scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effects of Biogenic Nanoparticles

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Abhroop Garg ◽  
Santosh Pandit ◽  
V. Mokkapati ◽  
Ivan Mijakovic
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Biogenic Nanoparticles

Infectious diseases pose one of the greatest health challenges in the medical world. Though numerous antimicrobial drugs are commercially available, they often lack effectiveness against recently developed multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganisms. This results in high antibiotic dose administration and a need to develop new antibiotics, which in turn requires time, money, and labor investments. Recently, biogenic metallic nanoparticles have proven their effectiveness against MDR microorganisms, individually and in synergy with the current/conventional antibiotics. Importantly, biogenic nanoparticles are easy to produce, facile, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly in nature. In addition, biogenic nanoparticles are surrounded by capping layers, which provide them with biocompatibility and long-term stability. Moreover, these capping layers provide an active surface for interaction with biological components, facilitated by free active surface functional groups. These groups are available for modification, such as conjugation with antimicrobial drugs, genes, and peptides, in order to enhance their efficacy and delivery. This review summarizes the conventional antibiotic treatments and highlights the benefits of using nanoparticles in combating infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy of Biogenic Silver and Zinc Nanocrystals/Nanoparticles to Combat the Drug Resistance in Human Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulzar Ahmed Rather ◽  
Saqib Hassan ◽  
Surajit Pal ◽  
Mohd Hashim Khan ◽  
Heshu Sulaiman Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Biogenic Nanoparticles

The emergence of biogenic nanomaterials as novel antimicrobials introduces a new paradigm in human health care. Based on the recent reports of the World Health Organization, infectious diseases pose one of the greatest health challenges. Increased multi-drug resistance prevalence among human pathogens, due to the inefficiency of commercially available antimicrobial drugs in the market is a great threat to humans. The poor solubility, stability and side effects of the antibacterial therapy prompted the researchers to explore new innovative strategies for developing new antimicrobials. Recently, biogenic nanoparticles have proven their effectiveness against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens as an alternative to conventional antibiotics. Biogenic nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are easy to produce, biocompatible, provide enhanced uptake and are eco-friendly. Moreover, the capping of the biogenic nanocrystals provides an active surface for interaction with biological components, facilitated by free active surface functional groups to enhance their efficacy and delivery. Inorganic nanocrystals (AgNPs and ZnONPs) are effective both as nano-bactericides and as nanocarriers against sensitive and MDR) pathogens. The present chapter focuses on the utilization of the recent nanosystems to combat drug resistance in human pathogens. Nanomedicine represents a new generation of potiential antimicrobial candidates capable of combating the drug resistance in various pathogenic organisms.

A quest to the therapeutic arsenal: Novel strategies to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Ashwath ◽  
Akhila Dharnappa Sannejal
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Short Palindromic Repeat ◽  
Prevention Of Infections ◽  
Resistant Bacterial Strain ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

: The increasing resistance of the disease-causing pathogens to antimicrobial drugs is a public health concern and a socio-economic burden. The emergence of multi-drug resistant strains has made it harder to treat and combat infectious diseases with available conventional antibiotics. There are currently few effective therapeutic regimens for the successful prevention of infections caused by drug-resistant microbes. The various alternative strategies used in the recent past to decrease and limit antibiotic resistance in pathogens include bacteriophages, vaccines, anti-biofilm peptides, and antimicrobial peptides. However, in this review, we focus on the novel and robust molecular approach of antisense RNA (asRNA) technology and the clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based antibiotic therapy, which can be exploited to selectively eradicate the drug-resistant bacterial strain in a sequence-specific fashion establishing opportunities in the treatment of multi-drug resistant related infections.

scholarly journals Efficacy and potential of phage therapy against multidrug resistantShigellaspp.

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swee-Seong Tang ◽  
Sudhangshu Kumar Biswas ◽  
Wen Siang Tan ◽  
Ananda Kumar Saha ◽  
Bey-Fen Leo
Keyword(s):  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Selection Of

Shigella-infected bacillary dysentery or commonly known as Shigellosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The gradual emergence of multidrug resistantShigellaspp. has triggered the search for alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Phage therapy could be one such suitable alternative, given its proven long term safety profile as well as the rapid expansion of phage therapy research. To be successful, phage therapy will need an adequate regulatory framework, effective strategies, the proper selection of appropriate phages, early solutions to overcome phage therapy limitations, the implementation of safety protocols, and finally improved public awareness. To achieve all these criteria and successfully apply phage therapy against multidrug resistant shigellosis, a comprehensive study is required. In fact, a variety of phage-based approaches and products including single phages, phage cocktails, mutated phages, genetically engineered phages, and combinations of phages with antibiotics have already been carried out to test the applications of phage therapy against multidrug resistantShigella.This review provides a broad survey of phage treatments from past to present, focusing on the history, applications, limitations and effective solutions related to, as well as the prospects for, the use of phage therapy against multidrug resistantShigellaspp. and other multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Shiga toxin-producing E. coli Isolated from Different Sources

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Momna Rubab ◽  
Deog-Hwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Foodborne Illnesses ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an enteric pathogen associated with human gastroenteritis outbreaks. Extensive use of antibiotics in agriculture selects resistant bacteria that may enter the food chain and potentially causes foodborne illnesses in humans that are less likely to respond to treatment with conventional antibiotics. Due to the importance of antibiotic resistance, this study aimed to investigate the combination of phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance in STEC isolates belonging to serogroups O26, O45, O103, O104, O111, O121, O145, and O157 using disc diffusion and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. All strains were phenotypically resistant to at least one antibiotic, with 100% resistance to erythromycin, followed by gentamicin (98%), streptomycin (82%), kanamycin (76%), and ampicillin (72%). The distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the STEC strains was ampC (47%), aadA1 (70%), ere(A) (88%), blaSHV (19%), blaCMY (27%), aac(3)-I (90%), and tet(A) (35%), respectively. The results suggest that most of the strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and the most often observed resistant pattern was of aadA1, ere(A), and aac(3)-I genes. These findings indicate the significance of monitoring the prevalence of MDR in both animals and humans around the globe. Hence, with a better understanding of antibiotic genotypes and phenotypes among the diverse STEC strains obtained, this study could guide the administration of antimicrobial drugs in STEC infections when necessary.

scholarly journals The Strategies of Pathogen-Oriented Therapy on Circumventing Antimicrobial Resistance

Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Zifang Shang ◽  
Siew Yin Chan ◽  
Qing Song ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies

The emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses serious threats to the global public health. Conventional antibiotics have been eclipsed in combating with drug-resistant bacteria. Moreover, the developing and deploying of novel antimicrobial drugs have trudged, as few new antibiotics are being developed over time and even fewer of them can hit the market. Alternative therapeutic strategies to resolve the AMR crisis are urgently required. Pathogen-oriented therapy (POT) springs up as a promising approach in circumventing antibiotic resistance. The tactic underling POT is applying antibacterial compounds or materials directly to infected regions to treat specific bacteria species or strains with goals of improving the drug efficacy and reducing nontargeting and the development of drug resistance. This review exemplifies recent trends in the development of POTs for circumventing AMR, including the adoption of antibiotic-antibiotic conjugates, antimicrobial peptides, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, nanotechnologies, CRISPR-Cas systems, and microbiota modulations. Employing these alternative approaches alone or in combination shows promising advantages for addressing the growing clinical embarrassment of antibiotics in fighting drug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Structural, morphological and catalytic characteristics of nanostructured palladium catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2086 (1) ◽  
pp. 012203
Author(s):  
P D Pushankina ◽  
I S Lutsenko ◽  
I S Glazkova ◽  
T I Malkov ◽  
M A Mukhanov
Keyword(s):  
Palladium Catalysts ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Methanol Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Catalyst Synthesis ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Highly Active

Abstract A new method for the highly active palladium catalyst synthesis on the surface of a Pd-23%Ag film has been developed to increase the material activity with respect to reactions involving hydrogen. Comparison of the electrochemical experiments data of classical palladium black and a new developed nanocatalyst demonstrated a significant increase in catalytic activity in the methanol oxidation reaction (up to 17.09 μA cm−2) for electrodes modified with the latter catalyst. The reason for that is an increase in the number of localized potentially more active surface regions due to the creation of a larger number of active sites in comparison with spherical particles. Estimation of resistance to CO poisoning showed high efficiency of nanocatalysts. Chronoamperometric experiment established the long-term stability and activity of the developed catalyst and confirmed the possibility of its practical use.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage Structure, Classification, Assembly and Phage Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-250
Author(s):  
Nabanita Giri
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
And Function ◽  
Structure Configuration

Current emergence of multidrug resistance and limitations in the development of the new antibiotics has proposed the problem of treating bacterial infections more challenging. This scenario may lead to the fear of failure in treating the multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections and fuelled the uses of bacteriophages as an alternative of the conventional antibiotics in the post antibiotic era.So it is very much essential to know about the details of phage life cycle, assembly of phage complete structure, configuration and function of phage associated proteins etc. Although phages have been discovered a century ego, detailed study about lytic phages are gaining more interest in global fight against MDR bacterial species. This review has highlighted the basic knowledge of bacteriophage with the past and present scenario of several clinical studies targeting the MDR bacterial species. On the other hand it also discussed about the other uses of phages except human clinical trials.

scholarly journals Efficient Oxidase Biosensors Based on Bioelectrocatalytic Surfaces of Electrodeposited Ferrocenyl Polycyclosiloxanes—Pt Nanoparticles

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Alvaro Boluda ◽  
Carmen Casado ◽  
Beatriz Alonso ◽  
M. García Armada
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Pt Nanoparticles ◽  
Covalent Immobilization ◽  
New Device ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Fish Meat

The in-situ synthesis of catalytic surfaces with metallic nanoparticles must overcome the issues related to particle aggregation and polydispersity in the particle size. This work achieves it by using two electrodeposited ferrocenyl polycyclosiloxane polymers (MFPP and FPP) as templates for electro-synthesize Pt nanoparticles (PtNPS). In addition, this new electrode surface combines two efficient electrocatalysts: Ferrocene and Pt nanoparticles, with synergistic biocatalytic properties that constitute an electrocatalytic framework for the covalent immobilization of xanthine oxidase. In this work, we present the results of the kinetic, electrochemical and analytical studies of the prepared electrodes. These results showed that the PtNPs/FPP system is the best bioelectrocatalytic surface and improves other more complex xanthine oxidase devices based on the hydrogen peroxide oxidation, allowing the use of lower measuring potential with good sensitivity, wider linear ranges and low detection limits. In addition, this electrode provides the novelty of allowing the measurement of xanthine through the enzymatic consumption of oxygen at potential −0.1 V with a sensitivity of 1.10 A M−1 cm−2, linear ranges of 0.01–0.1 and 0.1–1.4 mM, low detection limit (48 nM) and long-term stability. The new device has been successfully applied to the determination of xanthine in fish meat.

scholarly journals Flower-Like MoSe2/MoO2 Composite with High Capacity and Long-Term Stability for Lithium-Ion Battery

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuyan Hao ◽  
Guoliang Cui ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Zhumabay Bakenov
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Specific Discharge

A simple method is developed for the preparation of MoSe2/MoO2 composite with a flower-like structure for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). MoSe2 could lead to fast and facile movement of Li+ due to its larger interlayer spacing. Meanwhile, MoO2 could protect the lamellar structure of MoSe2 from being destroyed in the charging/discharging processes to maintain the required active surface to electrolytes. In addition, the flower-like structure of the composite could effectively alleviate the volume expansion during charging/discharging. As LIBs are anode material, MoSe2/MoO2 composite demonstrates an excellent specific discharge capacity of 1042 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, which is attributed to the synergistic effects of MoSe2 and MoO2 in the composite.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Different Nanobiotics Targeting Multidrug Resistant and Biofilm Forming Staphylococci

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mennatallah A. Mohamed ◽  
Maha Nasr ◽  
Walid F. Elkhatib ◽  
Wafaa N. Eltayeb
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Antibiotic-resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria have surprisingly increased over recent years. On the contrary, the rate of development of new antibiotics to treat these emerging superbugs is very slow. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prepare novel nanobiotic formulations to improve the antimicrobial activity of three antibiotics (linezolid, doxycycline, and clindamycin) against Staphylococci. Antibiotics were formulated as nanoemulsions and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicities. Cytotoxicity of the conventional antibiotics and nanobiotics was analyzed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on rat hepatocytes. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was estimated from an experimentally derived dose-response curve for each concentration using GraphPad Prism software. Upon quantitative assessment of Staphylococcus biofilm formation, eighty-four isolates (66.14 %) were biofilm forming. Linezolid and doxycycline nanobiotics exhibited promising antibacterial activities. On the contrary, clindamycin nanobiotic exhibited poor antibacterial activity. Minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations showed that 73.68 %, 45.6%, and 5.2% of isolates were sensitive to linezolid, doxycycline, and clindamycin nanobiotics, respectively. Results of this study revealed that antibiotics loaded in nanosystems had a higher antimicrobial activity and lower cytotoxicities as compared to those of conventional free antibiotics, indicating their potential therapeutic values.

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