scholarly journals Screening of Marine Bioactive Antimicrobial Compounds for Plant Pathogens

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
Hejing Zhao ◽  
Xiaolin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Functional Mechanisms ◽  
Active Substances

Plant diseases have been threatening food production. Controlling plant pathogens has become an important strategy to ensure food security. Although chemical control is an effective disease control strategy, its application is limited by many problems, such as environmental impact and pathogen resistance. In order to overcome these problems, it is necessary to develop more chemical reagents with new functional mechanisms. Due to their special living environment, marine organisms have produced a variety of bioactive compounds with novel structures, which have the potential to develop new fungicides. In the past two decades, screening marine bioactive compounds to inhibit plant pathogens has been a hot topic. In this review, we summarize the screening methods of marine active substances from plant pathogens, the identification of marine active substances from different sources, and the structure and antibacterial mechanism of marine active natural products. Finally, the application prospect of marine bioactive substances in plant disease control was prospected.

scholarly journals Lesson from Ecotoxicity: Revisiting the Microbial Lipopeptides for the Management of Emerging Diseases for Crop Protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1434
Author(s):  
Deepti Malviya ◽  
Pramod Kumar Sahu ◽  
Udai B. Singh ◽  
Surinder Paul ◽  
Amrita Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition

Microorganisms area treasure in terms of theproduction of various bioactive compounds which are being explored in different arenas of applied sciences. In agriculture, microbes and their bioactive compounds are being utilized in growth promotion and health promotion withnutrient fortification and its acquisition. Exhaustive explorations are unraveling the vast diversity of microbialcompounds with their potential usage in solving multiferous problems incrop production. Lipopeptides are one of such microbial compounds which havestrong antimicrobial properties against different plant pathogens. These compounds are reported to be produced by bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, and few other microorganisms; however, genus Bacillus alone produces a majority of diverse lipopeptides. Lipopeptides are low molecular weight compounds which havemultiple industrial roles apart from being usedas biosurfactants and antimicrobials. In plant protection, lipopeptides have wide prospects owing totheirpore-forming ability in pathogens, siderophore activity, biofilm inhibition, and dislodging activity, preventing colonization bypathogens, antiviral activity, etc. Microbes with lipopeptides that haveall these actions are good biocontrol agents. Exploring these antimicrobial compounds could widen the vistasof biological pest control for existing and emerging plant pathogens. The broader diversity and strong antimicrobial behavior of lipopeptides could be a boon for dealing withcomplex pathosystems and controlling diseases of greater economic importance. Understanding which and how these compounds modulate the synthesis and production of defense-related biomolecules in the plants is a key question—the answer of whichneeds in-depth investigation. The present reviewprovides a comprehensive picture of important lipopeptides produced by plant microbiome, their isolation, characterization, mechanisms of disease control, behavior against phytopathogens to understand different aspects of antagonism, and potential prospects for future explorations as antimicrobial agents. Understanding and exploring the antimicrobial lipopeptides from bacteria and fungi could also open upan entire new arena of biopesticides for effective control of devastating plant diseases.

scholarly journals RNA interference approaches for plant disease control

BioTechniques ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-477
Author(s):  
Yen-Wen Kuo ◽  
Bryce W Falk
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Plant Disease Control

Plant diseases caused by a variety of pathogens can have severe effects on crop plants and even plants in natural ecosystems. Despite many effective conventional approaches to control plant diseases, new, efficacious, environmentally sound and cost-effective approaches are needed, particularly with our increasing human population and the effects on crop production and plant health caused by climate change. RNA interference (RNAi) is a gene regulation and antiviral response mechanism in eukaryotes; transgenic and non transgenic plant-based RNAi approaches have shown great effectiveness and potential to target specific plant pathogens and help control plant diseases, especially when no alternatives are available. Here we discuss ways in which RNAi has been used against different plant pathogens, and some new potential applications for plant disease control.

scholarly journals Traditional and current-prospective methods of agricultural plant diseases detection: A review

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
A Khakimov ◽  
I Salakhutdinov ◽  
A Omolikov ◽  
S Utaganov
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Phylogenetic Identification

Abstract As it is known, a significant part of the yield of agricultural crops is lost due to harmful organisms, including diseases. The article reveals the data on the widespread types of plant diseases (rot, wilting, deformation, the formation of tumors, pustules, etc.) and their symptoms. Early identification of the pathogen type of plant infection is of high significance for disease control. Various methods are used to diagnose pathogens of disease on plant. This article discusses the review of the literature data on traditional methods for diagnosis of plant pathogens, such as visual observation, microscopy, mycological analysis, and biological diagnostics or the use of indicator plants. Rapid and reliable detection of plant disease and identification of its pathogen is the first and most important stage in disease control. Early identification of the cause of the disease allows timely selection of the proper protection method and ensures prevention of crop losses. There are a number of traditional methods for identifying plant diseases, however, in order to ensure the promptness and reliability of diagnostics, as well as to eliminate the shortcomings inherent in traditional diagnostics, in recent years, new means and technologies for identifying pathogens have been developed and introduced into practice. As well as the article provides information on such innovative methods of diagnosis of diseases and identification of their pathogens, which are used widely in the world today, such as immunodiagnostics, molecular-genetic (and phylogenetic) identification, mass spectrometry, etc.

scholarly journals Screening the antifungal properties of essential oils against Phytophthora colocasiae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Talib Kalhoro ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Ghulam Mujtaba Kalhoro ◽  
Yahya Faqir ◽  
Fukai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Phytophthora Colocasiae ◽  
Worldwide Production ◽  
Leaf Necrosis

Abstract Recently Microbicidal and micro-static activities of naturally obtained botanicals have been extensively explored, generally in response to the devastating apprehension of consumers towards the safety of edible products. However, scientists are paying more interest in using bio pesticides and phytochemicals that constitute environmentally favorable, non-toxic, long-lasting, and productive substitutes for preventing many hazardous plant pathogens. This research aimed to investigate the antifungal capabilities of sage and tea tree essential oils towards taro leaf blight, the most important cause of worldwide production losses. Using synthetic fungicides is a rapid and effective approach for controlling plant diseases, but it also creates human health risks, environmental threats, and chances of pathogen resistance. The essential oils of sage and tea tree were obtained by microwave-assisted hydro-distillation, and their chemical components were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. The main components of the oil were Thujone and Terpinen-4-ol, in sage and tea, respectively. A casual disease agent isolated from symptomatic taro leaves is used as a test fungus and identified as Phytophthora colocasiae. The antifungal properties of both essential oils were evaluated against mycelium, sporangium, zoospores, leaf necrosis, and corm lesions. Repeated experiments showed that the minimum concentrations for obtaining 100% inhibition of mycelium, zoospore germination, sporangia formation, and leaf necrosis were estimated at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL of sage and tea tree oils, respectively. Outcomes of this study provide an allusion for the prevention and curation of plant diseases promptly, economically, and environmentally by using phytochemicals and plant essential oil derivatives.

Determination of Flavonoids, Phenolic Acids and Alkaloids in Different Varieties of Mulberry Leaves

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1248-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Min Zhang ◽  
Ting Jun Ma ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
Qing Ling Bi ◽  
Jian Qiu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Mulberry Leaves ◽  
Total Flavonoids Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Active Substances

In order to study the impact of cultivar, harvesting time, growth part and fixation on the bioactive compounds contents in mulberry leaves, four cultivars of mulberry leaves were analyzed for their total flavonoids content, total phenolic acids content, and alkaloids content. The results indicated that cultivar, harvesting time, growth part and fixation markedly affected the bioactive compounds content in mulberry leaves. XianghaiNo.1 contents the highest phenolic and alkaloids among the four cultivars, about4.25% and 10.33%. Contents of the bioactive compounds reduced as the part of leaves rises up. The highest content of the parts is the tip of leaves, about 4.25%, 10.33%, 8.49%.With the pushing of harvest time, the contents of the bioactive compounds showed a decreasing trend after the first increase, harvested in mid-August reached the highest, about 7.09%, 10.33%, 8.65%. Mulberry leaves had no fixation contains higher bioactive compounds, about 2.89%, 8.64%, and 4.81%. On the basis of these data, XianghaiNo.1 is suggested to be the best cultivar; tips of mulberry leaves containing more biological active substances; and the best harvest period is mid-August; also, in order to ensure the content of bioactive substances in mulberry leaves, the fixing technology need to be improved.

scholarly journals Sea Buckthorn Vegetative Parts – A Good Source of Bioactive Compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elga Šnē ◽  
Ruta Galoburda ◽  
Dalija Segliņa
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Biological Active Substances

In recent years, due to the health problems and better life expectancy, natural sources of bioactive substances have gained wide interest. Sea buckthorn is well known as a valuable plant and is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases and disorders. A considerable amount of literature has been published on sea buckthorn berries, although all parts of sea buckthorn plant are considered as a source of a large amount of biological active substances, and believed to have beneficial health effects. Therefore, vegetative parts would be a good raw material not only for medicinal, cosmetic and pharmaceutical properties, but also for the food industry. This has increased the research on different sea buckthorn vegetative parts and their extract activity and toxicity. Sea buckthorn leaves have attracted interest during the past few years as the most promising source of active compounds after berries. They contain a wide range of hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive compounds, which exhibit remarkable anti-oxidant potential together with anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-tumour and anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, extracts of the plant leaves could be used as natural replacements for synthetic additives and for food products with functional properties. This creates the need to investigate the biochemical content of sea buckthorn vegetative parts grown in Latvia.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

scholarly journals Microbial antagonists against plant pathogens in Iran: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Alizadeh ◽  
Yalda Vasebi ◽  
Naser Safaie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Published Research

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to give a comprehensive review of the published research works on biological control of different fungal, bacterial, and nematode plant diseases in Iran from 1992 to 2018. Plant pathogens cause economical loss in many agricultural products in Iran. In an attempt to prevent these serious losses, chemical control measures have usually been applied to reduce diseases in farms, gardens, and greenhouses. In recent decades, using the biological control against plant diseases has been considered as a beneficial and alternative method to chemical control due to its potential in integrated plant disease management as well as the increasing yield in an eco-friendly manner. Based on the reported studies, various species of Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus were the most common biocontrol agents with the ability to control the wide range of plant pathogens in Iran from lab to the greenhouse and field conditions.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of Secondary Metabolites Compounds Isolated from Phylum Actinobacteria and Its Therapeutic Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4504
Author(s):  
Muhanna Al-shaibani ◽  
Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed ◽  
Nik Sidik ◽  
Hesham Enshasy ◽  
Adel Al-Gheethi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications

The current review aims to summarise the biodiversity and biosynthesis of novel secondary metabolites compounds, of the phylum Actinobacteria and the diverse range of secondary metabolites produced that vary depending on its ecological environments they inhabit. Actinobacteria creates a wide range of bioactive substances that can be of great value to public health and the pharmaceutical industry. The literature analysis process for this review was conducted using the VOSviewer software tool to visualise the bibliometric networks of the most relevant databases from the Scopus database in the period between 2010 and 22 March 2021. Screening and exploring the available literature relating to the extreme environments and ecosystems that Actinobacteria inhabit aims to identify new strains of this major microorganism class, producing unique novel bioactive compounds. The knowledge gained from these studies is intended to encourage scientists in the natural product discovery field to identify and characterise novel strains containing various bioactive gene clusters with potential clinical applications. It is evident that Actinobacteria adapted to survive in extreme environments represent an important source of a wide range of bioactive compounds. Actinobacteria have a large number of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. They can synthesise thousands of subordinate metabolites with different biological actions such as anti-bacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-fungal, anti-virus, anti-cancer and growth-promoting compounds. These are highly significant economically due to their potential applications in the food, nutrition and health industries and thus support our communities’ well-being.

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