scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Positive Role of Abscisic Acid in Endodormancy Maintenance of Leaf Buds of Magnolia wufengensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunjing Wu ◽  
Xiaojing Duan ◽  
Zhonglong Zhu ◽  
Ziyang Sang ◽  
Yutong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Magnolia Wufengensis

Magnolia wufengensis (Magnoliaceae) is a deciduous landscape species, known for its ornamental value with uniquely shaped and coloured tepals. The species has been introduced to many cities in south China, but low temperatures limit the expansion of this species in cold regions. Bud dormancy is critical for plants to survive in cold environments during the winter. In this study, we performed transcriptomic analysis of leaf buds using RNA sequencing and compared their gene expression during endodormancy, endodormancy release, and ecodormancy. A total of 187,406 unigenes were generated with an average length of 621.82 bp (N50 = 895 bp). In the transcriptomic analysis, differentially expressed genes involved in metabolism and signal transduction of hormones especially abscisic acid (ABA) were substantially annotated during dormancy transition. Our results showed that ABA at a concentration of 100 μM promoted dormancy maintenance in buds of M. wufengensis. Furthermore, the expression of genes related to ABA biosynthesis, catabolism, and signalling pathway was analysed by qPCR. We found that the expression of MwCYP707A-1-2 was consistent with ABA content and the dormancy transition phase, indicating that MwCYP707A-1-2 played a role in endodormancy release. In addition, the upregulation of MwCBF1 during dormancy release highlighted the enhancement of cold resistance. This study provides new insights into the cold tolerance of M. wufengensis in the winter from bud dormancy based on RNA-sequencing and offers fundamental data for further research on breeding improvement of M. wufengensis.

scholarly journals Integrative hormone and transcriptome analyses underline the role of abscisic acid in seed shattering of weedy rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Lang ◽  
Yuting He ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Fengcheng Li ◽  
Dianrong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Potential Signal ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

Abstract Abstract Backgrounds: Weedy rice is one of the most severe weeds in paddy fields, strongly characterized by its high seed shattering level. Abscisic acid (ABA) serves as an abscission-accelerating signal and plays a critical role during abscission. However, mechanisms that link ABA and seed shattering remain elusive. In this study, we compared WR04-6 a shattering, and SN9816 non-shattering rice variety for genetic expression and ABA levels in the abscission zone (AZ) and the spikelet. Results : ABA content in WR04-6, particularly in AZ, was significantly higher than that in SN9816, and it increased remarkably prior to abscission. Transcriptomic analysis and qRT-PCR showed that the expression of NCED , the key gene in ABA biosynthesis, coincided with increased ABA content in AZ and increased significantly during the seed shattering process. Additionally, the expression of genes related biosynthesis and metabolism of IAA, GA, and ETH showed the greatest fold change. Phytohormone levels associated with ABA co-expression-prediction revealed a potential signal transduction network among plant hormones involved in regulating seed abscission. Conclusions: Altogether, our data strongly indicated that ABA contributes to seed shattering and appears to transiently cooperate with other hormones, triggering a hormone imbalance that leads to the downstream activation of AZ

scholarly journals Effects of Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia on Apoptosis and Proliferation in an In Vitro Model of the Lung Microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1435
Author(s):  
Hisako Kushima ◽  
Toshiyuki Tsunoda ◽  
Taichi Matsumoto ◽  
Yoshiaki Kinoshita ◽  
Koichi Izumikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Nih 3T3

Background/Aim: Aspergillus is often detected in respiratory samples from patients with chronic respiratory diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting that it can easily colonize the airways. To determine the role of Aspergillus colonization in pulmonary fibrosis, we cultured human lung epithelial A549 cells or murine embryo fibroblast NIH/3T3 cells with Aspergillus conidia in 3D floating culture representing the microenvironment. Materials and Methods: Cells were cultured in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional floating (3DF) culture with heat-inactivated Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) 293 conidia at an effector-to-target cell ratio of 1:10 (early-phase model) and 1:100 (colonization model), and RNA-sequencing and Western blots (WB) were performed. Results: AF293 conidia reduced A549 cell growth in 2D and 3DF cultures and induced apoptosis in A549 spheroids in 3DF culture. RNA-sequencing revealed the increased expression of genes associated with interferon-mediated antiviral responses including MX dymamin-like GTPase 1 (MX1). Interestingly, the decreased expression of genes associated with the cell cycle was observed with a high concentration of AF293 conidia. WB revealed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition was not involved. Notably, AF293 conidia increased NIH/3T3 growth only in 3DF culture without inducing an apoptotic reaction. RNA-sequencing revealed the increased expression of genes associated with interferon signalling, including MX2; however, the decreased expression of genes associated with the cell cycle was not observed. Conclusions: AF affects both apoptosis of epithelial cells and the growth of fibroblasts. A deeper understanding of the detailed mechanisms underlying Aspergillus-mediated signaling pathway in epithelial cells and fibroblasts will help us to understand the lung microenvironment.

scholarly journals Interplay among Antioxidant System, Hormone Profile and Carbohydrate Metabolism during Bud Dormancy Breaking in a High-Chill Peach Variety

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
José A. Hernández ◽  
Pedro Díaz-Vivancos ◽  
José Ramón Acosta-Motos ◽  
Nuria Alburquerque ◽  
Domingo Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolism ◽  
Hormone Profile ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Gas Ratio

(1) Background: Prunus species have the ability to suspend (induce dormancy) and restart growth, in an intricate process in which environmental and physiological factors interact. (2) Methods: In this work, we studied the evolution of sugars, antioxidant metabolism, and abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) levels during bud dormancy evolution in a high-chill peach variety, grown for two seasons in two different geographical areas with different annual media temperature, a cold (CA) and a temperate area (TA). (3) Results: In both areas, starch content reached a peak at ecodormancy, and then decreased at dormancy release (DR). Sorbitol and sucrose declined at DR, mainly in the CA. In contrast, glucose and fructose levels progressively rose until DR. A decline in ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities occurred in both seasons at DR. Moreover, the H2O2-sensitive SOD isoenzymes, Fe-SOD and Cu,Zn-SOD, and two novel peroxidase isoenzymes, were detected. Overall, these results suggest the occurrence of a controlled oxidative stress during DR. GA7 was the major bioactive GA in both areas, the evolution of its levels being different between seasons and areas. In contrast, ABA content decreased during the dormancy period in both areas, resulting in a reduction in the ABA/total GAs ratio, being more evident in the CA. (4) Conclusion: A possible interaction sugars-hormones-ROS could take place in high-chill peach buds, favoring the DR process, suggesting that, in addition to sugar metabolism, redox interactions can govern bud DR, regardless of chilling requirements.

scholarly journals Sugars promote graft union development in the heterograft of cucumber onto pumpkin

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Miao ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Tian-shu Sun ◽  
Sen Chai ◽  
Changlin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Exogenous Glucose ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Graft Interface

AbstractThe use of heterografts is widely applied for the production of several important commercial crops, but the molecular mechanism of graft union formation remains poorly understood. Here, cucumber grafted onto pumpkin was used to study graft union development, and genome-wide tempo-spatial gene expression at the graft interface was comprehensively investigated. Histological analysis suggested that resumption of the rootstock growth occurred after both phloem and xylem reconnection, and the scion showed evident callus production compared with the rootstock 3 days after grafting. Consistently, transcriptome data revealed specific responses between the scion and rootstock in the expression of genes related to cambium development, the cell cycle, and sugar metabolism during both vascular reconnection and healing, indicating distinct mechanisms. Additionally, lower levels of sugars and significantly changed sugar enzyme activities at the graft junction were observed during vascular reconnection. Next, we found that the healing process of grafted etiolated seedlings was significantly delayed, and graft success, xylem reconnection, and the growth of grafted plants were enhanced by exogenous glucose. This demonstrates that graft union formation requires the correct sugar content. Furthermore, we also found that graft union formation was delayed with a lower energy charge by the target of rapamycin (TOR) inhibitor AZD-8055, and xylem reconnection and the growth of grafted plants were enhanced under AZD-8055 with exogenous glucose treatment. Taken together, our results reveal that sugars play a positive role in graft union formation by promoting the growth of cucumber/pumpkin and provide useful information for understanding graft union healing and the application of heterografting in the future.

scholarly journals TAP46 Plays a Positive Role in the ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5-Regulated Gene Expression in Arabidopsis

2013 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 721-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongbin Hu ◽  
Yinfeng Zhu ◽  
Guoxin Shen ◽  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression

scholarly journals Abscisic Acid Priming Creates Alkaline Tolerance in Alfalfa Seedlings (Medicago sativa L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Tian-Jiao Wei ◽  
Ming-Ming Wang ◽  
Yang-Yang Jin ◽  
Guo-Hui Zhang ◽  
Miao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Alkaline Stress ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Alkaline Tolerance ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Soil alkalization triggers ion toxicity and osmotic and alkaline (high pH) stresses in plants, damaging their growth and productivity. Therefore, we investigated whether priming with abscisic acid (ABA) increases the tolerance of alfalfa seedlings to alkaline stress, and then examined the underlying molecular mechanisms. Alfalfa seedlings were pretreated with ABA (10 μM) for 16 h and then subjected to alkaline stress using a 15 mM Na2CO3 solution (pH 10.87). Compared with the control, ABA pretreatment significantly alleviated leaf damage and improved the fresh weight, water content, and survival rate of alfalfa seedlings under alkaline conditions. Abscisic acid pretreatment reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), maintained higher ratios of K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+, and Mg2+/Na+, and increased accumulation of proline. In addition, ABA upregulated the expression of genes involved in proline biosynthesis (P5CS) and the sequestration of Na+ in vacuoles (NHX1 and AVP) under alkaline conditions. Abscisic acid priming increased tolerance to alkaline stress by maintaining homeostasis of ROS and metal ions and upregulating osmoprotection and the expression of stress tolerance-related genes.

EPA and DHA confer protection against DON-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and iron imbalance in IPEC-1 cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Jia Lin ◽  
Feifei Huang ◽  
Tianzeng Liang ◽  
Qin Qin ◽  
Qiao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Transferrin Receptor 1

Abstract This study assessed the molecular mechanism of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) protection against IPEC-1 cell damage induced by deoxynivalenol (DON). The cells were divided into six groups, including the CON group, the EPA group, the DHA group, the DON group, the EPA+DON group, and the DHA+DON group. RNA sequencing was used to investigate the potential mechanism, and qRT-PCR was employed to verify the expression of selected genes. Changes in ultrastructure were used to estimate pathological changes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) injury in IPEC-1 cells. Transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) was tested by ELISA. Fe2+ and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were estimated by spectrophotometry, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assayed by fluorospectrophotometry. RNA sequencing analysis showed that EPA and DHA had a significant effect on the expression of genes involved in ER stress and iron balance during DON-induced cell injury. The results showed that DON increased ER damage, the content of MDA and ROS, the ratio of X-box binding protein 1s (XBP-1s)/X-box binding protein 1u (XBP-1u), the concentration of Fe2+, and the activity of TFR1. However, the results also showed that EPA and DHA decreased the ratio of XBP-1s/XBP-1u to relieve DON-induced ER damage of IPEC-1 cells. Moreover, EPA and DHA (especially DHA) reversed the factors related to iron balance. It can be concluded that EPA and DHA reversed IPEC-1 cell damage induced by DON. DHA has the potential to protect IPEC-1 cells from DON-induced iron imbalance by inhibiting ER stress.

scholarly journals Phytohormones Regulate the Non-Redundant Response of ω-3 Fatty Acid Desaturases to Low Temperatures in Chorispora Bungeana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulan Shi ◽  
Sizhong Yang ◽  
Xiule Yue ◽  
Zhixing Zhao ◽  
Lizhe An
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturases ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Chorispora Bungeana

Abstract To explore the contribution of ω-3 fatty acid desaturases (FADs) to cold stress response in a special cryophyte, Chorispora bungeana (C. bungeana), two plastidial ω-3 FAD genes (CbFAD7 and CbFAD8) were cloned and verified in a Arabidopsis fad7fad8 mutant, before being compared with the microsomal ω-3 FAD gene (CbFAD3) on expression profile. Though these genes were expressed in all tested tissues of C. bungeana, CbFAD7 and CbFAD8 have the highest expression in leaves, while CbFAD3 was mostly expressed in non-green tissues. Low temperatures (4, 0 and -4 ℃) resulted in significant increases in trienoic fatty acids (TAs, mainly C18:3), which were consistent with the non-redundant expression of CbFAD3 and CbFAD8 in suspension-cultured cells, and the coordination of CbFAD7 and CbFAD8 in leaves. Furthermore, the contribution of CbFAD8 increased as temperature decrease in the two tissues. Our data revealed that jasmonie acid and brassinosteroids participated in the cold-responsive expression of these genes in both tissues, and the pyhtohormone regulation in leaves was more complicated with the participation of abscisic acid and gibberellin. These results point to the hormone-regulated non-redundant contribution of ω-3 CbFADs to maintain appropriate level of TAs under low temperatures, which help C. bungeana survive in cold environments.

Differential accumulation of abscisic acid and its catabolites in drought-sensitive and drought-tolerant sunflower seeds

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Andrade ◽  
Ana Vigliocco ◽  
Sergio Alemano ◽  
Daniel Alvarez ◽  
Guillermina Abdala
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Maternal Plant ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Germinated Seeds

AbstractEleven sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) inbred lines were evaluated in field and laboratory studies under drought and irrigation. In the field, lines B59, R419 and B67 had reduced seed and oil yield under drought, while no reduction was observed for R432, HAR4 and B71. Lines HA89, R415, R049, RHA274 and R423 presented intermediate responses. In laboratory tests, seeds of line B59 had reduced germination percentages at 200 and 400 mM mannitol, while germination of seeds of lines R432, B71, HAR4, RHA274 and HA89 was reduced only at 400 mM mannitol. Drought-sensitive B59 and drought-tolerant B71 grown under irrigation and drought conditions in the field were selected for hormone assays. Abscisic acid (ABA) and its catabolites in pericarp, embryonic axis and cotyledons of dry and germinated seeds of B59 and B71 were determined. ABA was the major component of the pericarp of dry seeds from B71 and B59 plants grown under drought. The embryonic axis of B71 dry seeds from drought-grown plants also showed high ABA content. The major findings from this study are: (1) the drought-sensitive and -tolerant lines exhibited different ABA and catabolite profiles; (2) water environment during maternal plant growth affected ABA content and the composition of catabolites in mature and germinated seeds; (3) ABA content did not affect germination performance in our conditions; and (4) the dry and germinated seed parts showed different ABA and catabolite profiles.

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