scholarly journals Research Progress on the Functions of Gasotransmitters in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yandong Yao ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Changxia Li ◽  
Dengjing Huang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Near Future ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abiotic stress is one of the major threats affecting plant growth and production. The harm of abiotic stresses includes the disruption of cellular redox homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and oxidative stress in the plant. Plants have different mechanisms to fight stress, and these mechanisms are responsible for maintaining the required homeostasis in plants. Recently, the study of gasotransmitters in plants has attracted much attention, especially for abiotic stress. In the present review, abiotic stressors were mostly found to induce gasotransmitter production in plants. Meanwhile, these gasotransmitters can enhance the activity of several antioxidant enzymes, alleviate the harmfulness of ROS, and enhance plant tolerance under various stress conditions. In addition, we introduced the interaction of gasotransmitters in plants under abiotic stress. With their promising applications in agriculture, gasotransmitters will be adopted in the near future.

scholarly journals The Role of Stress-Responsive Transcription Factors in Modulating Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngdae Yoon ◽  
Deok Hyun Seo ◽  
Hoyoon Shin ◽  
Hui Jin Kim ◽  
Chul Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Tolerance

Abiotic stresses, such as drought, high temperature, and salinity, affect plant growth and productivity. Furthermore, global climate change may increase the frequency and severity of abiotic stresses, suggesting that development of varieties with improved stress tolerance is critical for future sustainable crop production. Improving stress tolerance requires a detailed understanding of the hormone signaling and transcriptional pathways involved in stress responses. Abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are key stress-response hormones in plants, and some stress-responsive transcription factors such as ABFs and MYCs function as direct components of ABA and JA signaling, playing a pivotal role in plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In addition, extensive studies have identified other stress-responsive transcription factors belonging to the NAC, AP2/ERF, MYB, and WRKY families that mediate plant response and tolerance to abiotic stress. These suggest that transcriptional regulation of stress-responsive genes is an essential step to determine the mechanisms underlying plant stress responses and tolerance to abiotic stress, and that these transcription factors may be important targets for development of crops with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance. In this review, we briefly describe the mechanisms underlying plant abiotic stress responses, focusing on ABA and JA metabolism and signaling pathways. We then summarize the diverse array of transcription factors involved in plant responses to abiotic stress, while noting their potential applications for improvement of stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Metabolomics-Guided Elucidation of Plant Abiotic Stress Responses in the 4IR Era: An Overview

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Morena M. Tinte ◽  
Kekeletso H. Chele ◽  
Justin J. J. van der Hooft ◽  
Fidele Tugizimana
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Chemical Space ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Computational Tools

Plants are constantly challenged by changing environmental conditions that include abiotic stresses. These are limiting their development and productivity and are subsequently threatening our food security, especially when considering the pressure of the increasing global population. Thus, there is an urgent need for the next generation of crops with high productivity and resilience to climate change. The dawn of a new era characterized by the emergence of fourth industrial revolution (4IR) technologies has redefined the ideological boundaries of research and applications in plant sciences. Recent technological advances and machine learning (ML)-based computational tools and omics data analysis approaches are allowing scientists to derive comprehensive metabolic descriptions and models for the target plant species under specific conditions. Such accurate metabolic descriptions are imperatively essential for devising a roadmap for the next generation of crops that are resilient to environmental deterioration. By synthesizing the recent literature and collating data on metabolomics studies on plant responses to abiotic stresses, in the context of the 4IR era, we point out the opportunities and challenges offered by omics science, analytical intelligence, computational tools and big data analytics. Specifically, we highlight technological advancements in (plant) metabolomics workflows and the use of machine learning and computational tools to decipher the dynamics in the chemical space that define plant responses to abiotic stress conditions.

scholarly journals Synchronization and interaction of proline, ascorbate and oxidative stress pathways under abiotic stress combination in tomato plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Lopez-Delacalle ◽  
Christian J Silva ◽  
Teresa C Mestre ◽  
Vicente Martinez ◽  
Barbara Blanco-Ulate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Basic Leucine Zipper ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Leucine Zipper Domain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

ABSTRACTAdverse environmental conditions have a devastating impact on plant productivity. In nature, multiple abiotic stresses occur simultaneously, and plants have evolved unique responses to cope against this combination of stresses. Here, we coupled genome-wide transcriptional profiling and untargeted metabolomics with physiological and biochemical analyses to characterize the effect of salinity and heat applied in combination on the metabolism of tomato plants. Our results demonstrate that this combination of stresses causes a unique reprogramming of metabolic pathways, including changes in the expression of 1,388 genes and the accumulation of 568 molecular features. Pathway enrichment analysis of transcript and metabolite data indicated that the proline and ascorbate pathways act synchronously to maintain cellular redox homeostasis, which was supported by measurements of enzymatic activity and oxidative stress markers. We also identified key transcription factors from the basic Leucine Zipper Domain (bZIP), Zinc Finger Cysteine-2/Histidine-2 (C2H2) and Trihelix families that are likely regulators of the identified up-regulated genes under salinity+heat combination. Our results expand the current understanding of how plants acclimate to environmental stresses in combination and unveils the synergy between key cellular metabolic pathways for effective ROS detoxification. Our study opens the door to elucidating the different signaling mechanisms for stress tolerance.HIGHLIGHTSThe combination of salinity and heat causes a unique reprogramming of tomato metabolic pathways by changing the expression of specific genes and metabolic features.Proline and ascorbate pathways act synchronously to maintain cellular redox homeostasisKey transcription factors from the basic Leucine Zipper Domain (bZIP), Zinc Finger Cysteine-2/Histidine-2 (C2H2) and Trihelix families were identified as putative regulators of the identified up-regulated genes under salinity and heat combination.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Sulfide: A Robust Combatant against Abiotic Stresses in Plants

Hydrogen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-342
Author(s):  
Kanika Khanna ◽  
Nandni Sharma ◽  
Sandeep Kour ◽  
Mohd. Ali ◽  
Puja Ohri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Cysteine Residues ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Near Future

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is predominantly considered as a gaseous transmitter or signaling molecule in plants. It has been known as a crucial player during various plant cellular and physiological processes and has been gaining unprecedented attention from researchers since decades. They regulate growth and plethora of plant developmental processes such as germination, senescence, defense, and maturation in plants. Owing to its gaseous state, they are effectively diffused towards different parts of the cell to counterbalance the antioxidant pools as well as providing sulfur to cells. H2S participates actively during abiotic stresses and enhances plant tolerance towards adverse conditions by regulation of the antioxidative defense system, oxidative stress signaling, metal transport, Na+/K+ homeostasis, etc. They also maintain H2S-Cys-cycle during abiotic stressed conditions followed by post-translational modifications of cysteine residues. Besides their role during abiotic stresses, crosstalk of H2S with other biomolecules such as NO and phytohormones (abscisic acid, salicylic acid, melatonin, ethylene, etc.) have also been explored in plant signaling. These processes also mediate protein post-translational modifications of cysteine residues. We have mainly highlighted all these biological functions along with proposing novel relevant issues that are required to be addressed further in the near future. Moreover, we have also proposed the possible mechanisms of H2S actions in mediating redox-dependent mechanisms in plant physiology.

Protein Phosphatase Type 2C Functions in Phytohormone-Dependent Pathways and in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Nguyen Chuong ◽  
Xuan Lan Thi Hoang ◽  
Duong Hoang Trong Nghia ◽  
Thai Ngoc Trang Dai ◽  
Van-Anh Le Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Protein Phosphatases ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
In Planta

: Plants, as sessile organisms, are susceptible to a myriad of stress factors, especially abiotic stresses. Over the course of evolution, they have developed multiple mechanisms to sense and transduce environmental stimuli for appropriate responses. Among those, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, regulated by protein kinases and protein phosphatases, respectively, are considered as crucial signal transduction mechanisms. Regarding the latter group, protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs) represent the largest division of PPs. In addition, discovery of regulatory functions of PP2Cs in abscisic acid (ABA)-signaling pathway, the major signal transduction pathway in abiotic stress responses, indicates significant importance of PP2C members in plant adaptation to adverse environmental factors. In this review, current understanding of the roles of PP2Cs in different phytohormone-dependent pathways related to abiotic stress is summarized, highlighting the crosstalk between the ABA-signaling pathway with other hormonal pathways via certain ABA-related PP2Cs. We also updated progress of in planta characterization studies of PP2Cs under abiotic stress conditions, providing knowledge of PP2C manipulation in developing abiotic stress-tolerant crops.

scholarly journals Anthocyanins Are Key Regulators of Drought Stress Tolerance in Tobacco

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Valerio Cirillo ◽  
Vincenzo D’Amelia ◽  
Marco Esposito ◽  
Chiara Amitrano ◽  
Petronia Carillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchanges ◽  
Near Future

Abiotic stresses will be one of the major challenges for worldwide food supply in the near future. Therefore, it is important to understand the physiological mechanisms that mediate plant responses to abiotic stresses. When subjected to UV, salinity or drought stress, plants accumulate specialized metabolites that are often correlated with their ability to cope with the stress. Among them, anthocyanins are the most studied intermediates of the phenylpropanoid pathway. However, their role in plant response to abiotic stresses is still under discussion. To better understand the effects of anthocyanins on plant physiology and morphogenesis, and their implications on drought stress tolerance, we used transgenic tobacco plants (AN1), which over-accumulated anthocyanins in all tissues. AN1 plants showed an altered phenotype in terms of leaf gas exchanges, leaf morphology, anatomy and metabolic profile, which conferred them with a higher drought tolerance compared to the wild-type plants. These results provide important insights for understanding the functional reason for anthocyanin accumulation in plants under stress.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Soybean GmLOR Gene Family and Expression Analysis in Response to Abiotic Stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12515
Author(s):  
Yisheng Fang ◽  
Dong Cao ◽  
Hongli Yang ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Wenqi Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Related Family ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

The LOR (LURP-one related) family genes encode proteins containing a conserved LOR domain. Several members of the LOR family genes are required for defense against Hyaloperonospora parasitica (Hpa) in Arabidopsis. However, there are few reports of LOR genes in response to abiotic stresses in plants. In this study, a genome-wide survey and expression levels in response to abiotic stresses of 36 LOR genes from Glycine max were conducted. The results indicated that the GmLOR gene family was divided into eight subgroups, distributed on 14 chromosomes. A majority of members contained three extremely conservative motifs. There were four pairs of tandem duplicated GmLORs and nineteen pairs of segmental duplicated genes identified, which led to the expansion of the number of GmLOR genes. The expansion patterns of the GmLOR family were mainly segmental duplication. A heatmap of soybean LOR family genes showed that 36 GmLOR genes exhibited various expression patterns in different tissues. The cis-acting elements in promoter regions of GmLORs include abiotic stress-responsive elements, such as dehydration-responsive elements and drought-inducible elements. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression level of GmLOR genes, and most of them were expressed in the leaf or root except that GmLOR6 was induced by osmotic and salt stresses. Moreover, GmLOR4/10/14/19 were significantly upregulated after PEG and salt treatments, indicating important roles in the improvement of plant tolerance to abiotic stress. Overall, our study provides a foundation for future investigations of GmLOR gene functions in soybean.

scholarly journals Progressive Genomic Approaches to Explore Drought- and Salt-Induced Oxidative Stress Responses in Plants under Changing Climate

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1910
Author(s):  
Masum Billah ◽  
Shirin Aktar ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
Marek Zivcak ◽  
Abul Bashar Mohammad Khaldun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
World Population ◽  
Breeding Programs

Drought and salinity are the major environmental abiotic stresses that negatively impact crop development and yield. To improve yields under abiotic stress conditions, drought- and salinity-tolerant crops are key to support world crop production and mitigate the demand of the growing world population. Nevertheless, plant responses to abiotic stresses are highly complex and controlled by networks of genetic and ecological factors that are the main targets of crop breeding programs. Several genomics strategies are employed to improve crop productivity under abiotic stress conditions, but traditional techniques are not sufficient to prevent stress-related losses in productivity. Within the last decade, modern genomics studies have advanced our capabilities of improving crop genetics, especially those traits relevant to abiotic stress management. This review provided updated and comprehensive knowledge concerning all possible combinations of advanced genomics tools and the gene regulatory network of reactive oxygen species homeostasis for the appropriate planning of future breeding programs, which will assist sustainable crop production under salinity and drought conditions.

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