo injection of rosemary oil on stimulating bird's immunity.

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Survival of Macrobrachium amazonicum embryos submitted to cooling

Zygote ◽

10.1017/s0967199417000119 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 288-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Arthur Vinícius Lourenço Ferreira ◽

Moisés Fernandes Martins ◽

Míriam Luzia Nogueira Martins de Sousa ◽

Aldeney Andrade Soares Filho ◽

Célia Maria de Souza Sampaio

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Storage Time ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Groups ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Macrobrachium Amazonicum ◽

Cryoprotectant Solution ◽

Positive Controls

SummaryCooling techniques have several applications for reproduction in aquaculture. However, few studies have sought to create protocols for cooling and cryopreservation of Macrobrachium amazonicum embryos. Thus, the objective of this work was to verify the survival of M. amazonicum embryos and the correlation between embryonic volume and mortality of M. amazonicum embryos after cooling. Embryo pools were collected from three females and divided into two treatment groups: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 3% and ethylene glycol (EG) 0.5%, both of them associated with 2 M sucrose. Positive and negative control groups consisted of seawater 10%. Aliquots of 10 µg of embryos were placed in Falcon® tubes containing a cryoprotectant solution and submitted directly to the test temperature of 2°C for 2 and 6 h of cooling. Further analysis of survival and embryonic volume were performed under a stereoscopic microscope. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and means were compared using the Tukey test at 5%. The highest embryonic survival rate was observed after the shortest storage time for both the DMSO 3% and the 0.5% EG groups, with survival rates of 84.8 ± 3.9 and 79.7 ± 2.8%, respectively. There was a reduction in survival after 24 h, with the DMSO 3% group presenting a survival rate of 71.7 ± 6.6%, and the EG 0.5% group, 66 ± 6.9%. Survival showed a statistically significant difference when compared with the positive controls after 2 h and 24 h of cooling, with 99 ± 0.5% and 95.8 ± 1.5% survival rates, respectively. There was no significant statistical difference in the embryonic volume, but it was possible to observe a change in the appearance of the embryos, from a translucent coloration to an opaque white or brownish coloration, after 24 h in incubators. Thus, it can be concluded that survival is inversely proportional to storage time and that, although there was no change in the embryonic volume after cooling, a change in the appearance of embryos could be observed.

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Effect of Different Intermediary Bases on Microleakage of a Restorative Material in Class II Box Cavities of Primary Teeth

The International Journal of Artificial Organs ◽

10.5301/ijao.5000566 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 82-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Faika Y. Abdelmegid ◽

Fouad S. Salama ◽

Waleed M. Al-Mutairi ◽

Saud K. Al-Mutairi ◽

Sultan O. Baghazal

Keyword(s):

Primary Teeth ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Class Ii ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

The Other ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Introduction The aim of this in vitro study was to assess and compare the effect of different intermediary bases on microleakage between tooth and a nanocomposite interface in Class II box cavities in primary teeth. Methods Standard Class II box cavities were prepared in 52 primary molars and randomly divided into 9 groups according to the intermediary base used (Multicore Flow, Fuji II LC, SDR, Smart Dentin Replacement, and Biodentine). All specimens were subjected to thermocycling and prepared for microleakage testing and evaluation. Results There was significant difference in the mean ranks of microleakage between the 9 groups, which was observed in the gingival side (p<0.0001) and the occlusal side (p<0.0001). The mean ranks microleakage was significantly higher with experimental SDR, experimental Multicore Flow, and positive control materials when compared with the other 6 groups. The microleakage mean ranks were statistically significantly lower in experimental Fuji II LC, experimental Biodentine, and all negative control groups when compared with the other 3 groups. Conclusions Microleakage is affected by the application of intermediate material. Experimental Biodentine and Fuji II LC showed the lowest microleakage while experimental SDR and experimental Multicore Flow showed the highest microleakage.

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2 EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF OVULATION-INDUCING FACTOR IN PORCINE AND EQUINE SEMINAL PLASMA

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv21n1ab2 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 101 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. A. Bogle ◽

D. Ambati ◽

R. P. Davis ◽

G. P. Adams

Keyword(s):

Seminal Plasma ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Preovulatory Follicle ◽

Progesterone Concentration ◽

Control Groups ◽

Plasma Progesterone ◽

Blood Samples

The presence of an ovulation-inducing factor (OIF) in the seminal plasma of llamas and alpacas (reflex ovulators) and cattle (spontaneous ovulators) has been reported previously (Ratto MH et al. 2006 Theriogenology 66, 1102–1106). The presence of this protein in unrelated species supports the hypothesis that OIF is a conserved factor among species. The objectives of this study were to determine if OIF was present in equine and porcine seminal plasma, and whether the proportion of test animals (llamas) that ovulated in response to treatment with seminal plasma was related to dose. In Experiment 1, female llamas were assigned randomly to four groups (n = 8 or 9 per group) and treated intramuscularly with 1 mL llama seminal plasma (positive control), 3 mL equine seminal plasma, 3 mL porcine seminal plasma, or 2 mL saline (negative control). Ovulation and maximum corpus luteum diameter were compared using ultrasonography and confirmed with blood samples taken on Day 7 (Day 0 = day of treatment) to determine plasma progesterone concentration. The diameter of the preovulatory follicle at the time of treatment did not differ among groups. Equine seminal plasma induced ovulations in 3/8 (38%) llamas compared to 0/8 (0%) llamas treated with saline or porcine seminal plasma (P = 0.1). The proportion of females that ovulated was lower in the equine group (P < 0.01) compared with those animals treated with llama seminal plasma (9/9; 100%). Of the animals that ovulated, maximum CL diameter did not differ between llama and equine seminal plasma-treated groups (mean ± SEM; 11.1 ± 1.1, 11.5 ± 1.5, respectively). Similarly, progesterone concentrations were not different among llamas treated with llama seminal plasma or equine seminal plasma (mean ± SEM; 3.1 ± 0.4, 3.7 ± 1.2, respectively). The design of Experiment 2 was the same, but the dose of equine and porcine seminal plasma was increased to 8 mL and 10 mL, respectively. The proportion of females that ovulated was less (P < 0.05) in equine (2/9) and porcine (3/9) seminal plasma groups compared with the group treated with llama seminal plasma (9/9). There were no ovulations detected in llamas treated with saline (0/8). Although differences between equine, porcine, and negative control groups did not reach significance, results provide some evidence for the presence of OIF in equine and porcine seminal plasma. The effect of dose of equine and porcine seminal plasma is equivocal, suggesting that the concentration of OIF in the seminal plasma of these species may be very low and the optimal dose for inducing ovulation in test animals had not been reached. Research supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada.

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Galla chinensis Compounds Remineralize Enamel Caries Lesions in a Rat Model

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000445036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 159-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Tie-Ting Zhang ◽

Hui-Jing Guo ◽

Xue-Jun Liu ◽

Jin-Pu Chu ◽

Xue-Dong Zhou

Keyword(s):

Rat Model ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Enamel Caries ◽

Caries Lesions

Objectives: To investigate the effect of Galla chinensis chemical compounds on enamel caries remineralization in rats. Methods: A total of 40 rats were inoculated with Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 and fed a cariogenic diet (Keyes 2000). The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated topically twice a day with each of the following extracts (or control) for 5 weeks: distilled and deionized water (DDW, negative control); 1,000 ppm NaF (positive control); 4,000 ppm G. chinensis crude aqueous extract (GCE), or 4,000 ppm gallic acid (GA). After the experimental period, Keyes' caries diagnosis and scoring technique was applied as a preliminary evaluation on the molar teeth. For more accurate remineralization data, the residual enamel volume of the first molar and the mineral density (MD) of the enamel were further analyzed by micro-CT. Results: The severity of molar enamel caries decreased in the following order of treatment groups: DDW > GA > GCE > NaF (p < 0.05). In addition, the residual first molar enamel volume and MD values increased in the order of DDW, GA, GCE and NaF treatment groups (p < 0.05). In most molars, remineralization layers were observed on the surface of lesions. Conclusion:G. chinensis compounds remineralize enamel caries lesions in a rat model.

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MAT, a Novel Polyherbal Aphrodisiac Formulation, Enhances Sexual Function and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway While Reducing Oxidative Damage in Male Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/8521782 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kazim Sahin ◽

Mehmet Tuzcu ◽

Cemal Orhan ◽

Hasan Gencoglu ◽

Nurhan Sahin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Function ◽

Treated Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Male Rats ◽

Mucuna Pruriens ◽

Tribulus Terrestris ◽

Sexual Hormones ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 5

Mucuna pruriens, Ashwagandha, and Tribulus terrestris are known as the enhancers for sexual health, functional activities, vitality, and longevity. These herbs had been widely used in the Ayurveda medicine as aphrodisiacs through the ages, and their efficacy was also verified separately in our previous publication. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of Mucuna, Ashwagandha, and Tribulus complexes on sexual function in rats. Twenty-eight male rats allocated to four groups as follows: (i) negative control (C); (ii) positive control or sildenafil citrate treated group (5 mg/kg) (S); (iii) MAT1 (combination of 10 mg Mucuna (M) + 10 mg Ashwagandha (A) + 10 mg Tribulus (T)/kg BW); (iv) MAT 2 (20 mg Mucuna + 20 mg Ashwagandha + 20 mg Tribulus/kg BW). There was no significant difference found between the MAT1 and MAT2 groups while they showed significantly increased testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels when compared to the negative control. Significant increases in Nrf2/HO1 levels and decreases in NF-κB were detected in MAT groups similar to the decrease in serum and testis malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as compared to both controls. The sperm motility, count, and rate also significantly improved in both MAT groups, while ALT, AST, creatinine, ALP, and urea levels did not change in any of the groups. Oral consumption of MATs combination in male rats resulted in inhibition of NF-κB and MDA and also increased sex hormones with Nrf2-mediated HO-1 induction. MAT combinations may improve sexual functions by increasing levels of sexual hormones and regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways.

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