scholarly journals Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol/d-Limonene Fibers Prepared by Ultrasonic Processing for Antibacterial Active Packaging Material

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Lan ◽  
Xue Liang ◽  
Wenting Lan ◽  
Saeed Ahmed ◽  
Yaowen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Active Packaging ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Ultrasonic Processing ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Thermal Gravimetry ◽  
Ultrasonication Time

Novel fibers containing different ratios of PVA and d-limonene were fabricated using electrospinning for antibacterial active packaging applications. The PVA/d-limonene fibers were thoroughly characterized using a scanning electron microscope, fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, thermal gravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile tests, and oxygen permeability tests. The results of these analyses showed that the highest tensile strength and elongation at break values of 3.87 ± 0.25 MPa and 55.62 ± 2.93%, respectively, were achieved for a PVA/d-limonene ratio of 7:3 (v/v) and an ultrasonication time of 15 min during processing. This material also showed the lowest oxygen permeation and the best degradability and bacteriostatic properties of all samples.

Effect of Beeswax on Functional and Structural Properties of Soy Protein Isolate Films

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 1396-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Hong Li ◽  
Kuan Guo ◽  
Xiao Yan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Soy Protein Isolate ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break

This paper explains and demonstrates the effects of beeswax on functional and structural properties of soy protein isolate films, containing different glycerol. The results showed that percentage elongation at break, water vapor permeability, and transparency of soy protein isolate films decreased when the beeswax content increased, but tensile strength and oxygen permeability increased. The higher the glycerol content, the higher the film water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability, and transparency. The results of differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that beeswax cross-linked with soy protein isolate molecules via connecting with glycerol, composed the film matrix.

scholarly journals Application of Adzuki Bean Starch in Antioxidant Films Containing Cocoa Nibs Extract

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujin Kim ◽  
Su-Kyoung Baek ◽  
Eunjeong Go ◽  
Kyung Song
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Active Packaging ◽  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Biodegradable Film ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

In this study, starch extracted from adzuki bean (ABS) was used as a biodegradable film source. In addition, to develop a new antioxidant film, various amounts of cocoa nibs extract (CNE, 0.3%, 0.7%, and 1%) were incorporated. With the addition of CNE, the elongation at break of the ABS films increased and the tensile strength decreased. The ABS films with CNE showed increased 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities with increasing amounts of CNE. In particular, the ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities of the ABS films containing 1% CNE were 100% and 94.9%, respectively. Furthermore, decomposition of the films was observed after 28 days of biodegradation. Thus, ABS films containing CNE can be applied as a new active packaging material.

scholarly journals Effect of a Small Amount of Thermoplastic Starch Blend on the Mechanical Recycling of Conventional Plastics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Åkesson ◽  
Gauthaman Kuzhanthaivelu ◽  
Martin Bohlén
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Strong Reduction ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break

Abstract The usage of bioplastics could increase in the future which may cause contamination of the waste streams of conventional plastics. The objective of this study was to investigate if a small amount of biopolymer contaminating conventional polymers would significantly affect mechanical and thermal properties. A starch-based plastic was first compounded by blending plasticised starch with PLA (polylactic acid). This polymer blend was subsequently compounded with HDPE (high density polyethylene), PP (polypropylene) or PET (polyethylene terephthalate) at 0%, 1% and 5% of the biopolymer. The compounds were characterised by tensile tests, Charpy impact tests, DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy). Tests showed that PE and PP were not significantly affected in terms of tensile strength and modulus but the elongation at break showed a strong reduction. PET was, on the other hand, incompatible with the starch-based plastic. Already at 1% contamination, PET had lost most of its impact strength.

scholarly journals Development of a new poly-ε-caprolactone with low melting point for creating a thermoset mask used in radiation therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Aoyama ◽  
Koichiro Uto ◽  
Hidetoshi Shimizu ◽  
Mitsuhiro Ebara ◽  
Tomoki Kitagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Deformation Ability

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) material that has a low melting point while maintaining the deformation ability. The new PCL (abbreviated as 4b45/2b20) was fabricated by mixing two types of PCL with different molecular weights, numbers of branches, and physical properties. To investigate the melting point, crystallization temperature, elastic modulus, and elongation at break for 4b45/2b20 and three commercially available masks, differential scanning calorimetry and tensile tests were performed. The melting point of 4b45/2b20 was 46.0 °C, and that of the commercially available masks was approximately 56.0 °C (55.7 °C–56.5 °C). The elastic modulus at 60 °C of 4b45/2b20 was significantly lower than the commercially available masks (1.1 ± 0.3 MPa and 46.3 ± 5.4 MPa, p = 0.0357). In addition, the elongation at break of 4b45/2b20 were significantly larger than the commercially available masks (275.2 ± 25.0% and 216.0 ± 15.2%, p = 0.0347). The crystallization temperature of 4b45/2b20 (22.1 °C) was clinically acceptable and no significant difference was found in the elastic modulus at 23 °C (253.7 ± 24.3 MPa and 282.0 ± 44.3 MPa, p = 0.4). As a shape memory-based thermoset material, 4b45/2b20 has a low melting point and large deformation ability. In addition, the crystallization temperature and strength are within the clinically acceptable standards. Because masks made using the new PCL material are formed with less pressure on the face than commercially available masks, it is a promising material for making a radiotherapy mask that can reduce the burden on patients.

Study on epoxy resin with high elongation-at-break using polyamide and polyether amine as a two-component curing agent

e-Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-439
Author(s):  
Shunsheng Su ◽  
Haiqing Wang ◽  
Chuanjian Zhou ◽  
Yanxiang Wang ◽  
Jianjun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Epoxy Curing ◽  
Two Component ◽  
High Elongation ◽  
Amine Curing ◽  
Modified Epoxy

AbstractThis study aimed to improve the flexibility of E-51 epoxy resin by using polyamide/polyether amine as a two-component curing agent. Through solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR), it was found that the cross-linking density of epoxy resin could be effectively reduced by adding the polyamide and polyether amine curing agent. The tensile tests showed that the elongation-at-break was remarkably improved. It was found by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) that the curing behavior of the polyamide epoxy curing system varied with the addition of different polyether amine. Phase contrast microscope showed that phase separation occurred during the reaction of epoxy resin with the polyamide/polyether amine composite curing agent. In this paper, the modified epoxy resin was endowed with high elongation-at-break (>100%) and appropriate tensile strength (10~20 MPa).

Thermal Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) Modified Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-4-Hydroxbutyrate)

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 677-685
Author(s):  
Mei Li ◽  
Zhi Qiang Li ◽  
Wei Shao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Good Flow

The thermal properties of poly (lactic acid)[PLA] modified poly (3 –hydroxybutyrate –co-4 -hydroxbutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB)], prepared by melt blending with different blending ratios were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry [DSC], thermogravimetry [TGA], melt flow rate [MFR] and tensile test measurements, and scanning electron microscopy [SEM]. The DSC tests showed that the glass transition temperature, Tg, of P(3HB-co-4HB) increased from-7°C to 56°C when mixed with 50% to 67% of PLA. A decrease in crystallization temperature, Tc, of P(3HB-co-4HB) broadened the melting interval. The MFR tests indicated the blends had good flow properties and the variation of the PLA content had little effect on the flow properties. The tensile tests showed that PLA improved the mechanical properties of P(3HB-co-4HB), including the tensile strength and elongation at break. The blends had the best mechanical properties when the percentage of PLA was 64%.

scholarly journals Wastes from Agricultural Silage Film Recycling Line as a Potential Polymer Materials

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1383
Author(s):  
Jerzy Korol ◽  
Aleksander Hejna ◽  
Klaudiusz Wypiór ◽  
Krzysztof Mijalski ◽  
Ewelina Chmielnicka
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallinity Degree

The recycling of plastics is currently one of the most significant industrial challenges. Due to the enormous amounts of plastic wastes generated by various industry branches, it is essential to look for potential methods for their utilization. In the presented work, we investigated the recycling potential of wastes originated from the agricultural films recycling line. Their structure and properties were analyzed, and they were modified with 2.5 wt % of commercially available compatibilizers. The mechanical and thermal performance of modified wastes were evaluated by tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that incorporation of such a small amount of modifiers may overcome the drawbacks caused by the presence of impurities. The incorporation of maleic anhydride-grafted compounds enhanced the tensile strength of wastes by 13–25%. The use of more ductile compatibilizers—ethylene-vinyl acetate and paraffin increased the elongation at break by 55–64%. The presence of compatibilizers also reduced the stiffness of materials resulting from the presence of solid particles. It was particularly emphasized for styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, which caused up to a 20% drop of Young’s modulus. Such effects may facilitate the further applications of analyzed wastes, e.g., in polymer film production. Thermal performance was only slightly affected by compatibilization. It caused a slight reduction in polyethylene melting temperatures (up to 2.8 °C) and crystallinity degree (up to 16%). For more contaminated materials, the addition of compatibilizers caused a minor reduction in the decomposition onset (up to 6 °C). At the same time, for the waste after three washing cycles, thermal stability was improved. Moreover, depending on the desired properties and application, materials do not have to go through the whole recycling line, simplifying the process, reducing energy and water consumption. The presented results indicate that it is possible to efficiently use the materials, which do not have to undergo the whole recycling process. Despite the presence of impurities, they could be applied in the manufacturing of products which do not require exceptional mechanical performance.

scholarly journals Characterization of Beeswax, Candelilla Wax and Paraffin Wax for Coating Cheeses

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Adolfo Bucio ◽  
Rosario Moreno-Tovar ◽  
Lauro Bucio ◽  
Jessica Espinosa-Dávila ◽  
Francisco Anguebes-Franceschi
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Paraffin Wax ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Ductile Behavior ◽  
Candelilla Wax

A study on the physical and mechanical properties of beeswax (BW), candelilla wax (CW), paraffin wax (PW) and blends was carried out with the aim to evaluate their usefulness as coatings for cheeses. Waxes were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), permeability, viscosity, flexural and tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy. Cheeses were coated with the waxes and stored for 5 weeks at 30 °C. Measured parameters were weight, moisture, occurrence and degree of fractures, and dimensional changes. The crystal phases identified by XRD for the three waxes allowed them to determine the length of alkanes and the nonlinear compounds in crystallizable forms in waxes. FTIR spectra showed absorption bands between 1800 and 800 cm−1 related to carbonyls in BW and CW. In DSC, the onset of melting temperature was 45.5 °C for BW, and >54 °C for CW and PW. Cheeses coated with BW did not show cracks after storage. Cheeses coated with CW and PW showed microcraks, and lost weight, moisture and shrunk. In the flexural and tensile tests, BW was ductile; CW and PW were brittle. BW blends with CW or PW displays a semi ductile behavior. Cheeses coated with BW blends lost less than 5% weight during storage. The best waxes were BW and the blends.

scholarly journals Metallization of Thermoplastic Polymers and Composites 3D Printed by Fused Filament Fabrication

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Alessia Romani ◽  
Andrea Mantelli ◽  
Paolo Tralli ◽  
Stefano Turri ◽  
Marinella Levi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymers ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Fused filament fabrication allows the direct manufacturing of customized and complex products although the layer-by-layer appearance of this process strongly affects the surface quality of the final parts. In recent years, an increasing number of post-processing treatments has been developed for the most used materials. Contrarily to other additive manufacturing technologies, metallization is not a common surface treatment for this process despite the increasing range of high-performing 3D printable materials. The objective of this work is to explore the use of physical vapor deposition sputtering for the chromium metallization of thermoplastic polymers and composites obtained by fused filament fabrication. The thermal and mechanical properties of five materials were firstly evaluated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and tensile tests. Meanwhile, a specific finishing torture test sample was designed and 3D printed to perform the metallization process and evaluate the finishing on different geometrical features. Furthermore, the roughness of the samples was measured before and after the metallization, and a cost analysis was performed to assess the cost-efficiency. To sum up, the metallization of five samples made with different materials was successfully achieved. Although some 3D printing defects worsened after the post-processing treatment, good homogeneity on the finest details was reached. These promising results may encourage further experimentations as well as the development of new applications, i.e., for the automotive and furniture fields.

scholarly journals Mechanical, Thermal and Rheological Properties of Polyethylene-Based Composites Filled with Micrometric Aluminum Powder

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Olga Mysiukiewicz ◽  
Paulina Kosmela ◽  
Mateusz Barczewski ◽  
Aleksander Hejna
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Metal Composites ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Investigations related to polymer/metal composites are often limited to the analysis of the electrical and thermal conductivity of the materials. The presented study aims to analyze the impact of aluminum (Al) filler content (from 1 to 20 wt%) on the rarely investigated properties of composites based on the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix. The crystalline structure, rheological (melt flow index and oscillatory rheometry), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry), as well as static (tensile tests, hardness, rebound resilience) and dynamic (dynamical mechanical analysis) mechanical properties of composites were investigated. The incorporation of 1 and 2 wt% of aluminum filler resulted in small enhancements of mechanical properties, while loadings of 5 and 10 wt% provided materials with a similar performance to neat HDPE. Such results were supported by the lack of disturbances in the rheological behavior of composites. The presented results indicate that a significant content of aluminum filler may be introduced into the HDPE matrix without additional pre-treatment and does not cause the deterioration of composites’ performance, which should be considered beneficial when engineering PE/metal composites.

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