scholarly journals Análise Crítica dos Estudos de Vulnerabilidade Geomorfológica a Agentes Diversos no Litoral de Pernambuco – Brasil (Critical Analysis of Geomorphological Vulnerability Studies the Agents Differents in Coastline of Pernambuco-Brazil)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1028
Author(s):  
Eduardo Paes Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
The State ◽  
Coastal Vulnerability ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
De Se

O artigo apresenta uma revisão da produção bibliográfica dedicada à vulnerabilidade costeira junto às praias do litoral pernambucano, feita com base em 21 estudos entre relatórios técnicos, artigos, resumos e monografias. Os estudos inventariados foram analisados em termos de: escalas espacial e temporal; agentes; conceitos adotado; abordagem metodológica, grau de formalidade e validação. Os resultados demonstram que ainda existem divergências quanto aos conceitos e abordagens metodológicas, predominando estudos essencialmente qualitativos. Ademais, nem sempre o conceito de vulnerabilidade costeira está explícito. Quanto aos agentes estudados, predominam a erosão costeira e o aumento do nível do mar. O litoral médio do estado é o setor mais estudado sob o ponto de vista da vulnerabilidade geomorfológica, predominando estudos de abrangência local. Algumas limitações se referem ao baixo grau de formalidade dos estudos, à não inclusão da dimensão temporal e à falta de uma metodologia de validação dos estudos, o que deve ser aprimorado com o aumento do volume de estudos dedicados à temática. Os estudos realizados até então representam uma tentativa inicial de se conhecer e predizer o comportamento dos ambientes praiais do litoral pernambucano frente à sua dinâmica, existindo ainda praias nunca analisadas sob este aspecto. A perspectiva é de que o conhecimento sobre o assunto se avolume consideravelmente, especialmente diante dos inúmeros problemas que a erosão costeira tem acarretado junto ao litoral do estado. Os produtos assim gerados servirão para orientar ações de gestão preventiva e corretiva.   A B S T R A C T The article presents a review about the bibliographical production dedicated to the coastal vulnerability next the beaches of Pernambuco, based on 21 studies, among which we have technical reports, articles, summaries and research papers. The studies were analyzed in terms of spatial and temporal scales; agents; adopted concept; methodological approach; formality and validation. Results demonstrated that there are divergences as to the concepts and methodological approaches, with essentially qualitative studies still predominating. Furthermore, the concept of coastal vulnerability is not always explicit. As to the agents analyzed, coastal erosion and sea level rise still predominate. The middle coast of the state is the most studied in terms of geomorphological vulnerability, predominantly with local studies. Some limitations refer to the low degree of formality of studies, to the non-inclusion of a temporal dimension and to the lack of a validation methodology of studies, something that should be enhanced with an increase of studies dedicated to the theme. Studies done until then represent an initial attempt of knowing and predicting the beach environmental behavior of Pernambuco’s coast, in front of its dynamics, with some beaches that were never analyzed under this aspect.  Expectations are upon a considerable rising of the subject, especially due to the countless problems that coastal erosion has been causing to the state coast. Results, derived from this increasing, shall guide preventive and corrective management actions. Keywords: vulnerability, coastal management, coastal geomorphology, sandy beaches   

scholarly journals Coastal Erosion Risk Assessment, Shoreline Retreat Rates and Causes of Coastal Erosion Along the State of São Paulo Coast, Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
CELIA REGINA DE GOUVEIA E SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Shoreline Retreat ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Special Rules

Monitoring on coastal erosion problems along the São Paulo shoreline have been carrying out by the author since mid the 80’s, including almost 87% of the whole 430 km length of sandy beaches. Eleven types of indicators of coastal erosional processes have been recognized, which have been attributed to seventeen causes, among them ten correspond to natural mechanisms and seven are due to anthropogenic interference. In this paper is presented rates of shoreline retreat based on the Bruun Rule application for six of the most threatened beaches, for a period as long as 56 years. Risk assessment is also estimated for these six beaches based on two criteria: (i) the total number (sum) of types of coastal erosion indicators found along the shoreline (frequency among the 11 types) and (ii) general spatial distribution (percentage of surface area) of coastal erosion indicators along the shoreline. Causes and effects of the coastal erosional processes are discussed for these six beaches. Results reveal high rates of shoreline retreat, even in non-urbanized areas, as well demonstrate that the six beaches are at very-high risk. Moreover, they indicate that natural mechanisms are very important as cause of coastal erosional processes in São Paulo, sometimes most them the human-induced causes. These studies have widely been supporting the State Plan for Coastal Zone Management, in order to create special rules for occupation and some activities along the shoreline, including engineering works, building and sand beach exploration. Besides, results are being recorded in a geoenvironmental information system for the Coastal Zone of the State of São Paulo (Project SIIGAL), which is in phases of implantation.

TOURIST BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Stefania Mosiuk ◽  
Igor Mosiuk ◽  
Vladimir Mosiuk
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Resource ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The purpose of the article is to analyze and substantiate the development of tourism business in Ukraine as a priority component of the national economy. The methodology of this study is to use analytical, spatial, geographical, cultural and other methods. This methodological approach provided an opportunity to carry out a complete analysis of the state of the tourism industry of the state and to draw some conclusions.The scientific novelty lies in the coverage of the real and potential resource potential for the development of the recreational and tourism sphere in Ukraine, detailing the measures for the country ‘s entry into the world tourist market. Conclusions. Analyzing the state and prospects of tourism business development in Ukraine, it should be noted that this industry is one of the priority areas for improving the economy of the country. Historical, cultural – ethnographic, gastronomic, sanatorium and resort potentials of the country will lead the country into world leaders of the tourism industry when creating favorable conditions for investment and proper marketing.

Updating the methodology for providing incentive subsidies to depressed agricultural regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2210-2224
Author(s):  
V.M. Sharapova ◽  
T.N. Medvedeva ◽  
E.A. Farvazova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
State Support ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Depressed Regions ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Subject. The article considers a procedure for calculating and distributing State support to depressed agricultural regions in the framework of a new type of budget financing, i.e. compensating and stimulating subsidies. Objectives. The purpose is to evaluate the efficiency of the system of State regulation of agribusiness in a depressed region, determine the priority of modern methods of budgetary support from the State, improve the methodological approach to the distribution of State aid among subjects of the Russian Federation with low level of socio-economic development. Methods. The study draws on the abstract and logical method, methods of statistical analysis, grouping, comparison, and generalization. Results. We realized the objectives of the study, using the agricultural producers of the Kurgan Oblast case. The paper analyzes the condition of agricultural sector in the depressed region, assesses the State support system efficiency for the agricultural sector of the Trans-Ural region, considers government measures related to the regulation of the economy of backward regions. It presents an updated method of budget financing within an incentive subsidy by clarifying the calculations and introducing an additional indicator that reflects the level of remuneration of regional agricultural producers. Conclusions. The updated calculation methodology for incentive subsidies to depressed regions enables to build a certain economic rating of ten depressed regions of the Russian Federation, taking into account not only the volume of production and employment, but also the level of wages of agricultural workers.

scholarly journals Infrastructure governance in the post-networked city: State-led, high-tech sanitation in Addis Ababa’s condominium housing

2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442110370
Author(s):  
Liza Rose Cirolia ◽  
Tesfaye Hailu ◽  
Julia King ◽  
Nuno F da Cruz ◽  
Jo Beall
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
City State ◽  
Sanitation Systems

Ethiopia’s mass-scale subsidized housing delivery programme has driven the rapid expansion of middle-income, mid-rise settlements on the outskirts of Addis Ababa, requiring the provision of infrastructure to newly developed areas. In the case of the Kotari housing project, established sanitation systems were deemed inappropriate for the site, resulting in the deployment of novel technology, a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR). Such decentralised technologies contribute to the heterogenous infrastructure configurations which characterise Addis Ababa’s sanitation landscape, reflected not only in material configurations but also in how they are governed. In this paper, we use the concept of ‘infrastructure interfaces’ as an analytical device to identify the key material connection points in the system. Working across scales, we scrutinise the governance arrangements at these critical junctures: the household, the block, the condominium, and the city. Our analysis challenges established understandings of infrastructural heterogeneity driven by the private sector, either through financialized elite infrastructures or informal survivalist practices. In Kotari, the state is the driver and the target is the lower middle class. Centring the state in these infrastructure configurations provides nuance to our understanding of how heterogeneity emerges. Our methodological approach accounts for governance at various scales, providing fresh insights into the relationality of infrastructure, particularly the human/technology interface and infrastructural failures. The case shows the importance of transcending binary readings of infrastructure configurations, such as on/off grid, state/private and formal/informal. Future work on the post-network city must go beyond simply denigrating or valorising alternative modes of service delivery.

Sandy beaches characterization and management of coastal erosion on western Sardinia island (Mediterranean Sea).

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni De Falco ◽  
Francesca Budillon ◽  
Alessandro Conforti ◽  
Sandro De Muro ◽  
Gabriella Di Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Sandy Beaches

The Theoretical Origins of Management of Innovation Entrepreneurship Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-257
Author(s):  
Mariia Buhaieva ◽  
◽  
Sofia Demchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Management Of Innovation ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The development of any economic system involves the transformation of the basic characteristics of its participants. In this case, the development itself can be both traditional and innovative. Currently, it is important to consider the innovative type of development at the enterprise level, which means a purposeful process of finding ideas, preparing innovations and their implementation, to increase their efficiency, and for society - to increase needs, the state - to increase the competitiveness of national products in the international market. It is obvious that the development of innovative activity of the enterprise is one of the decisive factors of its successful development. The purpose of this study is a comprehensive study of the theoretical origins of management of innovative entrepreneurship, the formation of a systematic view of the features of innovation management of the enterprise in modern business conditions. A comprehensive study of the theoretical origins of management of innovative entrepreneurship development was carried out, in particular, the emergence of views on the essence of such concepts as “innovation”, “innovative enterprise”, “innovative entrepreneurship”, “development of innovative entrepreneurship” were analyzed in the article. The authors suggest their own interpretation of such categories taking into account the analysis of domestic and foreign approaches and theoretical provisions for this problems in the modern understanding. Also, a systematic presentation of the features of management of the innovative activity of an enterprise in modern economic conditions was formed. The authors believe that for successful management of innovative development of the enterprise there should be a "smart" management system of innovative development of the enterprise. The purpose of the IDE management is to increase the competitiveness of the enterprise - the stable market position for continuous development in a constantly changing external and internal environment. Features of managing the development of innovative entrepreneurship at the present stage are the following: the ability and readiness of the economic entity to positive change, progress; the sequence of management actions that realize the innovation potential; quantitative changes in the relevant "growth points"; qualitative changes based on cooperation and rivalry between market participants for better conditions of production, purchase and sale of goods. It should be noted that management of innovation entrepreneurship development should have the support of the state in the context of Ukraine's innovation policy. The prospects for further research are related to the improvement of the innovation entrepreneurship management system as a key element for increasing the competitiveness of modern enterprises in a constantly changing external and internal environment.

scholarly journals O princípio da proteção da confiança como obstáculo à anulação de atos administrativos - The principle of the protection of confidence as an obstacle to the annulment of administrative acts

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Rúbia Mendonça Lôbo De Carvalho ◽  
Andressa Guimarães Freire
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
The State ◽  
Temporal Modulation ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legitimate Expectation ◽  
De Se ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Individual

<p>Os atos, condutas e comportamentos do Poder Público gozam de presunção de legitimidade, gerando, em diversas situações, expectativas nos indivíduos. Pode o Estado, no uso de suas prorrogativas, violar aquelas expectativas, causando efeitos negativos à ordem econômica, por despertarem desconfiança e instabilidade nas relações com o Poder Público. Delimitada a ênfase do presente trabalho à função administrativa do Estado, visou-se compreender o princípio da proteção da confiança como instrumento de tutela da expectativa legítima do indivíduo, por impor limites à Administração Pública na anulação de atos administrativos. Nessa situação, viu-se que referido princípio pode conflitar com a legalidade e a autotutela, sendo o caso de se buscar um juízo de ponderação, que resultará na manutenção do ato ou na sua anulação, esta podendo ser com efeitos <em>ex tunc</em>, com efeitos <em>ex nunc</em> ou com a modulação temporal dos efeitos para um determinado momento futuro.</p><p> </p><p>The acts, practices and behaviors of the Public Power in the exercise of legitimation, can generate, in several situations, expectations in individuals. The Estate, in use of its prerogatives, can breach expectations, generating a negative economic response, lack of confidence and instability in its relations. Thus, the principle of protection defends the preservations of these state acts, which effects extend in time, giving the individual an expectation of continuity, even if they are illegal or unconstitutional. Delimiting the emphasis of the present work on the administrative function of the State, it was intended to understand the principle of the protection of trust as an instrument to protect the legitimate expectation of the individual, for imposing limits to the Public Administration in the annulment of administrative acts. In this situation, it was seen that this principle may conflict with legality and self-assessment, being the case of seeking a weighing judgment, which will result in the maintenance of the act or its annulment, this being possible with the temporal modulation of the effects for a certain future moment.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Assessing the Investment Attractiveness of Food Industry Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (521) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
L. I. Bezghinova ◽  
◽  
L. D. Zabrodska ◽  
H. I. Zabrodska ◽  
O. M. Nesterenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Industry Affiliation ◽  
Integral Assessment ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The article is aimed at substantiating the methodological approach to assessing the investment attractiveness of the food industry enterprise, taking into account its industry characteristics. The article describes the specifics of the activities of food industry enterprises, which can characterize the state of their investment attractiveness. The methodological aspects of assessment of investment attractiveness of enterprise are considered. The assessment of the investment attractiveness of a food industry enterprise is proposed to be carried out from the short- and long-term perspective. The methodology for assessing the investment attractiveness of the food industry enterprise is substantiated according to the following stages: formation of an information base of assessment; assessment of investment attractiveness elements and determination of their normative values by groups of financial coefficients; integral assessment of elements of the state of investment attractiveness; ranking of enterprises based on the results of the investment attractiveness assessment. Four groups of financial coefficients are distinguished in accordance with their economic content: liquidity (absolute liquidity ratio, coverage ratio); negotiability (negotiability ratio of total capital, negotiability ratio of current assets); financial sustainability (coverage structure coefficient, ratio of own and borrowed funds); profitability (return on assets, return on equity). The methodology allows, depending on the priorities and policies of the enterprise, its industry affiliation, investment climate, economic development conditions, to choose other criteria and indicators to assess the level of investment attractiveness. A methodical approach to the construction of an integral indicator of the assessment of investment attractiveness of enterprise and a factor map of its interpretation with the allocation of low, medium and high levels are proposed.

scholarly journals Methodological basis for measuring expert systems automation of motor and tractor Engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
V. V. Alt ◽  
I. P. Dobrolyubov ◽  
O. F. Savchenko ◽  
D. N. Klimenko ◽  
O. V. Elkin
Keyword(s):  
Expert Systems ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
The State ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Energy Parameters ◽  
Production Conditions

The paper considers issues of increasing the efficiency of application of measuring expert systems (MES) that solve the problem of reducing power losses of motor and tractor internal combustion engines (ICE) in production conditions due to changes in their technical condition. MES carry out operational control of the energy parameters of the machine and tractor fleet for taking timely repair and maintenance actions. A methodological approach is proposed for creating an automation system for the development of MES, which increases the efficiency of the formation of MES due to the existing expertise in this subject area. The methodological basis of research is a dynamic method for diagnosing ICE. This method uses a test dynamic effect on ICE, which is the most practical for assessing the state of tractor ICE in production conditions, as well as computer modeling of the ICE work processes in order to find informative diagnostic indicators characterizing energy parameters. On the basis of the proposed target function, the software was determined in the form of the model describing a variety of system elements, their features and states, as well as links between them. Information provision was organized, carrying out the functions of collecting, processing and providing information upon request. A method for constructing a logical scheme of the development algorithm MES was formed, which formalizes the process of solving interrelated problems in the synthesis of various structures of hardware and software based on a set of mathematical models. On the example of modeling an ICE unit – a working machine, the effect of varying the input parameters of the model was estimated: torque effects and resistance moments on the diagnostic parameters of the technical state – angular velocities and accelerations. The use of computer modeling of ICE working processes using this methodological approach made it possible to create a digital technology and a measuring system for automated energy monitoring of the tractor fleet of an agricultural enterprise. The computer structural diagrams of ICE and MES models can be used in diagnostic complexes. This will make it possible to increase the accuracy and reliability of determining the state of the internal combustion engine and the mechanisms and working machines aggregated with it, as well as improve the quality of the work they perform.

scholarly journals Citizen ownership of the state: A measure using election promise implementation score

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul Azad
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
The State ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Power Of Attorney ◽  
The Usa

<p><i>This paper introduces a measure of citizen ownership of the state, which works with empirical data. The paper defines citizen ownership of the state as a condition where whatever the majority of citizens want is implemented. In the present-day large scale state, whatever the majority of citizens want is expressed in the election promises of the winning party, alliance or individuals. The paper argues that the level of implementation of election promises is a measurement of citizen ownership of the state. It models the authority of a representative government to a power of attorney. The citizen as principal awards a power of attorney to the winning party, alliance or individuals as an agent in their election. In the election, the set of election promises of the agent becomes the only written part of the power of attorney. The 2008-2012 tenure of US President Barack Obama is used to test how the methodological approach works with empirical data. The test finds the citizen ownership of the state in the USA at 70.7 percent and the party intrusion into the ownership at 29.3 percent during the tenure.</i>.</p>

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