scholarly journals The Banking Financial System as a Critical Infrastructure of the Current and Future Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-422
Author(s):  
Laurențiu Mihail Grigore
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Future Society

Abstract The existence and development of current and future human society depends on the proper functioning of the banking financial system. The capital and the market, as essential elements of social development, are fully integrated into the global social system and represent the engine of progress. From a systemic perspective, with reference to the concept of critical infrastructure, for the economy and society, the banking financial system is like the circulatory system for a living organism. In this respect, this analysis demonstrates the essential role and necessity of the existence of the banking financial system as a critical infrastructure.

Capitalism in the Classical and High Liberal Traditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Economic Justice ◽  
Marginal Contribution ◽  
Classical Liberalism ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Liberal Tradition ◽  
Classical Liberal ◽  
Distinguishing Features

This chapter discusses the main distinguishing features of two liberal traditions—classical liberalism and what I call “the high liberal tradition”—and their respective positions regarding capitalism as an economic and social system. It also compares the two traditions’ different positions regarding equality of opportunity and the distributive role of markets in establishing economic justice. I critically assess the classical liberal principle that economic agents deserve to be rewarded according to their marginal contribution to economic product. The chapter concludes with some reflections upon the essential role that dissimilar conceptions of persons and society play in grounding the different positions on economic justice that classical and high liberals advocate.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMANITARIAN SPHERE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Е. В. Яковлева
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Development ◽  
Social System ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Modern Level ◽  
Scientific Ethics ◽  
Made In

В статье рассматриваются проблемы, связанные с современным уровнем развития науки и техники. Ставится вопрос о рисках, связанных с интенсивным технологическим развитием человеческого общества. Рассматриваются экологический, социальный, геополитический уровни приложения проблемы. Анализируется концепция Э. Фромма о балансе между техническим и духовным развитием, рассматривается теория А. П. Назаретяна о техно-гуманитарном балансе как условии выживания социальной системы. На основании проведенной в статье классификации исследовательских подходов оценивается роль современных исследований в области научной этики в разрешении проблемы и делается вывод о необходимости выхода на уровень практического ее разрешения. Consideration of the problems connected with the modern level of development of science and technology is made in the article. The question of the risks connected with intensive technological development of human society is raised. Ecological, social, geopolitical aspects of a problem are considered. Fromm’s concept about balance between technical and spiritual development is analyzed, A. P. Nazaretyan’s theory about technical and humanitarian balance as a condition of survival of social system is considered. On the basis of the classification of research approaches which is carried out in article the role of modern researches in the field of scientific ethics in solution of the problem is estimated and the conclusion about need of an exit to the level of her practical permission is drawn.

scholarly journals Post-Covid-19 Pandemic Awareness on The Use of Micro- and Nano Plastic and Efforts into Their Degradation - A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
Ekwan Wiranto ◽  
◽  
Amira Rozdhl ◽  
Nafizatun Hanafi ◽  
Rabiatul Redzuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circulatory System ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Debris Particles ◽  
Characteristic Effect ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Global Threat

Micro- and nanoplastic pollution possess a global threat and cause a future problem and needs greater attention. Its pollution is also exacerbated recently by the use of abundance of plastic polymers in efforts to prevent and handle COVID-19 pandemic at the global scale. This review covered the major concerns about the characteristic, effect and bioremediation of micro- and nanoplastics of post COVID-19. Based on size, microplastic is described as debris particles smaller than 5 mm whereas, nanoplastic is referred to any particles smaller than 100 nm. Micro- and nanoplastic are easily ingested by many aquatic organisms at different trophic levels. This ingestion caused negative health impacts to all living organisms. Microplastic direct effect on living organism for example mechanical injury, false satiation, declined growth, promoted immune response, energy loss, disrupted enzyme activity and production, decreased fecundity, production of oxidative stress, and mortality. Nanoplastic could enter the circulatory system and caused negative effects on the cellular and molecular levels. Bioremediation of microplastic by magnoliophyta, bacteria, fungus and algae on several polymer forms was previously reported, however, not many on nanoplastic biodegradation. Therefore, current review will focus on the characteristics, effect and bioremediation effort of micro- and nanoplastic.

scholarly journals A practical approach for applying Machine Learning in the detection and classification of network devices used in building management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroun Touma ◽  
Shalisha Witherspoon ◽  
Shonda Witherspoon ◽  
Isabelle Crawford-Eng
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Ensemble Classifier ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Feature Engineering ◽  
Ensemble Classifiers ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Automation And Control

With the increasing deployment of smart buildings and infrastructure, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) devices and the underlying IT network have become essential elements for the proper operations of these highly complex systems. Of course, with the increase in automation and the proliferation of SCADA devices, a corresponding increase in surface area of attack on critical infrastructure has increased. Understanding device behaviors in terms of known and understood or potentially qualified activities versus unknown and potentially nefarious activities in near-real time is a key component of any security solution. In this paper, we investigate the challenges with building robust machine learning models to identify unknowns purely from network traffic both inside and outside firewalls, starting with missing or inconsistent labels across sites, feature engineering and learning, temporal dependencies and analysis, and training data quality (including small sample sizes) for both shallow and deep learning methods. To demonstrate these challenges and the capabilities we have developed, we focus on Building Automation and Control networks (BACnet) from a private commercial building system. Our results show that ”Model Zoo” built from binary classifiers based on each device or behavior combined with an ensemble classifier integrating information from all classifiers provides a reliable methodology to identify unknown devices as well as determining specific known devices when the device type is in the training set. The capability of the Model Zoo framework is shown to be directly linked to feature engineering and learning, and the dependency of the feature selection varies depending on both the binary and ensemble classifiers as well.

scholarly journals Reprogramming competence of OCT factors is determined by transactivation domains

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (36) ◽  
pp. eaaz7364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kee-Pyo Kim ◽  
You Wu ◽  
Juyong Yoon ◽  
Kenjiro Adachi ◽  
Guangming Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Chimeric Proteins ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Transactivation Domains ◽  
Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition

OCT4 (also known as POU5F1) plays an essential role in reprogramming. It is the only member of the POU (Pit-Oct-Unc) family of transcription factors that can induce pluripotency despite sharing high structural similarities to all other members. Here, we discover that OCT6 (also known as POU3F1) can elicit reprogramming specifically in human cells. OCT6-based reprogramming does not alter the mesenchymal-epithelial transition but is attenuated through the delayed activation of the pluripotency network in comparison with OCT4-based reprogramming. Creating a series of reciprocal domain-swapped chimeras and mutants across all OCT factors, we clearly delineate essential elements of OCT4/OCT6-dependent reprogramming and, conversely, identify the features that prevent induction of pluripotency by other OCT factors. With this strategy, we further discover various chimeric proteins that are superior to OCT4 in reprogramming. Our findings clarify how reprogramming competences of OCT factors are conferred through their structural components.

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN MODERN SOCIETIES – PROTECTION, SAFETY, SECURITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-398
Author(s):  
Georgiana-Cătălina CHIȚAC
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
National Security ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Human Society ◽  
New Perspective

Abstract: Nowadays, the modern security environment has it foundation based on some vital pilons, that are also important for the normal functionality of the modern society. This paper will offer a new perspective on critical infrastructure protection, defining the relationships that take place freely in a modern society. The international security could be analyzed from functional (systemic) and structural points of view. From the systemic point of view, the global security is characterized by five major systems: political, economic, social (socio-demographic), cultural and ecological. From the structural point of view, besides the above systems there are other ones: military, intelligence, communications and infrastructure (the critical infrastructure, health, financial, culture, education and research). There are certain infrastructures such as: telecommunications, transports, systems of power or water supply, IT systems, diverse systems and emergency services, that are actually fundamental to a prosperous economy and therefore critical to the development of human society. Telecommunications, power systems and transport infrastructures are essential infrastructures that ensure not only the mobility, but also the adequate performance of the armed forces, which is one more reason for which these infrastructures are critical. The degree of development and resilience of national and European critical infrastructures is essential for the economic growth and for ensuring the security and welfare of society on the whole. Therefore, the modern national security, seen as a system or a structure, has been passing through a reform and modernization process in order to adapt to the challenges of the 21st Century and the requirements triggered by North Atlantic Treaty Organization and European Union memberships, and not only. In this context there is a need for some security politics and strategy which could increase the national security condition.

scholarly journals Lukisan Cadas: Simbolis Orang Maluku

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Lucas Wattimena
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Rock Paintings ◽  
The Impact

Rock paintings in Moluccas has a core meaning and symbols in the life cycle of Moluccans in the past, present and future-future. Archaeological remains of rock paintings is a cultural interpretation of the past, where the construction of the values contained therein are an integral part of the social system of human culture the people of Moluccas. The values contained is the value of kinship, religion, grouping, knowledge, survival (survival strategy). Rock paintings in Ohoidertawun, Wamkana and Gulf Saleman have hinted that there are phases of any future development of human society. Research on how the rock paintings as archaeological remains, as the impact of the cultural value system and the structure of the rock painting itself. Performed in order to determine the value of the cultural and social system structure Moluccans rock paintings. The study of literature become the main reference of the study, with emphasis on past and present the data. From the research results prove that the archaeological remains of rock paintings have been contributing to the sociocultural meaning people of Moluccas, including the meaning of identity, culture and plurality or diversity.Lukisan cadas di Maluku memiliki inti makna dan simbol dalam siklus hidup Orang Maluku pada masa lampau, sekarang dan masa-masa yang akan datang. Tinggalan arkeologi lukisan cadas merupakan interprestasi kebudayaan masa lampau, dimana konstruksi nilai yang terkandung didalamnya adalah bagian integral dari sistim sosial budaya manusia masyarakat Maluku. Nilai-nilai yang terkandung adalah nilai kekerabatan, religi, pengelompokkan, pengetahuan, bertahan hidup (survival strategy). Lukisan cadas yang ada di Ohoidertawun, Wamkana dan Teluk Saleman telah memberikan petunjuk bahwa ada fase-fase perkembangan masyarakat manusia setiap masa. Penelitian tentang bagaimana lukisan cadas sebagai tinggalan arkeologis, sebagai dampak sistem nilai budaya dan struktur lukisan cadas itu sendiri. Dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui sistem sosial nilai budaya dan struktur lukisan cadas Orang Maluku. Studi literatur menjadi acuan utama penelitian tersebut, dengan mengutamakan data terdahulu dan kini. Dari hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa tinggalan arkeologis lukisan cadas telah memberikan kontribusi makna bagi sosial budaya Orang Maluku, diantaranya makna identitas, peradaban dan pluralitas atau kemajemukan.

scholarly journals Unresolved Judicial Conflict and Critical Infrastructure

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-637
Author(s):  
Steven Ferrey
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Core ◽  
American Law ◽  
Legal Outcomes ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
American Economy

Choice of law affects legal outcomes at the core of Anglo-American law. This Article analyzes what electricity is, how the law regards it, and concludes by examining the confusion and inconsistency created by many courts. Even finishing second among the most important inventions in history (second behind only the movable type printing press) highlights the essential role of electricity in the American economy: Among the most important inventions in human history, electricity is the only one which also is essential and irreplaceable to operate seven other of the “top 50” inventions of all time: the Internet, computers, air-conditioning, radio, television, the telephone, and semiconductors.

Measuring Societal Vulnerability to Critical Infrastructure Failure due to Extreme Weather Events

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Maria Luskova ◽  
Bohus Leitner
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The World ◽  
Security Property

Climate change and the associated more frequent and unpredictable occurrence of extreme weather events are according to the Global Risk Report (2020), published by the World Economic Forum, among the top five risks today. Although the effects of extreme weather vary around the world and in regions, their effects on social – economic and natural systems are becoming increasingly important and require an active solution. In this context, it is important to address the individual areas of human society vulnerability, as their assessment is the basic information necessary for improving risk reduction and preparedness to extreme weather events. The paper underlines the importance of critical infrastructure as an asset or system whose disruption or destruction could have a range of serious implications for the performance of economic and social functions of the state and thus on the inhabitants in terms of their life, health, security, property and environment protection. It provides selection of past cases of extreme weather events having impacts on critical infrastructure in sector energy and transportation throughout Europe and their impacts on society. Subsequently own approach to measuring societal vulnerability due to impact of extreme weather event on critical infrastructure is presented. In conclusion recommendations supporting the proactive approach to building resilient critical infrastructure which contributes to resilient society are presented.

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