scholarly journals MIGRATION OF TOXIC METALS FROM VEGETABLE WASTE IN COMPOST

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
T.V. SHEVCHUK ◽  
N.F. DOROSHKEVICH
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Fallen Leaves

The article presents the results of studies of the heavy metals transformation from the raw plant materials (dry leaf, lawn grass, vegetable wastes) in the process of composting using the Californian worm. It is known that in cities during the growing season, a large number of fallen leaves is accumulated. It is a valuable raw material for fuel production; it is an excellent thermal insulator, it is considered to be a good mulch and can be recycled. We have developed a humus technology based on vegetable waste (fallen leaves) with the help of a Californian worm. Before composting, the concentration of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, copper and zinc) was determined in foliage collected from the streets of Vinnitsa. Analyzes showed that the background of these metals in plant waste did not exceed the maximum permissible norms. It has been experimentally proved that composting involves the conversion of heavy metals from fallen leaves to the body of the Californian worm and removing them as insoluble components in the lower compass. In addition, it has been experimentally established that during the composting period various heavy metals showed uneven migration and transformation in a soluble form. The most active was adsorption and removal of zinc compost. It was found that humic water-soluble compounds convert more than 78% of the total zinc that was contained in the composted substrate. The least mobile compound was lead. However, even such a metal, as lead, during 150 days of composting by the California worm, turned into 40% soluble form and migrated to the lower layers of humic liquids. Thus, the processing of vegetable waste from cities (fallen leaves, lawn grass, garbage disposal, etc.) by composting using growing worms will not only solve the social problem of utilization, but will also contribute to increasing environmental safety and economic efficiency. Key words: heavy metals, transformation, California worms, compost, vegetable waste, utilization.

scholarly journals Modeling the Formation of Liposomes with Vinpocetine from Soy Lecithin Phospholipids by Molecular Dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Polkovnikova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Soy Lecithin ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Medicinal Substances ◽  
Coarse Grained Molecular Dynamics

Introduction. Liposomal preparations have the following advantages: they protect body cells from the toxic effects of drugs; prolong the action of the drug introduced into the body; protect medicinal substances from degradation; promote the manifestation of targeted specificity due to selective penetration from blood into tissues; change the pharmacokinetics of drugs, increasing their pharmacological effectiveness; allow you to create a water-soluble form of a number of medicinal substances, thereby increasing their bioavailability. The development of liposomal forms of vinpocetine is highly relevant. Currently, when developing the composition of liposomal forms, molecular modeling methods are widely used, which are a convenient method for predicting both the properties of the membranes themselves and aspects of the interaction of membranes with small molecules or proteins.Aim. The aim of this study is to model the process of liposome assembly from soy lecithin phospholipids in the presence of vinpocetine by the molecular dynamics method; as well as predicting the distribution of vinpocetine between the internal cavity of the liposome, the phospholipid membrane, and the dispersion medium based on the simulation results.Materials and methods. To simulate the process of liposome formation, the method of coarse-grained molecular dynamics in a Martini 2.2 force field was used using the Gromacs 2016.4 program. The assembly of the simulated system - a solution of soy lecithin phospholipids in water was performed using the Internet service Charmm-GUI-> Inputgenerator-> Martinimaker-> Randombuilder.Results and discussion. The results of molecular modeling showed that the vinpocetine molecules did not penetrate into the liposome, but were adsorbed on its surface. This is due to the low solubility of vipocetin in the hydrophobic medium of the soy lecithin liposome membrane.Conclusion. It was shown that the minimum diameter of a liposome formed from purified soy lecithin is 15.3 nm. Vinpocetine does not penetrate into liposomes from purified soy lecithin, but is adsorbed on the outer surface of their membrane. The surface excess in this case, according to the results of modeling coarse-grained molecular dynamics at a temperature of 298 K in an alcohol-water medium, is 1.2 • 10-7 mol/m2.

scholarly journals Landscape-geochemical preconditions and regularities of toxic elements distribution on “Oleshkivski pisky” military training site territory

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
A. Splodytel
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Training Site ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
The Military

It is characterized main features of landscape-geochemical structure of “Oleshkivski pisky” military range. It is analysed special aspects of military training activity influence on the of soils and plants contamination level with heavy metals. Sampling scheme for studying of heavy metals migration features, with respect to landscape structure of the territory is substantiated. Special features of heavy metals distribution in soils at different distances from firing positions within military range have been determined. It is investigated distribution and accumulation of I and II danger class heavy metals in soil and vegetational cover of the military training site. The regularities of spatial distribution of mobile and potentially accessible forms of heavy metals are determined. It was defined that content of heavy metals in three movable forms are represented in the following geochemical units, mg/kg: in acid soluble form – Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > V > Ni > Co > Cd; in exchangeable form – Mn > Zn > Pb > V > Co = Ni > Cu > Cd; in water soluble form – Mn > Zn > Pb = V > Co > Ni > Cd > Cu. It is presented studies results on accumulation intensity and the nature of distribution of gross and mobile heavy metals forms in soil space and on their migration in the soil profile. The dominant technogenic geochemical unit was extracted: Cd > Hg > Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > V > Co > Mn. Landscapes with maximum polyelement contamination have been identified. Landscape-geochemical map of “Oleshkivski pisky” military training site territory was drawn, relying on own field and experimental materials. Migration dynamics of Ni, Zn, Cu, V, Pb and other heavy metals mobile forms in the soil profile of soddy underdeveloped sandy soil during 2015–2019 under impact contamination levels has been determinated. The peculiarities of heavy metals mobile forms absorption in typical plant species of the military range territory during 2015–2019 vegetation periods were clarified.

scholarly journals Природні детоксиканти в раціоні та їх вплив на продуктивність і якість продуктів забою свиней на відгодівлі

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
L.S. Dyachenko ◽  
T.L. Syvyc ◽  
O.M. Tytariova ◽  
O.A. Kuzmenko ◽  
V.V. Bilkevich
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Beet Pulp

<p> </p><p>Among the pollutants one of the main factor is heavy metals. Cadmium, a typical representative of this group has a very toxic effect on both the animal and the human. It is not involved in the vital processes of living organisms. Instead, exceeding the maximum permissible levels of cadmium has negative affects on animal, and accumulation in the tissues, is a threat to human life - the consumer of animal products. The results of research show efficiency of dry apple pulp and dry beet pulp as natural detoxicant of heavy metals, including cadmium, in the body of young pigs. Experimentally proved that the cadmium content in complete feed with the maximum permissible level (1 mg/kg) predetermined decrease of average daily gain of pigs experimental group, compared with the control, by 10.8% and increase of feed conversion by 9.8%. The introduction to the mixed fodder of dry apple pulp (45 g/kg) or dry beet pulp (45 g/kg) with of the same cadmium content contributed that the productivity of animals, the cost of feed for 1 kg of growth, slaughter weight, carcass yield, weight mascara and economic efficiency of fattening young pigs approaching to the level of control. In addition, the use of dry apple pulp and dry beet pulp as natural forage detoxicant in diets of young pigs helps significantly (P &lt;0.05-0.001), reduction of heavy metals, including cadmium in products of slaughter (meat, bacon, liver, kidney, heart), which increases their purity, environmental safety and competitiveness.</p>

Innovative Approaches to the Management of Commercial and Economic Activities of Environmental Enterprise - “Spicy Pack”

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1664
Author(s):  
Valentyna ARANCHIY ◽  
Ilona YASNOLOB ◽  
Nataliia DEMIANENKO ◽  
Oleksandr BEZKROVNYI ◽  
Olena MYKHAILOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Material Type ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Innovative Approaches

The comparison of eco-friendliness of paper packaging materials from wood and alternative raw materials (straw, fallen leaves, etc.) with polyethylene packaging was made. The analysis was conducted according to the following criteria: consumption of raw materials, electricity, rubbish formation, and price of selling products. Advantages and drawbacks of each raw material type were characterized. It has been mentioned that polymers make a considerable and increasing part in manufacturing packaging materials. The prospects of producing paper bags from leaves and their sales prices were analyzed. The terms of degradation of packages made from different materials were analyzed. The conclusion has been made that paper from fallen leaves is not cheap, but it is important considering its environmental safety.  SWOT analysis of “Spicy pack” enterprise’s activity was analyzed (it will be engaged in manufacturing spicy packages for food products from innovative raw materials). The expediency of making spicy packages for food products was substantiated. In particular, ‘Spicy pack” logo consisting of only eco-paper (made from fallen leaves) and spices was suggested. Such packaging will help prolong 4 times food products’ suitability.  Such spices as cloves, rosemary, oregano, curcuma, and sage having antiseptic properties will be added to packages and napkins. These products will be reused for two-three weeks, then spices vanish, and the paper can be processed.

scholarly journals Glazing effect for producing environmentally friendly ceramics for cladding applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Pavlycheva ◽  
Evgeniy Pikalov ◽  
Oleg Selivanov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Charge Composition ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Pressing Pressure ◽  
Electroplating Sludge ◽  
Environmentally Safe

This paper presents results of comparative studies of environmental safety of ceramic materials, based on a low-plasticity clay with the introduction of galvanic sludge, boric acid and titanium dioxide in 3 different combinations. The experimental samples were manufactured under 15 MPa pressing pressure and at the maximum firing temperature of 1050 oC. Prior to the toxicological experiments, diurnal extracts of the materials into the model neutral and acidic media were obtained. The toxicological safety was determined by using the Daphnia mortality method, and by comparing the maximum permissible concentrations of heavy metals for drinking and household water with the heavy metals? concentrations in diurnal extracts. The presented data show that the combined introduction of all the investigated additives results in the glazing effect of ceramic particles surfaces so that an environmentally safe material can be produced that exhibits sufficiently high-performance properties. The use of low-plastic clay and electroplating sludge expands the raw material base for producing ceramics and allows the disposal of environmentally hazardous compounds of heavy metals contained in electroplating sludge. Ceramic materials based on the developed charge composition can be used for producing items for external cladding for buildings and structures.

scholarly journals QUALITY CHARACTERIZATION OF MADHUYASHTI GHRITA

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Meda Mruthyumjaya Rao ◽  
P. Hemant Kumar ◽  
Purnendu Panda ◽  
Sangeeta Mukhi ◽  
Anindya Bose
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Semi Solid

Madhuyashti Ghrita, is an Ayurvedic medicated ghee preparation containing Yashtimadhu. It is used for treating external ulcers and wounds in vital points of the body. However, there is no quality monograph available for Madhuyashti Ghrita. Hence, the present work was carried out to characterize this Ghrita to confirm its identity, quality and purity. This work reported various pharmacognostic and physicochemical parameters of Madhuyashti Ghrita along with its TLC based rapid fingerprinting as per the present standards of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Moreover, the presence of toxic contaminants like heavy metals, and microbial load were also evaluated. In organoleptic evaluation, the Ghrita was found to be semi–solid and dark yellow in colour, sweet and bitter in taste with a characteristic and pleasant odour. The values of the physicochemical parameters such as acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, refractive index, rancidity and pH value of the Ghrita were also assed. In the microscopical analysis of the rhizomes of Yashtimadhu, the presence of pitted vessels, fibres, prismatic crystals and starch grains were noted as a confirmation characteristic for the genuinely of this raw material in Madhuyashti Ghrita. The amount of heavy metals such arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper and chromium as well as total bacterial count and total fungal count were found to be much below their API limits. The TLC showed different characteristic spots indicating the presence of Yashtimadhu in this product. The parameters of Madhuyashti Ghrita presented in this paper may be utilized for preparing a quality monograph for this product.

scholarly journals Removal of Toxic Metals from the Body of Cows by Using Antidote Substances, with its Impact on Milk Productivity and Environmental Safety of Agroecosystems around the Industrial City in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 154-177
Author(s):  
Serhii Portiannyk ◽  
◽  
Oleksii Mamenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Experimental Group

Toxic metals like Cd and Pb pose the greatest ecological threat to ecosystems, especially in and around the industrial cities. Four farms located around Kharkiv industrial city were chosen for scientific experiments carried out on cows feeding specially developed antidote (mineral-vitamin premix "MP-A") and subcutaneous injection of biologically active preparation "BP-9". These novelty products enhanced the urinary excretion of heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn while ensuring the production of high quality environmentally safe milk. The toxicants are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood, travel across the body, accumulate in organs and tissues, and pass through urine and milk. The accumulation of Cd in the blood of tested cows in control group was, on average, from 77.94 to 101.20 nmol/L, and of Pb from 4.63 to 8.32 μmol/L. The transfer of Cd from blood to urine was, on average, 1.7%-2.0%, and of Pb 5.4-7.3%. The antidote substances contributed to the exacerbation of heavy metal extermination from the body of animals and the restoration of its homeostasis. The transfer of Cd from blood to urine averaged 3.9% to 9.5% and of Pb 37.7% to 103.5% in second experimental group of cows. The same for Cd was 7.1% to 12.7% and for Pb was 70.7% to 144.1% in third experimental group. The mineral-vitamin premix and biopreparation BP-9 blocked absorption of the pollutants into the gastrointestinal tract, strengthened the protective effects on organs, and facilitated the elimination of heavy metals through urine. Dairy productivity of animals also increased in cows of the second and third experimental groups by 17-22 kg per day compared to the control group having 14 kg per day (P<0.01).

scholarly journals Quality Numerical Indicators of Raw Materials of Sanguisorba Officinalis L. Growing on Overburden Dumps of Kuzbass Coal Surface Mines

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Natalya Egorova ◽  
Irina Egorova ◽  
Elena Maltseva ◽  
Andrey Sukhikh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Sanguisorba Officinalis ◽  
Overburden Dumps

Medicinal plant materials quality assessment of the Sanguisorba officinalis L. growing on the Kedrovsky coal mine dumps in Kemerovo region is given. The analysis of obtained burnet raw material quality indicators (moisture, total ash, insoluble in hydrochloric acid, quantitative content of tannins, heavy metals, radionuclides) showed that this vegetable raw material match with the requirements of PhI.2.5.0078.18 “Sanguisorba officinalis L. rhizome and roots”. Tannins average content in the burnet rhizomes and roots was 15.708 ± 0.307%, which is within the normal range (up to 14%). It was found that the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) content does not exceed the MPC adopted for medicinal plant raw materials (G.Ph.A.5.5.000.0009.15). The obtained indicators for the artificial radionuclides (Cs-137, Sr-90) content showed that their quantity in the raw material is also within the normal range and their actual content is several times less than the normalized one. From the point of radiological safety view the studied raw materials are not dangerous since they accumulate 0.36% Sr-90 and 0.42% Cs-137 from the levels established by regulatory documentation. Therefore, the burnet medicinal plant raw material harvested at the Kedrovsky open-pit coal mine on the territory of waste dump does not represent a danger to human health.

EFFECTS OF DEXAMETHASONE, PREDNISOLONE AND CORTISOL ON THE MAST CELLS AND TISSUE EOSINOPHILS IN RAT GASTRIC MUCOSA

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toimi Räsänen
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Mast Cell Degranulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Tissue Eosinophilia ◽  
Mucosal Mast Cells ◽  
Rat Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Intact Rats

ABSTRACT Intact rats were injected intramuscularly at 8-hourly intervals with equal amounts, 6×1.0 mg, of dexamethasone (16α-methyl-9α-fluoro-prednisolone) as phosphate, prednisolone (11β,17,21-trihydroxy-pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione) and cortisol (11β,17,21-trihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) both as succinates, all three in water soluble form. The rats were decapitated 4 hours after the last injection and the mucosal mast cells and tissue eosinophilic cells in the body mucosa of the glandular stomach counted. Calculation of the mast cell degranulation and the destruction of tissue eosinophils during the experiment gave the following degranulation coefficients for the degranulation of gastric mucosal mast cells: 0.541 for dexamethasone, 0.177 for prednisolone and 0.088 for cortisol. The corresponding destruction coefficients for the loss of tissue eosinophilia were 0.858, 0.156 and 0.124. It is suggested that the degranulation and destruction coefficients obtained in the investigation are correlated with the catabolic biological activity of the glucocorticoids.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of Artemisia argyi on the germination and growth of various weeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxin Li ◽  
Le Chen ◽  
Qiaohuan Chen ◽  
Yuhuan Miao ◽  
Zheng Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Artemisia Argyi ◽  
Germination And Growth

AbstractAllelopathy means that one plant produces chemical substances to affect the growth and development of other plants. Usually, allelochemicals can stimulate or inhibit the germination and growth of plants, which have been considered as potential strategy for drug development of environmentally friendly biological herbicides. Obviously, the discovery of plant materials with extensive sources, low cost and markedly allelopathic effect will have far-reaching ecological impacts as the biological herbicide. At present, a large number of researches have already reported that certain plant-derived allelochemicals can inhibit weed growth. In this study, the allelopathic effect of Artemisia argyi was investigated via a series of laboratory experiments and field trial. Firstly, water-soluble extracts exhibited the strongest allelopathic inhibitory effects on various plants under incubator conditions, after the different extracts authenticated by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Then, the allelopathic effect of the A. argyi was systematacially evaluated on the seed germination and growth of Brassica pekinensis, Lactuca sativa, Oryza sativa, Portulaca oleracea, Oxalis corniculata and Setaria viridis in pot experiments, it suggested that the A. argyi could inhibit both dicotyledons and monocotyledons not only by seed germination but also by seedling growth. Furthermore, field trial showed that the A. argyi significantly inhibited the growth of weeds in Chrysanthemum morifolium field with no adverse effect on the growth of C. morifolium. At last, RNA-Seq analysis and key gene detection analysis indicated that A.argyi inhibited the germination and growth of weed via multi-targets and multi-paths while the inhibiting of chlorophyll synthesis of target plants was one of the key mechanisms. In summary, the A. argyi was confirmed as a potential raw material for the development of preventive herbicides against various weeds in this research. Importantly, this discovery maybe provide scientific evidence for the research and development of environmentally friendly herbicides in the future.

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