scholarly journals SPATIAL PATTERN OF HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL IN MINNA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 276-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ojekunle Joel Ademola ◽  
Owoeye Adelanke Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Open Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
City Space ◽  
Household Travel ◽  
Open Data Kit ◽  
The City ◽  
Traffic Corridors

Household travel is the major origin of traffic flow in the urban centres. Urban residents travel for various purposes; planning and managing urban travel requires that city planners and managers understand their flow pattern across the city space.  This study therefore, was conducted to analyse the spatial pattern of household travel in Minna City, Nigeria. The data were collected through questionnaire administration on 1,303 respondents using Open Data Kit (ODK) package. To do this, the city was divided into four cluster zones, from which three different residential densities were selected in each of the zones. The study reveals that trip generation and attraction is significantly different among different residential densities in the city. The analysis of variance reveals there is significant difference in trip distances covered by different residential area in the city with a p-value of <0.001. The study therefore recommends that there is need to create spatial balance in the location of services needed and land use activities across the residential densities and also provide an effective and efficient public transportation system to the city residents especially along the main traffic corridors.

scholarly journals ACCESSIBILITY ASSESSMENT: TRAINING THE SLUM RESIDENTS IN SCALING THE ‘ACCESSIBILITY’

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
A. Phadke
Keyword(s):  
Open Data ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Social Segregation ◽  
City Space ◽  
The Government ◽  
Open Data Kit ◽  
The City ◽  
Complicated Nature

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> With almost half of the developing world turning ‘urban’, it becomes a major challenge for the local self-governments to assure availability and accessibility of basic infrastructural facilities to citizens at affordable rates. The issues of accessibility become especially complicated in the cities of Global South as ‘accessibility’ is highly politicized and governed by various forces that shape social, cultural and economic hierarchies. The city space not only experiences spatial segregation but also a peculiarly linked social segregation that runs along ethnic identities creating conditions of social and economic polarization at not only macro level as well as at micro levels within slums that house lower income groups (LIG) and economically weaker sections (EWS). The conditions of inaccessibility decisively affect the wellbeing of these groups leading to erosion of social and mental wellbeing. The effective implementation of various welfare schemes also mostly remains inadequate due to the highly complicated nature of ‘inaccessibility’ and lack of transparency.</p><p>For effective implementation of various welfare schemes, the government has already moved towards ‘e-governance’. Ironically, the use of ‘smart’ technology remains restricted to higher income groups and the LIG and EWS gets excluded again due to lack of knowledge. In fact, these sections of urban population who suffer absolutely due to conditions of ‘inaccessibility’ need to be trained and involved in measuring the levels of accessibility and improving access to various basic infrastructural facilities. The paper will attempt at introducing a module that is based in simpler technologies like ODK (open data kit) and Quantum GIS to train the slum residents in mapping the accessibility vis-à-vis basic infrastructural facilities and improve the accessibility through positive deliberations with the local selfgovernments.</p>

scholarly journals Pengembangan Aplikasi Strategi Pencegahan Perilaku Perundungan (Bullying) pada Sekolah Dasar di Kota Jambi

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Neni Heryani ◽  
Asmuni Asmuni ◽  
Atika F.D Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The City

AbstractBullying behavior can result in the growth and development of a child, namely trauma and fear so that children do not want to go to school and experience disruption in the learning process. During the period of 2002-2005 there were 30 suicides which happened to victims of abuse at the age range of 6-15 years. Another impact of abuse behavior in childhood is closely related to anti-social behavior in the future after the child grows into adolescents and adults. This type of research and development. This research was conducted in an elementary school environment in the city of Jambi. The population was 48,043 students and 138 research samples. The results of this study the perpetrators of bullying are mostly done by classmates by 77%. The target of classmates bullying was 73%, the location of the harassment was mostly done in the classroom by 69.6%. The incidence of bullying is low around 45.7% and the incidence of bullying is high at 54.3%. The conclusion is the incidence of bullying with the grade level of elementary school students does not have a significant relationship. The incidence of bullying with gender does not have a significant relationship. The incidence of bullying with the perpetrator or victim has a significant relationship. There is a significant difference in knowledge in the use of modules and applications with a p-value of 0,000. the use of applications is more effective than the use of modules with a p-value of 0,000

scholarly journals Comparison of Self-Coherence and Impulsiveness between People with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Healthy People

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeideh Khaki ◽  
Hajar Torkan ◽  
Vahid Sebghatollahi
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
P Value ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The City

Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a serious syndrome, which damages people’s psychological, communicative, social, and emotional lives. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare integrative self-knowledge and impulsivity in patients with Irritable IBS and healthy individuals. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on patients with IBS referring to gastroenterologists and healthy individuals in the city of Isfahan in 2018. The sample size included 150 patients with IBS and 150 healthy people in Isfahan selected using non-random convenient sampling method. The integrative self-knowledge and impulsivity questionnaires were applied to collect the information. After collecting the questionnaires and extracting the raw data, SPSS23 software was used and t-test was run to analyze the data. Results: A significant difference was observed between patients with IBS and healthy participants with regard to integrative self-knowledge and impulsivity (P-value < 0.001), so that people with IBS had lower integrative self-knowledge and higher impulsivity in comparison with the healthy individuals. Conclusion: According to the findings, people with IBS had lower integrative self-knowledge and higher impulsivity due to their therapeutic and psychological involvement in the disease. So, third-wave psychological treatments such as mindfulness treatment and positivist psychotherapy are required in this area.

scholarly journals Demographic and socio-economic factors, and healthcare resource indicators associated with the rapid spread of COVID-19 in Northern Italy: An ecological study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244535
Author(s):  
Alessandra Buja ◽  
Matteo Paganini ◽  
Silvia Cocchio ◽  
Manuela Scioni ◽  
Vincenzo Rebba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Acute Care Hospital ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
Province Level

Background COVID-19 rapidly escalated into a pandemic, threatening 213 countries, areas, and territories the world over. We aimed to identify potential province-level socioeconomic determinants of the virus’s dissemination, and explain between-province differences in the speed of its spread, based on data from 36 provinces of Northern Italy. Methods This is an ecological study. We included all confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 reported between February 24th and March 30th, 2020. For each province, we calculated the trend of contagion as the relative increase in the number of individuals infected between two time endpoints, assuming an exponential growth. Pearson’s test was used to correlate the trend of contagion with a set of healthcare-associated, economic, and demographic parameters by province. The virus’s spread was input as a dependent variable in a stepwise OLS regression model to test the association between rate of spread and province-level indicators. Results Multivariate analysis showed that the spread of COVID-19 was correlated negatively with aging index (p-value = 0.003), and positively with public transportation per capita (p-value = 0.012), the % of private long-term care hospital beds and, to a lesser extent (p-value = 0.070), the % of private acute care hospital beds (p-value = 0.006). Conclusion Demographic and socioeconomic factors, and healthcare organization variables were found associated with a significant difference in the rate of COVID-19 spread in 36 provinces of Northern Italy. An aging population seemed to naturally contain social contacts. The availability of healthcare resources and their coordination could play an important part in spreading infection.

scholarly journals Assessment of eating behaviour in obese children of Bangor city

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Attallah O. Qasem
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
P Value ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
The City

Obesity is a major health problem for people living in the UK, and it currently affects many children. The objectives of this study is to assess the psychometric measures of eating behaviour associated with obesity in primary school-aged children in the city of Bangor (North Wales, UK). Across-sectional survey of children’s eating behaviours and their relationship to obesity was done in four primary schools in the city of Bangor (North Wales, UK).The study utilized the method of cross-sectional survey of Wales’s children’s eating behaviour in association with obesity using two groups of children aged 7–8 years and 10–11 years through four junior schools in Bangor. It was assessed using the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) and body composition was estimated using BMIs. Total of 153 children 81 were boys and 72 were girls. The statistical analysis used is based on multiple regression analysis with the dependent or predicted variable being BMI and the independent or predictor variables being food responsiveness, emotional under eating and exercise.It was found that exercise was significant at p value< 0.042 and negatively associated with BMI, which means that there is a significant difference between exercise and BMI. Two behavioural characteristics derived from the CEBQ which are food responsiveness and emotional under-eating. This is statistically significant at p value <0.01 and positively associated with BMI, show that increase food responsiveness and emotional under-eating is different with increases of BMI.The psychometric measures of children’s eating styles obtained from CEBQ showed that exercise change as above, with BMI; that is children who were rated as having more exercise were more likely to have a lower BMI.

scholarly journals Demographic and Socio-Economic Factors, and Healthcare Resource Indicators Associated with the Rapid Spread of COVID-19 in Northern Italy: An Ecological Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Buja ◽  
Matteo Paganini ◽  
Silvia Cocchio ◽  
Manuela Scioni ◽  
Vincenzo Rebba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Acute Care Hospital ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
Province Level

ABSTRACTBackgroundCOVID-19 rapidly escalated into a pandemic, threatening 213 countries, areas, and territories the world over. We aimed to identify potential province-level socioeconomic determinants of the virus’s dissemination, and explain between-province differences in the speed of its spread, based on data from 36 provinces of Northern Italy.MethodsThis is an ecological study. We included all confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 reported between February 24th and March 30th, 2020. For each province, we calculated the trend of contagion as the relative increase in the number of individuals infected between two time endpoints, assuming an exponential growth. Pearson’s test was used to correlate the trend of contagion with a set of healthcare-associated, economic, and demographic parameters by province. The virus’s spread was input as a dependent variable in a stepwise OLS regression model to test the association between rate of spread and province-level indicators.FindingsMultivariate analysis showed that the spread of COVID-19 was correlated negatively with aging index (p-value=0.003), and positively with public transportation per capita (p-value=0.012), the % of private long-term care hospital beds and, to a lesser extent (p-value=0.070), the % of private acute care hospital beds (p-value=0.006).InterpretationDemographic and socioeconomic factors, and healthcare organization variables were found associated with a significant difference in the rate of COVID-19 spread in 36 provinces of Northern Italy. An aging population seemed to naturally contain social contacts. The availability of healthcare resources and their coordination could play an important part in spreading infection.

PENENTUAN NILAI PARAMETER LIPOFILITAS SENYAWA 4-KLOROBENZOILTIOUREA DAN UJI POTENSIASI TERHADAP TIOPENTAL PADA MENCIT PUTIH (Mus musculus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dini Kesuma
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Log P ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Central Nervous System Depressant ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Synthesis of the 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound was carried out by acylating thiourea with 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride. The 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound  will increase the lipophilic and the electronic properties other than the lead compounds of benzoylthiourea in order to, by expectation, raise the central nervous system depressant as well. The lipophilic would affect the ability of the compounds in penetrating biological membranes, which is highly dependent on the solubility of the drug within lipid/water. Log P is the most common method used in determining the parameter value. This experiment was to mix two dissolvents (octanol and water) which are immissible. The both levels of the compounds were carefully observed by a spectrophotometer UV-Vis. From the test, the result of log P value of the 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound was 2.32, while the theoretical log P value of the compounds, by using the π Hansch-Fujita method is 1.62 and the f Rekker-Mannhold method is 2.225. Consequently, the result of the test shows that there is a significant difference between the progress experiment and both theoretical log P methods. Moreover, in the test of the central nervous system depressant through the potentiation test to thiopental using mice indicates that the 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound have potentiation effects to thiopental compared to the lead compounds of benzoylthiourea.

Employing Personal Reading Logs through Short Stories to Enhance Students’ L2 Reading Comprehension Achievement

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eliyas Sulaiman Mohandas ◽  
Nik Mastura Nik Ismail Azlan ◽  
Salwa Othman ◽  
Muhammad Aizat Azhari
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
P Value ◽  
L2 Reading ◽  
Reading Score ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
L2 Reading Comprehension

This study aims to investigate whether the use of six selected short stories throughout the duration of a 14-week course could enhance students’ reading comprehension achievement at the end of the semester. Out of the six short stories read, three were chosen as in-class assignments known as ‘Personal Reading Logs’ (hereafter, PRLs). One group of semester two Diploma students taking a reading skills course was selected through a convenience sampling method. A pre-test was conducted by having the students answer a past semester reading quiz of which the results would then be compared to their post-test (final reading exam) results. A paired samples t-test revealed no significant difference in the reading scores of the pre-test and the post-test, t (17) = -.265, p > .05. Since the p-value was bigger than 0.05, this indicated that the mean reading score of the post-test (M = 50.556) was not significantly higher than the mean reading score of the pre-test (M = 49.722). Therefore, the null hypothesis which stated that there was no difference in the mean score of the pre-test and post-test was retained. Overall, the result refuted the findings of other studies promoting the effectiveness of using short stories to enhance L2 reading comprehension achievement.

THE ANALYSIS OF NURSING STUDENT SOFT SKILLS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN LECTURE AND PROBLEM BASED LEARNING APPROACHES 2011

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hilman Syarif
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Nursing Student ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Soft Skill ◽  
Student Centered Learning ◽  
Hard Skills ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Student Centered Learning (SCL) is an effective method to develop student's soft skills and hard skills which are very important to support their successful carrier later. This research was conducted to identify the differences of developed soft skills between students who learn with PBL method and lecturing method. Methods: Descriptive comparative method was used in this study. The samples consisted of 15 students who learned with PBL method and 15 students who learned with lecturing method. The sample for this research was selected by random sampling method. Results: The result showed that the average of student's soft skills score in PBL method was 122.63, while student's soft skills score in lecturing method was 116.27. Discussion & Conclusion: There was significant difference of student's soft skills in PBL method and lecturing method (p value = 0.038; α = 0.05). This study recommends nursing program management, faculty of medicine at the University of Syiah Kuala keeps PBL method running and develops other methods which facilitate hard skills and soft skills are development. Keywords: nursing students, soft skill, PBL

Perbedaan Penggunaan Antikoagulan K2EDTA DAN K3EDTA Terhadap Hasil Pemeriksaan Indeks Eritrosit

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Wahdaniah Wahdaniah ◽  
Sri Tumpuk
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Index Value

Abstract: Routine blood examination is the earliest blood test or screening test to determine the diagnosis of an abnormality. Blood easily froze if it is outside the body and can be prevented by the addition of anticoagulants, one of which Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Currently available vacuum tubes containing EDTA anticoagulants in the form of K2EDTA and K3EDTA. K3EDTA is usually a salt that has better stability than other EDTA salts because it shows a pH approaching a blood pH of about 6.4. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of erythrocyte index results include MCH, MCV and MCHC using K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA. This research is a cross sectional design. This study used venous blood samples mixed with K2EDTA anticoagulant and venous blood mixed with K3EDTA anticoagulants, each of 30 samples. Data were collected and analyzed using paired different test. Based on data analysis that has been done on MCH examination, p value <0,05 then there is a significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value. Then on the examination of MCV and MCHC obtained p value <0.05 then there is no significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value.Abstrak: Pemeriksaan darah rutin merupakan pemeriksaan darah yang paling awal atau screening test untuk mengetahui diagnosis suatu kelainan. Darah mudah membeku jika berada diluar tubuh dan bisa dicegah dengan penambahan antikoagulan, salah satunya Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Dewasa ini telah tersedia tabung vakum yang sudah berisi antikoagulan EDTA dalam bentuk  K2EDTA dan  K3EDTA. K3EDTA  biasanya berupa garam yang mempunyai stabilitas yang lebih baik dari garam EDTA yang lain karena menunjukkan pH yang mendekati pH darah yaitu sekitar 6,4. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil indeks eritrosit meliputi MCH, MCV dan MCHC menggunakan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K2EDTA dan darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA, masing-masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan uji beda berpasangan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilakukan pada pemeriksaan MCH didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit. Kemudian pada pemeriksaan MCV dan MCHC didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit.

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