scholarly journals Worldwide Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer – analysis of the past, present and the future.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Lee ◽  
Zengjian Wang ◽  
Johannes Lang ◽  
Sun Xinyu ◽  
Yao-Ting Sung
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Pancreatic Carcinoma ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Past

Pancreatic carcinoma is being recognized to be responsible for an increasing number of cancer-related deaths, especially in the western world. A deluge of risk factors have been described in the literature. Some of the important ones include smoking, alcohol and metabolic diseases like obesity. It also poses challenges in diagnosis and treatment despite recent advances in diagnostic, surgical and other therapeutic advancements. This is a narrative review of the findings of multiple studies that were retrieved from electronic databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We summarize the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology and various risk factors for the development of pancreatic carcinoma.

Worldwide Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer – analysis of the past, present and the future. (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Smith ◽  
Meghan Hudson ◽  
Victoria Turner Turner ◽  
Craig Border ◽  
Allen Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Pancreatic Carcinoma ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Past

UNSTRUCTURED Pancreatic carcinoma is being recognized to be responsible for an increasing number of cancer-related deaths, especially in the western world. A deluge of risk factors have been described in the literature. Some of the important ones include smoking, alcohol and metabolic diseases like obesity. It also poses challenges in diagnosis and treatment despite recent advances in diagnostic, surgical and other therapeutic advancements. This is a narrative review of the findings of multiple studies that were retrieved from electronic databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We summarize the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology and various risk factors for the development of pancreatic carcinoma.

scholarly journals Worldwide Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer – analysis of the past, present and the future.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Lee ◽  
Zengjian Wang ◽  
Johannes Lang ◽  
Sun Xinyu ◽  
Yao-Ting Sung
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Pancreatic Carcinoma ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Past

Pancreatic carcinoma is being recognized to be responsible for an increasing number of cancer-related deaths, especially in the western world. A deluge of risk factors have been described in the literature. Some of the important ones include smoking, alcohol and metabolic diseases like obesity. It also poses challenges in diagnosis and treatment despite recent advances in diagnostic, surgical and other therapeutic advancements. This is a narrative review of the findings of multiple studies that were retrieved from electronic databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We summarize the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology and various risk factors for the development of pancreatic carcinoma.

scholarly journals Impact of Early Nutrition, Physical Activity and Sleep on the Fetal Programming of Disease in the Pregnancy: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3900
Author(s):  
Jorge Moreno-Fernandez ◽  
Julio J. Ochoa ◽  
Magdalena Lopez-Frias ◽  
Javier Diaz-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Brain Functions

Early programming is the adaptation process by which nutrition and environmental factors alter development pathways during prenatal growth, inducing changes in postnatal metabolism and diseases. The aim of this narrative review, is evaluating the current knowledge in the scientific literature on the effects of nutrition, environmental factors, physical activity and sleep on development pathways. If in utero adaptations were incorrect, this would cause a mismatch between prenatal programming and adulthood. Adequate caloric intake, protein, mineral, vitamin, and long-chain fatty acids, have been noted for their relevance in the offspring brain functions and behavior. Fetus undernutrition/malnutrition causes a delay in growth and have detrimental effects on the development and subsequent functioning of the organs. Pregnancy is a particularly vulnerable period for the development of food preferences and for modifications in the emotional response. Maternal obesity increases the risk of developing perinatal complications and delivery by cesarean section and has long-term implications in the development of metabolic diseases. Physical exercise during pregnancy contributes to overall improved health post-partum. It is also interesting to highlight the relevance of sleep problems during pregnancy, which influence adequate growth and fetal development. Taking into account these considerations, we conclude that nutrition and metabolic factors during early life play a key role of health promotion and public health nutrition programs worldwide to improve the health of the offspring and the health costs of hospitalization.

Homocysteine, Folate, and Cardiovascular Disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ward
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Southern European Countries

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be one of the main causes of mortality in the western world, however approximately only two-thirds of all episodes can be attributed to traditional environmental and genetic risk factors. Over the past decade it has emerged that a moderate elevation in plasma concentrations of the amino acid homocysteine (tHcy) constitutes a risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease in the coronary, cerebral and peripheral vessels. Furthermore, this association is a graded one with no apparent threshold and is independent of, but may enhance the effect of conventional risk factors. Plasma homocysteine is determined by both genetic and nutritional factors. The B-vitamins folate, B-12 and B-6 all play a key role in homocysteine metabolism and in fact it has been proposed that about two-thirds of all cases of hyperhomocysteinemia are due to an inadequate status of one or all of these vitamins. Of the three, folate appears to be the most important determinant and has been shown to significantly lower homocysteine concentration when administered at doses ranging from 0.2 to 10 mg/d in both healthy and hyperhomocysteinemic subjects. There is considerable variation in the rate of CVD mortality between northern and southern European countries. A common dietary element in regions with lower CVD incidence i.e. southern European countries appears to be the higher consumption of fruit and vegetables. In the past this protective effect of fruit and vegetables has been primarily attributed to antioxidants. Fruit and vegetables are however also one of the main sources of folate in the diet, contributing to more than 30% of total dietary folate intake (even in countries where consumption of fruit and vegetables is low). Thus, in light of the evidence that folate may play a role in primary prevention of CVD via homocysteine-lowering the protective effect of fruit and vegetables may be partly explained by folate.

scholarly journals Hypoxia- and MicroRNA-Induced Metabolic Reprogramming of Tumor-Initiating Cells

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pit Ullmann ◽  
Martin Nurmik ◽  
Rubens Begaj ◽  
Serge Haan ◽  
Elisabeth Letellier
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Tumor Hypoxia ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Western World ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cells ◽  
Cell Compartment ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
The Past

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the second most common cause of cancer mortality in the Western world, is a highly heterogeneous disease that is driven by a rare subpopulation of tumorigenic cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells (TICs). Over the past few years, a plethora of different approaches, aimed at identifying and eradicating these self-renewing TICs, have been described. A focus on the metabolic and bioenergetic differences between TICs and less aggressive differentiated cancer cells has thereby emerged as a promising strategy to specifically target the tumorigenic cell compartment. Extrinsic factors, such as nutrient availability or tumor hypoxia, are known to influence the metabolic state of TICs. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge on environmental stress factors and how they affect the metabolism of TICs, with a special focus on microRNA (miRNA)- and hypoxia-induced effects on colon TICs.

Advances in Pediatrics, Vol. IV

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1157
Author(s):  
ROBERT D. GAUCHAT
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
General Review ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Volume ◽  
Therapeutic Recommendations

Seven subjects which have occupied the attention of many clinical and experimental pediatricians during the past few years are reviewed by recognized authorities in the current volume of this series. Stewart H. Clifford has written a lucid discussion of postmaturity, based primarily upon his own clinical experience and summarizing current knowledge of the pathophysiology, treatment and prognosis of postmature infants. Dr. Clifford's therapeutic recommendations should be of interest to practicing pediatricians and obstetricians. Charles A. Janeway and David Gitlin have provided a general review of the chemistry, physiology and clinically recognizable disorders of the metabolism of gamma-globulins, which includes practical guides to diagnosis and treatment.

Diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia as risk factors for frequent pain in the back, neck and/or shoulders/arms among adults in Stockholm 2006 to 2010 – Results from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Javier Pico-Espinosa ◽  
Eva Skillgate ◽  
Giorgio Tettamanti ◽  
Anton Lager ◽  
Lena W. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractBackground and aimsFrequent back, neck and/or shoulder pain (BNSP) are common conditions which pose high burden for the society. Results from previous studies suggest that diabetes and hyperlipidaemia may be associated with a higher risk of getting such conditions, but there is in general, few studies based on longitudinal designs. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the risk of developing frequent BNSP in men and women with and without diabetes and/or hyperlipidaemia.MethodsA longitudinal study based on the Stockholm Public Health Cohort was conducted based on subjects aged 45–84, who were free from pain at the mentioned sites in 2006 and followed up until 2010. The data in the current study is based on questionnaires, except socioeconomic status which was derived from Statistics Sweden. The exposure diabetes and hyperlipidaemia was self-reported and, a categorical variable was created; without any of the conditions, with hyperlipidaemia only, with diabetes only and with both conditions. The outcome frequent BNSP was defined using the following questions in the questionnaire in 2010: “During the past 6 months, have you had pain in the neck or upper part of the back?”, “During the past 6 months, have you had pain in the lower back?”, and “During the past 6 months, have you had pain in the shoulders/arms?”. All questions had three possible response options: no; yes, a couple of days per month or less often and; yes, a couple of days per week or more often. Those who reported weekly pain to at least one of these questions were considered to having frequent BNSP. Binomial regressions were run to calculate the crude and adjusted risk ratio (RR) in men and women separately. Additional analysis was performed in order to control for potential bias derived from individuals lost to follow-up.ResultsA total of 10,044 subjects fulfilled the criteria to be included in the study. The mean age of the sample was 60 years and evenly distributed by sex. After adjusting for age, body mass index, physical activity, high blood pressure and socioeconomic status, the RR for frequent BNSP among men with diabetes was 1.64 (95% CI: 1.23–2.18) and 1.19 (95% CI: 0.98–1.44) for hyperlipidaemia compared to men with neither diabetes nor hyperlipidaemia. Among women the corresponding RRs were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.60–1.14) and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.03–1.46). Having both diabetes and hyperlipidaemia at baseline was not associated with increased risk of frequent BNSP. Diabetes and hyperlipidaemia seems to be associated with an increased risk for frequent BNSP and the risk may differ between men and women. Behaviours and/or biological underlying mechanisms may explain the results.ConclusionsThis study suggests that metabolic diseases such as diabetes and hyperlipidaemia may have an impact on the pathophysiology of frequent BNSP and thus, contributes to the knowledge in musculoskeletal health. Furthermore, it confirms that men and women may differ in terms of risk factors for BNSP.ImplicationsHealth professionals should contemplate the results from this study when planning primary prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Pancreatic Cancer: A Review of Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153303382096211
Author(s):  
ZhiYu Zhao ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Free System

This review aims to summarize the latest knowledge on factors, diagnosis, and treatment of pancreatic cancer, and aims to promote further research on this under-studied malignant tumor. At present, we urgently need to identify high-risk patients with precancerous diseases through screening approaches, so that medical professionals and the general public may better understand prevention strategies or early detection measures. Pancreatic cancer is a highly invasive malignant tumor with a fatal risk, mainly seen in men and older adults (60-85 years old). Pancreatic cancer is now increasingly observed in young patients. Because the disease has no early symptoms and can quickly invade surrounding tissues and organs, it is one of the deadliest cancers. With a view to identify the important factors for the development of pancreatic cancer, previous studies have found that smoking, alcohol, and chronic pancreatitis are considered high-risk factors. Recent studies have shown that abnormal metabolism of human microorganisms, blood type, and glucose and lipid levels are also important factors in the development of pancreatic cancer. Identifying early diagnosis options is an important way to improve detection and survival rates of pancreatic cancer. None of the many tumor markers associated with pancreatic cancer are highly specific, which also indicates further research is required to improve the early detection rate. Future directions in terms of treatment evaluating the relationship between the microbiology-free system and immunotherapy will bring a major breakthrough and is expected to bring exciting clinical applications in improving the life-cycle of pancreatic cancer patients.

scholarly journals Impact of HPV in Oropharyngeal Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Marklund ◽  
Lalle Hammarstedt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Western World ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Distinct Subset

The incidence of oropharyngeal cancers has increased in the western world and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been recognised as a risk factor in the last decades. During the same period the prevalence of HPV in oropharyngeal tumours has increased and HPV has been suggested responsible for the increase. The HPV-positive tumours are today recognized as a distinct subset of head and neck cancers with its own clinopathological and risk profile and have a significantly improved prognosis regardless of treatment strategy. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding human papillomavirus biology, oncogenic mechanisms, risk factors, and impact of treatment.

scholarly journals Outcome Impacts Due to Pathogen-Specific Antimicrobial Resistance: A Narrative Review of Published Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1395
Author(s):  
Tingting Jiang ◽  
Xiang-Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Global Threat

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global threat to not only public health impacts but also clinical and economic outcomes. During the past decades, there have been many studies focusing on surveillance, mechanisms, and diagnostics of AMR in infectious diseases but the impacts on public health, clinical and economic outcomes due to emergence of these AMRs are rarely studied and reported. This review was aimed to summarize the findings from published studies to report the outcome impacts due to AMR of malaria, tuberculosis and HIV and briefly discuss the implications for application to other infectious diseases. PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar databases were used for search of empirical and peer-reviewed papers reporting public health, clinical and economic outcomes due to AMR of malaria, tuberculosis and HIV. Papers published through 1 December 2019 were included in this review. A total of 76 studies were included for this review, including 16, 49 and 11 on public health, clinical and economic outcomes, respectively. The synthesized data indicated that the emergence and spread of AMR of malaria, tuberculosis and HIV have resulted in adverse public health, clinical and economic outcomes. AMR of malaria, tuberculosis and HIV results in significant adverse impacts on public health, clinical and economic outcomes. Evidence from this review suggests the needs to consider the similar studies for other infectious diseases.

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