scholarly journals 14-3-3 Proteins Are Involved in BR-Induced Ray Petal Elongation in Gerbera hybrida

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Lin ◽  
Shina Huang ◽  
Gan Huang ◽  
Yanbo Chen ◽  
Xiaojing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Protein Transport ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Gerbera Hybrida ◽  
Petal Length ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Petal Growth

14-3-3 proteins play a major role in the regulation of primary metabolism, protein transport, ion channel activity, signal transduction and biotic/abiotic stress responses. However, their involvement in petal growth and development is largely unknown. Here, we identified and characterized the expression patterns of seven genes of the 14-3-3 family in gerbera. While none of the genes showed any tissue or developmental specificity of spatiotemporal expression, all seven predicted proteins have the nine α-helices typical of 14-3-3 proteins. Following treatment with brassinolide, an endogenous brassinosteroid, the Gh14-3-3 genes displayed various response patterns; for example, Gh14-3-3b and Gh14-3-3f reached their highest expression level at early (2 h) and late (24 h) timepoints, respectively. Further study revealed that overexpression of Gh14-3-3b or Gh14-3-3f promoted cell elongation, leading to an increase in ray petal length. By contrast, silencing of Gh14-3-3b or Gh14-3-3f inhibited petal elongation, which was eliminated partly by brassinolide. Correspondingly, the expression of petal elongation-related and brassinosteroid signaling-related genes was modified in transgenic petals. Taken together, our research suggests that Gh14-3-3b and Gh14-3-3f are positive regulators of brassinosteroid-induced ray petal elongation and thus provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism of petal growth and development.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification, Structure Characterization, and Expression Profiling of Dof Transcription Factor Gene Family in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengwu Fang ◽  
Wenqiang Jiang ◽  
Yiqin He ◽  
Dongfang Ma ◽  
Yike Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Sequence Length ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Segmental Duplications ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress

DNA binding with one finger (Dof) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors with crucial roles in plant growth and stress response. Even so, little is known about them in wheat. In this study, 108 wheat Dof (TaDof) genes across 21 chromosomes were detected. Although variable in sequence length, molecular weight, and isoelectric point, all TaDof proteins contained conserved zinc-finger structures and were phylogenetically divided into 7 sub-groups. Exon/intron and motif analyses suggested that TaDof structures and conserved motifs were similar within sub-groups but diverse among sub-groups. Many segmental duplications were identified and Ka/Ks and inter-species synthetic analyses indicated that polyploidization was main reason for increased number of TaDofs. Prediction and experimental confirmation revealed that TaDofs functioned as transcription factors in the nucleus. Expression pattern profiling showed that TaDofs specifically affected growth and development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Wheat miRNAs and cis-regulator were predicted as essential players in molding TaDofs expression patterns. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that TaDofs were induced by salt and drought stresses. Customized annotation revealed that TaDofs were widely involved in phytohormone response, defense, growth and development, and metabolism. Our study provided a comprehensive understanding to wheat TaDofs.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis reveals the regulation of brassinosteroids on petal growth in Gerbera hybrida

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan Huang ◽  
Meixiang Han ◽  
Wei Yao ◽  
Yaqin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Gerbera Hybrida ◽  
Petal Growth

Gerbera hybrida is a cut-flower crop of global importance, and an understanding of the mechanisms underlying petal development is vital for the continued commercial development of this plant species. Brassinosteroids (BRs), a class of phytohormones, are known to play a major role in cell expansion, but their effect on petal growth in G. hybrida is largely unexplored. In this study, we found that the brassinolide (BL), the most active BR, promotes petal growth by lengthening cells in the middle and basal regions of petals, and that this effect on petal growth was greater than that of gibberellin (GA). The RNA-seq (high-throughput cDNA sequencing) technique was employed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms by which BRs control petal growth. A global transcriptome analysis of the response to BRs in petals was conducted and target genes regulated by BR were identified. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) include various transcription factors (TFs) that were activated during the early stage (0.5 h) of BL treatment, as well as cell wall proteins whose expression was regulated at a late stage (10 h). BR-responsive DEGs are involved in multiple plant hormone signal pathways, hormone biosynthesis and biotic and abiotic stress responses, showing that the regulation of petal growth by BRs is a complex network of processes. Thus, our study provides new insights at the transcriptional level into the molecular mechanisms of BR regulation of petal growth in G. hybrida.

Plant bioactive peptides: an expanding class of signaling molecules

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Germain ◽  
Eric Chevalier ◽  
Daniel P. Matton
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Intercellular Signaling ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Large Gene ◽  
Self Recognition

Until recently, our knowledge of intercellular signaling in plants was limited to the so-called five classical plant hormones: auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, ethylene, and abscissic acid. Other chemical compounds like sterols and lipids have also been recognized as signaling molecules in plants, but it was only recently discovered that peptides in plants, as in animal cells, play crucial roles in various aspects of growth and development, biotic and abiotic stress responses, and self/non-self recognition in sporophytic self-incompatibility. These peptides are often part of a very large gene family whose members show diverse, sometime overlapping spatial and temporal expression patterns, allowing them to regulate different aspects of plant growth and development. Only a handful of peptides have been linked to a bona fide receptor, thereby activating a cascade of events. Since these peptides have been thoroughly reviewed in the past few years, this review will focus on the small putative plant signaling peptides, some often disregarded in the plant peptide literature, which have been shown through biochemical or genetic studies to play important roles in plants.

scholarly journals Expansion of C1Q Genes in Zhikong Scallop and Their Expression Profiling After Exposure to the Toxic Dinoflagellates

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kexin Xu ◽  
Yinghui Wang ◽  
Shanshan Lian ◽  
Naina Hu ◽  
Xiaomei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Alexandrium Minutum ◽  
Zhikong Scallop ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Molecular Indicators ◽  
Toxin Accumulation

C1Q (Complement 1Q) is an important recognition molecule in the immunological complement system, which could also be putatively involved in the stress responses induced by endotoxins or exotoxins, potentially through detoxification processes. Marine bivalves are well adapted to highly complex aquatic environments with various stressors. As filter feeders, they have to cope with highly potent microalgae-derived neurotoxins, such as paralytic shellfish toxin (PSTs). Zhikong scallops, Chlamys farreri, are commercially important bivalve with the remarkable ability to accumulate PSTs. Exploring the C1Qs related to PST accumulation in C. farreri could benefit our understanding of the adaptations of bivalve species. In the present study, we systematically analyzed C1Q genes in C. farreri. In total, 97 CfC1Q genes mainly from the expanded C1Q-B subfamily were identified, from which the C1QL, C1QTNF, and C1QDC1 members in C. farreri were revealed to be under positive selection. Spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed that most CfC1QLs and CfC1QDC1s were highly expressed during the post-umbo stage and in hepatopancreas, while most CfC1QTNF members were highly expressed after the creeping larva stage and in mantle. The hepatopancreas and kidney in C. farreri are two toxin-rich organs with the highest concentrations of PSTs, acting as major “centers” for toxin accumulation and transformation, respectively. Therefore, after feeding the scallops with PST-producing dinoflagellates Alexandrium minutum and Alexandrium catenella, we determined the expression patterns of CfC1Qs in these two organs. In kidney, more than 85% of CfC1QLs and CfC1QDC1s showed drastic up-regulation with both diets. However, among these members with significant induction, a different response manner was detected after feeding with A. minutum and A. catenella, respectively as acute and chronic response patterns. In comparison, far fewer CfC1Qs showing significant up-regulation in hepatopancreas with both toxic diets and only mild regulation pattern could be found. This organ-, toxin-, and time-dependent genetic regulation of CfC1Qs may contribute to the virulence difference on account of the tissue-specific or dinoflagellate-specific different toxin analogs composition, implying the possible involvement of CfC1Qs in PST transport and homeostasis. Our findings imply the functional diversity of scallop C1Q genes in coping with PST accumulation, which might be developed as potential molecular indicators for monitoring toxin accumulation in edible mollusks or provide insight into the lineage-specific adaptation of scallops for dealing with microalgal toxin challenges.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of the B-BOX Genes that Respond to Multiple Ripening Related Signals in Sweet Cherry Fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1622
Author(s):  
Yanyan Wang ◽  
Zefeng Zhai ◽  
Yueting Sun ◽  
Chen Feng ◽  
Xiang Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Light Induction ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Gene Structures

B-BOX proteins are zinc finger transcription factors that play important roles in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. In this study, we identified 15 PavBBX genes in the genome database of sweet cherry. We systematically analyzed the gene structures, clustering characteristics, and expression patterns of these genes during fruit development and in response to light and various hormones. The PavBBX genes were divided into five subgroups. The promoter regions of the PavBBX genes contain cis-acting elements related to plant development, hormones, and stress. qRT-PCR revealed five upregulated and eight downregulated PavBBX genes during fruit development. In addition, PavBBX6, PavBBX9, and PavBBX11 were upregulated in response to light induction. We also found that ABA, BR, and GA3 contents significantly increased in response to light induction. Furthermore, the expression of several PavBBX genes was highly correlated with the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, light-responsive genes, and genes that function in multiple hormone signaling pathways. Some PavBBX genes were strongly induced by ABA, GA, and BR treatment. Notably, PavBBX6 and PavBBX9 responded to all three hormones. Taken together, BBX proteins likely play major roles in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry fruit by integrating light, ABA, GA, and BR signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of the Histone Deacetylase Gene Family in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa): From Evolution and Expression Pattern to Functional Analysis of BraHDA3

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Seung Hee Eom ◽  
Tae Kyung Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Lysine Residues

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are known as erasers that remove acetyl groups from lysine residues in histones. Although plant HDACs play essential roles in physiological processes, including various stress responses, our knowledge concerning HDAC gene families and their evolutionary relationship remains limited. In Brassica rapa genome, we identified 20 HDAC genes, which are divided into three major groups: RPD3/HDA1, HD2, and SIR2 families. In addition, seven pairs of segmental duplicated paralogs and one pair of tandem duplicated paralogs were identified in the B. rapa HDAC (BraHDAC) family, indicating that segmental duplication is predominant for the expansion of the BraHDAC genes. The expression patterns of paralogous gene pairs suggest a divergence in the function of BraHDACs under various stress conditions. Furthermore, we suggested that BraHDA3 (homologous of Arabidopsis HDA14) encodes the functional HDAC enzyme, which can be inhibited by Class I/II HDAC inhibitor SAHA. As a first step toward understanding the epigenetic responses to environmental stresses in Chinese cabbage, our results provide a solid foundation for functional analysis of the BraHDAC family.

scholarly journals Genome-wide in silico identification and expression analysis of beta-galactosidase family members in sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam]

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuyun Hou ◽  
Taifeng Du ◽  
Zhen Qin ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Aixian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Biotic Stresses

Abstract Background Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) serves as an important food source for human beings. β-galactosidase (bgal) is a glycosyl hydrolase involved in cell wall modification, which plays essential roles in plant development and environmental stress adaptation. However, the function of bgal genes in sweetpotato remains unclear. Results In this study, 17 β-galactosidase genes (Ibbgal) were identified in sweetpotato, which were classified into seven subfamilies using interspecific phylogenetic and comparative analysis. The promoter regions of Ibbgals harbored several stress, hormone and light responsive cis-acting elements. Quantitative real-time PCR results displayed that Ibbgal genes had the distinct expression patterns across different tissues and varieties. Moreover, the expression profiles under various hormonal treatments, abiotic and biotic stresses were highly divergent in leaves and root. Conclusions Taken together, these findings suggested that Ibbgals might play an important role in plant development and stress responses, which provided evidences for further study of bgal function and sweetpotato breeding.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of RLKs involved in the response to aluminium stress in peanut

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Ming-Hua Wu ◽  
Dong Xiao ◽  
Ruo-Lan Huang ◽  
Jie Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Segmental Duplication ◽  
Tandem Duplication ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Segmental Duplications ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Gene Pairs ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Peanut Genome

Abstract Background As an important cash crop, the yield of peanut is influenced by soil acidification and pathogen infection. Receptor-like protein kinases play important roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. However, little is known about the number, location, structure, molecular phylogeny, and expression of RLKs in peanut, and no comprehensive analysis of RLKs in the Al stress response in peanuts have been reported. Results A total of 1311 AhRLKs were identified from the peanut genome. The AhLRR-RLKs and AhLecRLKs were further divided into 24 and 35 subfamilies, respectively. The AhRLKs were randomly distributed across all 20 chromosomes in the peanut. Among these AhRLKs, 9.53% and 61.78% originated from tandem duplications and segmental duplications, respectively. The ka/ks ratios of 96.97% (96/99) of tandem duplication gene pairs and 98.78% (646/654) of segmental duplication gene pairs were less than 1. Among the tested tandem duplication clusters, there were 28 gene conversion events. Moreover, all total of 90 Al-responsive AhRLKs were identified by mining transcriptome data, and they were divided into 7 groups. Most of the Al-responsive AhRLKs that clustered together had similar motifs and evolutionarily conserved structures. The gene expression patterns of these genes in different tissues were further analysed, and tissue-specifically expressed genes, including 14 root-specific Al-responsive AhRLKs were found. In addition, all 90 Al-responsive AhRLKs which were distributed unevenly in the subfamilies of AhRLKs, showed different expression patterns between the two peanut varieties (Al-sensitive and Al-tolerant) under Al stress. Conclusions In this study, we analysed the RLK gene family in the peanut genome. Segmental duplication events were the main driving force for AhRLK evolution, and most AhRLKs subject to purifying selection. A total of 90 genes were identified as Al-responsive AhRLKs, and the classification, conserved motifs, structures, tissue expression patterns and predicted functions of Al-responsive AhRLKs were further analysed and discussed, revealing their putative roles. This study provides a better understanding of the structures and functions of AhRLKs and Al-responsive AhRLKs.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis and expression profile of the bZIP gene family in poplar

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Wenjing Yao ◽  
Zihan Cheng ◽  
Boru Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Systems Biology ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Biological Processes

Abstract Background The bZIP gene family, which is widely present in plants, participates in varied biological processes including growth and development and stress responses. How do the genes regulate such biological processes? Systems biology is powerful for mechanistic understanding of gene functions. However, such studies have not yet been reported in poplar. Results In this study, we identified 86 poplar bZIP transcription factors and described their conserved domains. According to the results of phylogenetic tree, we divided these members into 12 groups with specific gene structures and motif compositions. The corresponding genes that harbor a large number of segmental duplication events are unevenly distributed on the 17 poplar chromosomes. In addition, we further examined collinearity between these genes and the related genes from six other species. Evidence from transcriptomic data indicated that the bZIP genes in poplar displayed different expression patterns in roots, stems, and leaves. Furthermore, we identified 45 bZIP genes that respond to salt stress in the three tissues. We performed co-expression analysis on the representative genes, followed by gene set enrichment analysis. The results demonstrated that tissue differentially expressed genes, especially the co-expressing genes, are mainly involved in secondary metabolic and secondary metabolite biosynthetic processes. However, salt stress responsive genes and their co-expressing genes mainly participate in the regulation of metal ion transport, and methionine biosynthetic. Conclusions Using comparative genomics and systems biology approaches, we, for the first time, systematically explore the structures and functions of the bZIP gene family in poplar. It appears that the bZIP gene family plays significant roles in regulation of poplar development and growth and salt stress responses through differential gene networks or biological processes. These findings provide the foundation for genetic breeding by engineering target regulators and corresponding gene networks into poplar lines.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Differentially Expressed mRNA Related to Pigeon Muscle Development

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2311
Author(s):  
Hao Ding ◽  
Yueyue Lin ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Lan Chen ◽  
Genxi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Gene Expression And Regulation

The mechanisms behind the gene expression and regulation that modulate the development and growth of pigeon skeletal muscle remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed gene expression analysis on skeletal muscle samples at different developmental and growth stages using RNA sequencing (RNA−Seq). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using edgeR software. Weighted gene co−expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the gene modules related to the growth and development of pigeon skeletal muscle based on DEGs. A total of 11,311 DEGs were identified. WGCNA aggregated 11,311 DEGs into 12 modules. Black and brown modules were significantly correlated with the 1st and 10th day of skeletal muscle growth, while turquoise and cyan modules were significantly correlated with the 8th and 13th days of skeletal muscle embryonic development. Four mRNA−mRNA regulatory networks corresponding to the four significant modules were constructed and visualised using Cytoscape software. Twenty candidate mRNAs were identified based on their connectivity degrees in the networks, including Abca8b, TCONS−00004461, VWF, OGDH, TGIF1, DKK3, Gfpt1 and RFC5, etc. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that many pathways were related to the growth and development of pigeon skeletal muscle, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AMPK, FAK, and thyroid hormone pathways. Five differentially expressed genes (LAST2, MYPN, DKK3, B4GALT6 and OGDH) in the network were selected, and their expression patterns were quantified by qRT−PCR. The results were consistent with our sequencing results. These findings could enhance our understanding of the gene expression and regulation in the development and growth of pigeon muscle.

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