scholarly journals Modelling Broiler Requirements for Lysine and Arginine

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2914
Author(s):  
Bernardo Rocha Franco Nogueira ◽  
Nilva Kazue Sakomura ◽  
Matheus de Paula Reis ◽  
Bruno Balbino Leme ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Amino Acid Intake ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Six assays were conducted to investigate male and female broiler responses to standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) and arginine (Arg). Response data were modeled to estimate the efficiency of utilization (k) of both amino acids and adjust factorial models to predict bird intake for SID Lys and SID Arg. In each assay, 1280 Cobb 500® broilers (640 male and 640 female) were randomly assigned to one of sixteen dietary treatments with four replicates of 20 birds. Dietary treatments consisted of crescent levels of SID Lys or SID Arg based on the dilution technique. The values of k determined for each phase (1- to 14-, 15- to 28-, and 29- to 42-d-old) and sex were contrasted using linear regression with groups (sex and phase). The estimated efficiencies were 0.79 for Lys and 0.62 for Arg, which were unaffected by phase or sex. Factorial models based on body weight and weight gain (M1) and on body and feather protein weight and deposition (M2) were applied to estimate the SID Lys and Arg intake for growth. The amino acid intake based on M2 had a lower error of prediction. Broiler chickens require 94.9 and 92.9 mg/d of SID Lys and SID Arg to deposit 1 g of body protein.

scholarly journals Optical Characterization of Alternaria spp. Contaminated Wheat Grain and Its Influence in Early Broilers Nutrition on Oxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4005
Author(s):  
Nikola Puvača ◽  
Snežana Tanasković ◽  
Vojislava Bursić ◽  
Aleksandra Petrović ◽  
Jordan Merkuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Color Properties ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The aim of this research was the visual characterization and investigating the effects of Alternaria spp. contaminated wheat grains in the starter stage of broilers nutrition on productive parameters and oxidative stress. The research was divided into two phases. Bunches of wheat in post-harvest period of year 2020 was collected from a various locality in Serbia and Albania. In the first phase, collected samples were visual characterized by Alternaria spp. presence by color measurement methods. Gained results are conferred in the range of the color properties of grain color properties of Alternaria toxins. Wheat grain samples were significantly different (p < 0.05) in terms of all measured color parameters (L*, a*, b*). Classification of field fungi in analyzed wheat grain samples showed that the significant field fungi were Rhizopus spp., followed by Alternaria spp., and Fusarium spp. In the second phase, biological tests with chickens were carried out during the broiler chickens’ dietary starter period in the first 14th days of age. At the beginning of the experiment, a total of 180-day-old Ross 308 strain broilers were equally distributed into three dietary treatments, with four replicates each. Dietary treatments in the experiments were as follows: basal diet without visual contamination of Alternaria spp. with 25% wheat (A1), a basal diet with visual contamination of Alternaria spp. with 25% wheat from Serbia (A2), basal diet with visual contamination of Alternaria spp. with 25% wheat from Albania (A3). The trial with chickens lasted for 14 days. After the first experimental week, wheat infected with Alternaria spp. in treatment A2 and A3 expressed adverse effects. The highest body weight of chickens of 140.40 g was recorded in broilers on control treatment A1 with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to treatments A2 (137.32 g) and A3 (135.35 g). At the end of the second week of test period, a statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference in body weight of broiler chickens could be noticed. The highest body weight of 352.68 g was recorded in control treatment A1, with statistically significant differences compared to other Alternaria spp. treatments. The lowest body weight of chickens was recorded in treatment A3 (335.93 g). Results of feed consumption and feed conversion ratio showed some numerical differences between treatments but without any statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Alternaria spp. contaminated diet increased glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and decreased peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) serum levels, respectively. Built on the achieved results, it can be concluded that the wheat contaminated with Alternaria spp. in broilers nutrition negatively affected growth, decreased oxidative protection and interrupted chicken welfare in the first period of life.

scholarly journals Effect of extruded full-fat soybeans on performance, amino acids digestibility, trypsin activity, and intestinal morphology in broilers

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 470-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Foltyn ◽  
V. Rada ◽  
M. Lichovníková ◽  
I. Šafařík ◽  
A. Lohniský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Trypsin Activity ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Different Levels

The influence of different levels of extruded full-fat soybean (EFFSB) in the diet on growth performance, apparent ileal amino acids digestibility (AIAAD), intestinal morphology, and trypsin activity in digesta of broilers was determined. In the first experiment, two-hundred sixty ROSS 308 male chickens were used to investigate the effect of EFFSB on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and trypsin activity in the digesta and AIAAD. Five dietary treatments were used, containing 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 g/kg of EFFSB. The experiment lasted from day 10 till day 38 of age. The inclusion of EFFSB at the level of 160 g/kg in the diet significantly (P &lt; 0.05) decreased final body weight (2443 g in 0 group vs. 2093 in 160 group) and worsened feed efficiency. AIAAD was lower when diet contained more than 40 g/kg EFFSB. But at the level of 160 g/kg AIAAD increased in several amino acids (threonine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine). Trypsin activity increased with increasing EFFSB in the diets. There were no significant (P &gt; 0.05) differences in AIAAD between groups 80, 120, and 160. Villus height (groups 0: 966.2; 4: 852.1; 8: 792.6; 12: 836.3; 16: 926.7 &micro;m) and crypt depth (groups&nbsp;0: 160.1; 4: 134.8; 8: 122.9; 12: 129.5; 16: 134.6 &micro;m) of ileum decreased with inclusion of EFFSB in the diet, but villi/crypt ratio increased. In the second experiment, male chickens ROSS 308 were divided into 4&nbsp;groups with 2 replicates per 100 chicks each. The groups were fed 0, 40, 80, and 120 g/kg of EFFSB. The experiment lasted from day 10 till day 38 of age. Final body weight (2594 g in 0 group vs. 2624 g in 120 group) was not significantly (P &gt; 0.05) affected by the diet. The study showed that EFFSB at the level of 120 g/kg in grower broiler diet had no adverse effect on performance. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Effect of Extrusion on Nutrients Digestibility, Metabolizable Energy and Nutritional Value of Yellow Lupine Seeds for Broiler Chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rutkowski ◽  
Sebastian A. Kaczmarek ◽  
Marcin Hejdysz ◽  
Dorota Jamroz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Yellow Lupine ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Fat Digestibility

Abstract The aim of investigations was the estimation of nutritional value of currently cultivated yellow lupine cultivars in raw and extruded form, and their usefulness for broiler chickens. Two experiments were conducted with male Ross 308 chickens. In a digestibility trial 60 fifteen-day-old birds were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments (20 replications in each). Birds were kept in individual pens. Digestibility was calculated using the difference method. From day 16 to 21, diets contained lupine meal in raw or extruded form and the basal diet in the ratio 20:80. Subsequently, the total digestibility of dry matter and crude fat, also apparent nitrogen retention and AMEN value of lupine seeds were determined on chickens fed different forms of lupine. The ileal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids of lupine seeds was also analyzed. In the second experiment the one-day-old birds were randomly assigned to ten dietary treatments (10 replications in each) and were fed diets with increasing amounts of raw or extruded lupine from 10 to 30%. The chickens in control treatments were fed a diet without lupine. Extruded yellow lupine meal was characterized by lower phytic P content in comparison to raw yellow lupine meal. The content of remaining ingredients and antinutritional substances was similar. Yellow lupine seeds post extrusion were characterized by better total crude fat digestibility, nitrogen retention and AMEN values, compared to raw seeds. Higher ileal digestibility was confirmed in numerous amino acids, except lysine, threonine and valine (P≤0.05). By feeding the broilers with diets consisting of 10 to 30% of lupine seeds post extrusion (experiment II), improved apparent fat digestibility, apparent nitrogen retention and AMEN values were achieved in young chickens (P<0.01). Using 10 and 20% of lupine in the diets showed significant positive effects of extrusion on body weight gains, feed intake and feed conversion rate. The performance indices of chickens were drastically decreased by use of 25% ratio of both raw and extruded yellow lupine in the diet. This effect was heightened by a 30% share in feed mixtures.

scholarly journals PSVII-21 Determination of apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in various hatchery by-products for broiler chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 354-354
Author(s):  
Geun Hyeon Park ◽  
Hyeon Seok Choi ◽  
Jong Hyuk Kim ◽  
Gi Ppeum Han ◽  
Sang Yun Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
By Products

Abstract The Korean poultry industry produces more than 4,000 tons of hatchery by-products (HBPs) every year. There is an increasing interest in the use of HBPs as a feed ingredient in The Korean feed industry. However, limited information regarding nutritional values for HBPs has been available. Thus, we conducted an experiment to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AAs) in 4 different HBPs for broiler chickens. Four HBPs included infertile eggs (IFE), unhatched eggs (UHE), low grade and dead chicks (LDC), and mixture (MIX) containing 55% IFE, 10% UHE, 10% LDC, and 25% hatched eggshells. A total of three-hundred-thirty-six 21-d-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 7 replicates per treatment. Each diet contained individual HBP as a sole source of AAs. Additional 125 birds were used to estimate ileal endogenous losses of AAs. Results indicated that the AID and SID of 5 essential AAs (Arg, Met, Trp, His, and Val) for LDC were greatest (P &lt; 0.05), but those (Arg, Met, and Trp) for MIX were the least (P &lt; 0.05) among 4 HBPs. The AID and SID of most AAs in IFE were comparable to those in UHE. However, the AID and SID of 3 essential AAs (Lys, Leu, and Phe) were not different among 4 HBPs. The average AID and SID of both essential and nonessential AAs (18 AAs) for LDC were greatest (P &lt; 0.05), but those for MIX were the least (P &lt; 0.05) among 4 HBPs. In conclusion, HBPs used in this experiment contain high amounts of digestible AAs, which are comparable to other animal by-products. Generally, AAs in LDC are more digestible than AAs in other 3 HBPs (UHE, IFE, and MIX).

Caecal microbiome and metabolites associated with different growth performances of broilers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Chen ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Yang-zhi Liu ◽  
Natnael Demelash ◽  
Zhe Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Daily Gain

We investigated changes in the caecal microbial composition and metabolic compounds of broiler chickens weighing approximately 0.8–1.5 kg. Arbor Acres (AA) broilers (n =186) were divided into four groups (A–D) according to body weight on day 35. The results showed that there were significant differences in the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) of chickens (P less than 0.05). The abundance of 11 genera were found to be significantly different in the four groups (P less than 0.05). The broilers with poor performance had increased levels of D-mannose, hexadecanoic acid, cholesterol, L-valine, L-leucine, glutamic acid, glucopyranose, á-D-allopyranose, and phosphoric acid (P less than 0.05) in the cecum. Microbial compositions were different in the ceca of broilers with different growth performances, and higher growth performance correlated with changes in metabolic pathways related to energy, amino acids, and others.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bread Waste Fortified with Moringa Leaf Meal on Performance and Health Status of Broiler Chickens

2020 ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
Muyiwa Adegbenro ◽  
Oluwagbenga Ifeoluwa Oyedun ◽  
Valentine Ayobore Aletor
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Aim: This study is to evaluate the effects of using bread waste fortified with moringa leaf meal on broiler chickens. Methodology: Bread wastes were sun-dried and moringa leaves air-dried. The two dried products were milled separately. Thereafter, the meals were mixed in ratio 9:1 (9 kg Bread Waste + 1 kg Moringa Leaf) to produced fortified bread wastes. Four broiler starter diets and four finisher diets were formulated using fortified bread waste at graded levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15% and designated diets I, II, III and IV, respectively. Two hundred chicks were assigned to four dietary treatments of five replicates and ten chicks per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design. Diets and water were fed to the broilers ad libitum from 0 - 28 days as starter phase and 29 - 56 days as finisher phase. Results: Highest final weight gain and total weight gain (2.12 kg/bird and 2.07 kg/bird) and least feed conversion ratio (2.32) were observed in bird fed Diet I. The dressed weight, eviscerated weight, head, chest, drumstick, wing, thigh, back and shank were influenced significantly (P˂0.05) by the dietary treatments. Highest dressed weight (92.64%), eviscerated weight (79.52%), head (25.34 g/kg body weight), chest (206.53 g/kg body weight) and wing (83.10g/kg body weight) were recorded in bird fed Diet I. Only lymphocyte was influenced (P < .05) by the dietary treatments. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate varies: 2.33 - 3.33 mm/hour, packed cell volume: 26.67 - 28.67%, haemoglobin concentration: 9.23 - 9.88 g/100 ml and mean cell haemoglobin concentration: 34.41 - 34.61%. Cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase were influenced (P < 0.05) by the dietary treatments. The cholesterol: 22.57 - 32.78 mg/dl and alkaline phosphatase: 144.17-150.98 IU/I. Conclusion: From the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that increasing levels of fortified bread wastes in broiler chicken diets up till 5% inclusion level can be practiced.

scholarly journals PERSENTASE KARKAS DAN MORTALITAS BROILER DAN AYAM KAMPUNG YANG DI BERI LIMBAH AMPAS PATI AREN TIDAK DIFERMENTASI DAN DIFERMENTASI DALAM RANSUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Aisyah Nurmi ◽  
Melia Afnida Santi ◽  
Nurainun Harahap ◽  
Muharram Fajrin Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Native Chickens ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Saccaromyces Cerevisiae

The objectives of this research were to study the percentage of carcass of broiler and native chicken given arenga waste fermentation by Saccaromyces cerevisiae and to study arenga waste unfermentation in the ration. Sixty of broiler chickens Arbor Acres strain and sixty native chickens were divided into four dietary treatments and three replications (10 birds/replicate). The design of this experiment was completely randomized design factorial 2x2, with factor A was feeding (A1 : arenga waste unfermented, A2 : arenga waste fermented), and factor B was chicken species (B1:native chickens, B2:broilers). The variables observed were:  (1) body weight, (2) carcass, (3) percentage of carcass, and (4) Mortality.The purposes of this study  were to look at the effectiveness of rations and species of chicken used for the percentage of carcass and mortality. The results showed that there was no interaction (P> 0.05) between the fed arenga waste fermented or unfermented 2.5% in the ration,and  the type of chicken on weight, carcass and carcass percentage, but there was an interaction on mortality (P<0.01). The fed had no significant (P>0,05) effect on weight, carcass, and carcass percentage, but  percentage, but significant effect (P <0.05) on mortality.  Types of chickens had a significant effect (P <0.05) on weight, carcass, percentage  of carcass and mortality. The mortality rate with unfermented arenga waste was high enough, especially in broiler chickens, but it can be tolerated  on native chicken and broilers with saccaromyces cerviseae fermented arenga waste. Keywords : Arenga Waste, Fermentation Arenga Waste, Native Chickens, Broiler

Correlation between body weight and morphometric traits in local and exotic chickens to dietary levels of Moringa oleifera (Lamarck) seed meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
A. O. Akintunde ◽  
A. A. Toye ◽  
A. A. Ademola ◽  
A. E. Jubril
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Relationship

Moringa oleifera (Lamarck) seed is a novel feedstuff that can be incorporated into poultry nutrition and a potential cheaper alternative than the current conventional feedstuff in Nigeria. The aim of the study was to determine the effect Moringa oleifera seed meal (MOSM) on the relationship between body weight and body morphometric parameters of local and exotic chickens. The total sum of one hundred and ninety two chickens comprising of ninety six Nigerian Ecotype local chickens and Marshall broiler chickens in four dietary treatments with three replicates (of eight birds per replicate for each genotype of chicken) per treatment. Four experimental diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15 % MOSM were used. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Correlation model. The study showed that the association between morphometric parameters and body weights decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing levels of MOSM (r decreased from 0.72 to 0.52) however all the associations were positive which signified that the inclusion of MOSM influenced the level of relationship between body weight and body morphometric parameters. This study concluded that 5% dietary inclusion of MOSM would improve growth performance in YENLC and Marshall broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for body weight and different definitions of residual feed intake in broiler chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wossenie Mebratie ◽  
Per Madsen ◽  
Rachel Hawken ◽  
Hélène Romé ◽  
Danye Marois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Background The objectives of this study were to (1) simultaneously estimate genetic parameters for BW, feed intake (FI), and body weight gain (Gain) during a FI test in broiler chickens using multi-trait Bayesian analysis; (2) derive phenotypic and genetic residual feed intake (RFI) and estimate genetic parameters of the resulting traits; and (3) compute a Bayesian measure of direct and correlated superiority of a group selected on phenotypic or genetic residual feed intake. A total of 56,649 male and female broiler chickens were measured at one of two ages ($${\text{t}}$$ t or $${\text{t}} - 6$$ t - 6 days). BW, FI, and Gain of males and females at the two ages were considered as separate traits, resulting in a 12-trait model. Phenotypic RFI ($${\text{RFI}}_{\text{P}}$$ RFI P ) and genetic RFI ($${\text{RFI}}_{\text{G}}$$ RFI G ) were estimated from a conditional distribution of FI given BW and Gain using partial phenotypic and partial genetic regression coefficients, respectively. Results Posterior means of heritability for BW, FI and Gain were moderately high and estimates were significantly different between males and females at the same age for all traits. In addition, the genetic correlations between male and female traits at the same age were significantly different from 1, which suggests a sex-by-genotype interaction. Genetic correlations between $${\text{RFI}}_{\text{P}}$$ RFI P and $${\text{RFI}}_{\text{G }}$$ RFI G were significantly different from 1 at an older age but not at a younger age. Conclusions The results of the multivariate Bayesian analyses in this study showed that genetic evaluation for production and feed efficiency traits should take sex and age differences into account to increase accuracy of selection and genetic gain. Moreover, for communicating with stakeholders, it is easier to explain results from selection on $${\text{RFI}}_{\text{G}}$$ RFI G than selection on $${\text{RFI}}_{\text{P}}$$ RFI P , since $${\text{RFI}}_{\text{G}}$$ RFI G is genetically independent of production traits and it explains the efficiency of birds in nutrient utilization independently of energy requirements for production and maintenance.

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