Development of complex adsorbent of mycotoxins BIOTOKS

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Oleg Yu. Chernykh ◽  
◽  
Petr A. Krasochko ◽  
Irina A. Krasochko ◽  
Aleksey I. Albulov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Mycotoxin Adsorbent ◽  
Capacity Data ◽  
Inorganic Components

Summary. Mycotoxins are secondary low molecular weight metabolites of micromycetes. These compounds most often contaminate feed and products of plant and animal origin. More than 400 mycotoxins have been described, of which 47 are highly toxic. For the prevention of mycotoxicosis of farm animals and poultry in the process of intensive management of animal husbandry, organic, inorganic and complex mycotoxin adsorbents are used. The complexity of adsorption of secondary metabolites of micromycetes is caused by the heterogeneous physicochemical properties of both the mycotoxins (molecular polarity, molecular weight, etc.) and adsorbents. We investigated the general sorption capacities of organic and inorganic components for designing the mycotoxin adsorbent and the «Biotox» complex mycotoxin adsorbent, as well as the degree of adsorption and desorption of regulated mycotoxins when interacting with some modifications of chitosan. As a result of the research, it was found that chitosan succinate (150.13 ± 0.17) and spirulina (142.12 ± 0.10) have the highest total sorption capacity. When determining the level of adsorption of regulated mycotoxins, it was established that all modifications of chitosan effectively bind toxic metabolites of micromycetes. However, based on the results of studies of the total sorption capacity, data on the sorption and desorption of mycotoxins and the dynamics of the processes, chitosan succinate has the best performance. To construct the complex adsorbent of mycotoxins, we used: Tripoli (as a mineral component), chiosan succinate (as an organic adsorbent and at the same time as a prebiotic), lacto-and bifidobacteria to restore the intestinal microflora in mycotoxicosis. Adsorbents with different contents of modified chitosan were developed: 3% and 10%, with a total sorption capacity of 30.04 ± 0.02 mg / g. and 91.3 ± 0.05 mg / g. respectively.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF SPRING BARLEY VARIETIES BY QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF PROTEIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Ирина Ганиева ◽  
Irina Ganieva ◽  
Василий Блохин ◽  
Vasiliy Blokhin ◽  
Игорь Сержанов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
State Register ◽  
High Molecular Weight Proteins

To provide a protein-balanced diet for farm animals, a large amount of concentrated feed is included in the feed ration. In our region, spring barley is the main crop. This is due to the fact that barley grain compared with other types of grain provides a relatively large yield of livestock products. In recent years, with the inclusion of breeding varieties in the State Register simultaneously with indicators of grain yield of spring barley, attention is paid to the yield of protein per unit area of crops of this crop. Under the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan, providing a stably increased protein yield per 1 hectare of crops, regardless of the weather conditions of the year, the varieties are Kamashevsky, Vakula, Rakhat, Gelios. Along with the amount of protein in the grain of barley for animal husbandry, its quality indicators of protein are important, which is expressed by the ratio of low and high molecular weight proteins. To improve the efficiency of livestock production, agricultural enterprises specializing in the production of pork, it is desirable to cultivate varieties of spring barley with more low molecular weight proteins in the grain. Such varieties are Kamashevsky and Gelios. For agricultural producers engaged in milk production, it is better to cultivate the Rakhat and Timerkhan spring barley varieties, in the grain of which a high proportion is occupied by high-molecular-weight proteins.

scholarly journals Current state and trends of development of agricultural enterprises specializing in livestock in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Maryna POLENKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Current State ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Economic Mechanisms

The paper describes the current state of the livestock industry and the problems that accompany it. The volumes of cultivation and sale for slaughter of farm animals, as well as the volumes of production of milk, eggs, wool, honey are analyzed. Significant structural changes during 2000-2019 in meat production by agricultural enterprises were revealed. The clustering of regions of Ukraine under similar conditions of development of the enterprises of the agricultural sector specializing in animal husbandry is carried out. According to the results of the analysis, 4 clusters were identified, which gave rise to the possibility of forming (developing) joint effective organizational and economic mechanisms to intensify the development of livestock enterprises, favorable for implementation within the cluster. Sustainable development of agriculture, including livestock, is essential to reduce poverty and ensure food security and nutrition, designed to meet the growing demand of the world's growing population for safe and guaranteed affordable food of animal origin, which is grown in compliance with increasingly stringent requirements, while protecting the environment. In the process of this study, attention is focused on the development trends of enterprises specializing in animal husbandry. The current state of the livestock industry is characterized by a number of problems, manifested in the following: – imbalance in the development of the agricultural sector: livestock significantly lags behind in terms of development compared to the crop sector; – low level of commodity production: the share of households in the production of livestock products, especially in the livestock sector, remains decisive; – low investment attractiveness: high cost of money in combination with a long payback period constrains investment in the development of the industry; – Insufficient level of consumption: consumption of meat and dairy products per 1 person is lower than reasonable norms; – a threatening epizootic situation: the spread of African swine fever threatens the entire pig industry. The application of multifactor statistical (cluster) analysis made it possible to group the regions of Ukraine under similar conditions for the development of agricultural enterprises specializing in animal husbandry. This provides opportunities for the formation (development) of joint effective organizational and economic mechanisms to enhance the development of livestock enterprises, favorable for implementation within each cluster (subject to the specifics of each region).

scholarly journals Multiresistant Bacteria Isolated from Intestinal Faeces of Farm Animals in Austria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Herbert Galler ◽  
Josefa Luxner ◽  
Christian Petternel ◽  
Franz F. Reinthaler ◽  
Juliana Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

In recent years, antibiotic-resistant bacteria with an impact on human health, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-containing Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), have become more common in food. This is due to the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, which leads to the promotion of antibiotic resistance and thus also makes food a source of such resistant bacteria. Most studies dealing with this issue usually focus on the animals or processed food products to examine the antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study investigated the intestine as another main habitat besides the skin for multiresistant bacteria. For this purpose, faeces samples were taken directly from the intestines of swine (n = 71) and broiler (n = 100) during the slaughter process and analysed. All samples were from animals fed in Austria and slaughtered in Austrian slaughterhouses for food production. The samples were examined for the presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, MRSA, MRCoNS and VRE. The resistance genes of the isolated bacteria were detected and sequenced by PCR. Phenotypic ESBL-producing Escherichia coli could be isolated in 10% of broiler casings (10 out of 100) and 43.6% of swine casings (31 out of 71). In line with previous studies, the results of this study showed that CTX-M-1 was the dominant ESBL produced by E. coli from swine (n = 25, 83.3%) and SHV-12 from broilers (n = 13, 81.3%). Overall, the frequency of positive samples with multidrug-resistant bacteria was lower than in most comparable studies focusing on meat products.

Preparation of the copper-containing metallogels based on chitosan for biomedical and agricultural applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
A. A. Vikhrov ◽  
◽  
V. P. Zubov ◽  
S. Yu. Zaytsev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Polymer Complexes ◽  
Promising Alternative

It is well-known, due to the geological features in a number of regions of the Russian Federation, there may be a shortage of certain microelements and other important “nutrients” in animal diets. The main approach to solve this problem is to use special feed additives. At present, preparations based on organic sources, for example, metal-polymer complexes, are considered a promising alternative. The purpose of this study is to develop an improved method for preparation of the copper-containing polysaccharide complexes and to study their most important parameters. Using CuCl2 as an example, it was shown that the formation of chitosan hydrogels is possible without the usage of potentially hazardous cross-linking agents (for example, glutaraldehyde) or polyvalent anions (for example, SO4 2–), which provide non-covalent cross-linking of chitosan due to electrostatic interactions with NH3 + in its composition. It was found that, upon frontal «gelation» of a 2% chitosan solution (MM 400±100 kDa) in acetic acid (1 vol%), the formation of stable metal gels is observed provided that the content of CuCl2 and ethanol in the precipitant solution is more than 40 mg/ml or more than 24 vol.%, respectively (Vchitosan = Vprecipitant). The obtained complexes are stable in aqueous-alcoholic solutions and swell in water up to destruction (pH 5,5). After additional treatment with an aqueous 1,5% ammonia solution, complexes practically do not swell in solutions with ≥ pH 5,5 (at least τ = 6 days) and dissolve at pH ≤ 4,2. Thus, the use of these complexes is able to provide the release of Cu2 + not in the rumen (pH 6,3–7,2), but in the abomasum (pH ~ 3), which can increase the bioavailability of copper. The development of an improved method for obtaining metal-polysaccharide complexes in a gel form that does not contain «ballast» (in terms of nutritional value and physiology of farm animals) anions (for example, SO4 2–) opens up new opportunities for the development of highly effective feed additives for animal husbandry.

scholarly journals Concepts for Developing Physical Gels of Chitosan and of Chitosan Derivatives

Gels ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Sacco ◽  
Franco Furlani ◽  
Gaia de Marzo ◽  
Eleonora Marsich ◽  
Sergio Paoletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Chitosan Derivatives ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Degree Of Acetylation ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
Biomedical Field

Chitosan macro- and micro/nano-gels have gained increasing attention in recent years, especially in the biomedical field, given the well-documented low toxicity, degradability, and non-immunogenicity of this unique biopolymer. In this review we aim at recapitulating the recent gelling concepts for developing chitosan-based physical gels. Specifically, we describe how nowadays it is relatively simple to prepare networks endowed with different sizes and shapes simply by exploiting physical interactions, namely (i) hydrophobic effects and hydrogen bonds—mostly governed by chitosan chemical composition—and (ii) electrostatic interactions, mainly ensured by physical/chemical chitosan features, such as the degree of acetylation and molecular weight, and external parameters, such as pH and ionic strength. Particular emphasis is dedicated to potential applications of this set of materials, especially in tissue engineering and drug delivery sectors. Lastly, we report on chitosan derivatives and their ability to form gels. Additionally, we discuss the recent findings on a lactose-modified chitosan named Chitlac, which has proved to form attractive gels both at the macro- and at the nano-scale.

scholarly journals Adsorption of tetracycline by a tailor- made adsorbent in aqueous system

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Adelagun Ruth Olubukola Ajoke ◽  
Neelam Yadav ◽  
Ajar Nath Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Aqueous System ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Input Concentration ◽  
Modified Chitosan

Tetracyclines are frequently used antibiotics for growth promotion and therapeutic pharmaceuticals both by humans and animal husbandry, and commonly encountered in municipal wastewater treatment plants and in the environment in their active form. This implies their continuous release into the environment may facilitate toxic effects both on humans and the environment including development of resistance strains, among others. This research was focused on the synthesis, characterisation and assessment of a tailor- made adsorbent: modified chitosan flakes, using several materials for the modification of chitosan to enhance its sorption properties thereby facilitating a higher percentage of TC removal from a synthetic pharmaceutical wastewater. TC adsorption onto the modified chitosan flakes was relatively fast (equilibrium time = 2h). Sorption studies revealed that TC removal by the adsorbent followed pseudo second order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm models. At higher TC input concentration, the amount of TC removed was also higher, this implied the sorption was concentration dependent. Insight into mechanism of sorption revealed cation exchange was an active means of interaction between the adsorbate and adsorbents moieties.

scholarly journals Current state and development trends of livestock in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
S. M. Yessengaliyeva ◽  
M. A. Mansurova ◽  
A. D. Makhmudov ◽  
L. V. Fedorchenko
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to the study and analysis of the current state of the animal husbandry industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of regions. The indicators of the dynamics of the number of livestock of farm animals for the period 2015-2019 by regions, indicators of productivity in the industry, indicators of the volume of production of meat products are analyzed. The dynamics and structure of costs in the country’s livestock industry are also considered.Today, one of the most pressing problems in the development of the agro-industrial complex is the low level of labor productivity due to low automation and digitalization of technological processes. The need to meet the demand for livestock products in the domestic market of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as to increase its export resources, poses a challenge for Kazakhstani science and practice to develop, scientifically substantiate and master modern technologies for the production of low-cost, environmentally friendly, competitive products of the industry. They should be resource-saving, aimed at maximizing the use and improvement of the genetic potential of farmed farm animals, adapted to the specific natural and economic conditions of the regions of the republic. The development and mastering of such technologies will make it possible to weaken the negative impact of the industry on the environment, reduce the cost of material resources, and effectively use the available land and water resources [5].The main problems hindering the effective development of the country’s livestock industry are identified. The promising strategic directions for the development of this industry have been determined. From the point of view of experts of the financial organization, the country has good potential and opportunities to export its beef and pork to China, and the lamb of the Edilbay sheep breed to the countries of the Middle East.

scholarly journals Worth of Artificial Intelligence in the Epoch of Modern Livestock Farming: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavna Aharwal ◽  
Biswajit Roy ◽  
Somesh Meshram ◽  
Aayush Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Measuring Device

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a human intelligence in machine encountered daily and impacts our lives. It is expected that the use of such technology in the livestock industry will automate the livestock processes and easy to manage. Biometric identification plays a key role in artificial intelligence which shows the individual identity, helps in the process of insurance and claim leakages, continue monitoring of farm animal is essential can be done with new technologies. Infra red temperature measurement camera is the newly added technology with sensor system in (AI). It is a temperature measuring device in the form of electromagnetic waves and the infrared radiation intensity. AI system consists of agent, sensor, actuators and effectors which are connected to cloud. It helps in the detection of estrus, animal diseases, body condition score and various physiological parameters using video surveillance data collection method. Artificial neural network is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) which is based on a collection of connected units or nodes called artificial neurons and stored in a central database system. Sustainable economic future of dairy farms and to achieve 100% compliance rate. Modern dairy farms uses robotic system to deliver vaccines, machine milking and measurement of feed as per individual performance of the animal. AI analyzes the animal origin food quality traceability method from farm to fork. AI helps in the complete mechanized animal husbandry right from the birth of animal to production and food product. The future of AI in animal sector is not predictable, but advantages and daily increasing demand of AI over other sector will ensure future in animal sector as well.

scholarly journals Animals in the legal culture of Prussian towns (the 13th–16th centuries): An overview

2019 ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Paweł Mateusz Modrzyński
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Household Appliances

Animals were a permanent element in the landscape of medieval towns. Many residents of the then urban centres lived of animal husbandry. In addition to farm animals (e.g. pigs), they kept domestic animals (e.g. dogs and cats) as well as wild animals. The latter often sought food in garbage and suburbs. Such animals were also kept for entertainment. Authorities of Prussian towns regulated many issues related to the functioning of towns, including those concerning animal husbandry. Animals could pose a threat to the health and life of residents. They were also considered to be pests that destroy crops, orchards, and household appliances. The legislation of the period was focused on determining guilt for crimes and offenses committed by animals. Either an animal, treated as an entity responsible for the harmful act, or its owner was blamed for the misconducts. The presence of animals, especially livestock, was considered to be the cause of considerable sanitary problems in towns, mainly due to animal waste. Town authorities regulated issues concerning cattle herding and grazing. The care over the herd was entrusted to urban shepherds whose service was regulated by town legislation. The problem of the perception of animals by the society of that time was also significant. Although seemingly unwanted, they were the only source of income for many residents. For some, animals were pests, and for others, a guarantee of fragile existence. It was also a time when people began to wonder what exactly an animal is, what role it should play in human life, and how to treat it.

scholarly journals The impact of innovations on the efficiency of animal husbandry in Lviv region

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (97) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
K. Hirniak
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Process ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Method Of Evaluation ◽  
The Impact

Domestic agricultural enterprises do not have a high level of innovation activity, however, stable and competitive operation of an agricultural enterprise is impossible without its innovative activity. Stabilization of the situation in the agricultural sector with the current level of competition and constant technological variables, the innovative vector of development is the driving component of economic growth. Activation of innovation of domestic agricultural enterprises is one of the important prerequisites for stability and sustainable socio-economic development of the country. Consequently, the effective functioning of the livestock industry is possible only under the conditions of systemic and purposeful innovation aimed at finding a variety of new opportunities provided by the business environment. The innovation process in domestic animal husbandry is clearly aimed at the end result - a certain socio-economic, technical or environmental effects. The efficiency of animal husbandry is determined after the introduction of innovation, calculated by the method of evaluation of investment projects. On the example of Lviv region we analyzed the conditions of innovative activity in animal husbandry, assessed the modern innovative potential of the industry, established the features of its innovation and investment activities. SWOT-analysis is an important component of assessing the position of livestock enterprises in the region. It should be recognized that the innovative activity of livestock enterprises is mainly associated with the final stage of the innovation process – the development of innovations. In 2020, farms of all categories of Lviv region compared to 2019 decreased meat production (sales for slaughter of farm animals in live weight) by 1.6 %, milk – by 4.7 %, eggs – by 0.3 %. cattle on farms of all categories on January 1, 2021 amounted to 144.4 thousand heads (including cows – 86.2 thousand heads), pigs – 346.1 thousand heads, poultry – 10.5 million. heads. Compared to January 1, 2020, the number of poultry increased by 5.7 %, pigs – by 4.1 %, the number of cattle decreased by 8.2 % (including cows – by 8.6 %). Innovative activity of the livestock industry is formed under the influence of the domestic innovation system and has its own specifics, which is caused by the peculiarities of agriculture. Most innovative projects are aimed at introducing innovations that contribute to the intensification of animal husbandry and increase the competitiveness of products. Thus, on the basis of innovative development of animal husbandry it is possible to achieve a significant increase in the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises, which will allow Ukrainian producers to achieve significant results in world markets for agricultural products.

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