scholarly journals Knowing and Doing: The Perception of Subsidy Policy and Farmland Transfer

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Zhang ◽  
Yihan Wang ◽  
Yunli Bai
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Moderate Scale

Farmland transfer is conducive to the rational allocation of farmland resources and scaling of agricultural production in China. The Chinese government launched a pilot program to subsidize moderate-scale farmland management in 2016, yet the perception of the program and its effects are rarely empirically tested using micro-level data. Using data on 523 households extracted from a rural household survey, the Probit and Tobit model results determined a significant positive impact of the perception of moderate-scale subsidies on both farmland transfer behavior and farmland transfer area. If the household knows about the moderate-scale subsidy policy, then it is 19.2% more likely to have moderate-scale land endowment, and the household has 17.626 ha more inflow land than that who do not know the policy. The results show that only 5% of the households know the moderate-scale subsidy policy, thus hindering the process of farmland transfer. Additionally, high levels of educational attainment and non-agricultural income promote farmers’ decisions to transfer farmland and to expand farmland areas for moderate-scale households. However, age, household size, the family dependency ratio, and non-agricultural labor are obstacles to farmland transfer. The findings imply that the government should adopt a more effective policy transmission mechanism to increase the proportion of knowing the subsidy policy for both small-scale and moderate-scale households.

scholarly journals PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA BUKIT SITETEPAN (Studi Kasus Desa Tegalsari, Kecamatan Bruno, Kabupaten Purworejo)

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Delima Canda Mustika ◽  
Eny Lestari ◽  
Sugihardjo Sugihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Using Data

<p>The Tegalsari village is the large village with the second largest population in Bruno District, Purworejo Regency. It makes Tegalsari village have several potentiality to become ecotourism place. The government wants to develop ecotourism in Tegalsari Village to boost the economy and the welfare condition that categorized as poor village. The first stage of ecotourism development is planning stage to know the public perception of the development of ecotourism in Tegalsari Village.This research aims to examine public perceptions of the development plan of Tegalsari Village ecotourism, Bruno District, Purworejo Regency. This research uses qualitative basic methods with interactive inductive data analysis methods. The research location was chosen intentionally or purposively. Determination of informants in this study using the snowball sampling technique. The number of informants is 14 informants. The validity of the data is obtained using data triangulation. The results of this study indicate that the community provides a positive perception of ecotourism development. Ecotourism development was initiated and welcomed by the local community. The community hopes that Bukit Sitetepan ecotourism development can improve people’s welfare. There are several supporting factors and obstacles to the process of developing ecotourism and ecotourism development also bring positive and negative impacts. According to the community, the positive impact caused is greater than the negative impact.</p>

scholarly journals Farm Size and Land Use Efficiency in Pakistan's Agriculture

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-274
Author(s):  
Waqar A. Jehangir ◽  
Rajan K. Sampath
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Alternative Policy ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

In this paper we analyzed the relationship between the farm size and economies of scale in the extensive and intensive use of land. We found that the defmition of farm size in terms of linear aggregation of the irrigated and unirrigated lands leads to the misspecification bias, resulting in the under-estimation of the degree of homogeneity of the functions. The implications of the above analysis are fairly obvious. First of all, the one-dimensional defmition of farm size in terms of total land size without distinguishing between the irrigated and the unirrigated lands not only mis-specifies the functional relationships between farm size, on the one hand, and land use and other economic variables, on the other hand; but, more importantly, it also under-estimates the returns to scale value, thereby leading to over-estimation of possible benefits from the re-distribution of land. Secondly, the division of lands into irrigated and unirrigated brings out the importance of irrigation in determining the levels of the extensive and intensive uses of land and goes a long way in explaining the inter-farm size as well as the intra-farm size variations in land use intensities. Thirdly, explicit estimates of the positive impact of irrigation on land use and productivity clearly indicate that there is an alternative policy for radical land reforms to bring about significant changes in the distribution of agricultural income and assets. That alternative policy is to use irrigation development and distribution, which are predominantly under the direct or indirect control of the government, as policy tools to help the small and marginal farmers.

scholarly journals Farm expansion under credit constraint: evidence from commercial rice farmers in Guangxi, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-216
Author(s):  
Xinjian Chen ◽  
Di Zeng ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Chen Kang
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Credit Constraint ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Moderate Scale ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural production decisions in China are usually financially constrained, and the lack of credit often can prevent profitable investment such as farm expansion that generates economies of scale. However, farm expansion is still increasingly observed in China, where more smallholders are expanding farms towards moderate-scale operation, especially in the rice sector. This study investigates this paradox by specifically assessing the impact of credit constraint on farm expansion decisions using a representative household survey of rice farmers in Guangxi Province, China. Farm expansion is empirically measured by both actual expansion in the past five years and the willingness to expand in the near future, which is predicted by a series of factors where the possible endogeneity of credit constraint is accounted for using instrumental variable techniques. It is found that credit constraint negatively and significantly affects farm expansion. Such impact is heterogeneous and is larger among moderate scale holders. Our findings highlight the importance and necessity of offering financial services to relatively small-scale commercial farms in developing countries to relax their credit constraints.

scholarly journals Pricing and assembly rate decisions for a prefabricated construction supply chain under subsidy policies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0261896
Author(s):  
Wen Jiang ◽  
Xian Qi
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
Construction Enterprises ◽  
The Government ◽  
Assembly Rate

Prefabricated construction has attracted worldwide concern and promotion due to its environmental friendliness, high quality, and high efficiency. In China, the application of prefabricated construction still lags due to its high cost. To improve prefabricated construction development, the Chinese government and provinces have launched subsidy policies for different objects that offer subsidies to the assembler, the manufacturer, or consumers. Subsidy policies for different subsidy objects have different impacts on the manufacturer wholesale price and assembler retail price and assembly rate and make their decisions more complicated. Therefore, this study uses game theory and builds three models to analyze the effects of government subsidies on manufacturer pricing, assembler pricing, assembly rate decisions, and profit. We find that government subsidy policies can bring more profit to prefabricated construction enterprises, reduce their costs, and benefit the promotion of prefabricated construction. Through comparison and numerical analysis, we also find that when the government subsidizes enterprises more, it is better to subsidize the assembler, because it is good for all three parties. First, consumers can obtain a lower retail price. Second, enterprises can obtain more profits. Finally, for the government, this approach can increase the demand for prefabricated construction and increase the assembly rate, which is conducive to the promotion of prefabricated construction. When the government subsidizes customers more, it is better for the assembler and the manufacturer to subsidize customers, because they can obtain more profits. It is better for the government and customers to subsidize the assembler or the manufacture, because consumers can get the lower retail price. Although the assembly rate and enterprises’ profits are not optimal, they have also been improved. In addition, when the government directly subsidizes enterprises, the enterprises will actively cooperate with the subsidy policy and are more willing to adopt prefabricated construction. This approach will benefit the promotion of prefabricated construction.

scholarly journals Household Labour Migration and Farmers’ Access to Productive Agricultural Services: A Case Study from Chinese Provinces

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
Zhe Chen ◽  
Apurbo Sarkar ◽  
Md. Shakhawat Hossain ◽  
Xiaojing Li ◽  
Xianli Xia
Keyword(s):  
Household Survey ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
The Government ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
Counterfactual Model ◽  
Migration Experiences

Household labour migration experiences may have a staggering impact within developing countries, especially in dynamic societies like China, where labour migration is obvious. The present study’s objective is to investigate whether household labour migration contributes to the probability of farmers’ access to productive agricultural services. The study’s empirical setup is comprised of household survey data of 541 farmers in Shaanxi, Henan, and Sichuan provinces. The study proposes a counterfactual model to evaluate the average processing effect of an urban migrant with the help of the endogenous transformation of the Probit model. The results show that labour migration for work directly affects farmers’ access to productive agricultural services and indirectly affects farmers’ access to productive agricultural services through three channels: labour input, land transfers, and planting structure adjustments. The study further confirms that labour migration for work has a significant heterogeneity in the probability of obtaining productive agricultural services for farmers with or without non-agricultural income. Simultaneously, the labour migration area for work has significant heterogeneity in the probability of farmer households’ access to productive agricultural services. The government should extend support towards productive agriculture services. Agricultural demonstration services and on-hand training of migrant labour should be highlighted.

scholarly journals State support for small and medium-sized businesses in modern conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Svitlana Nesterova ◽  
Veronika Kopcha ◽  
Halyna Myhalchinets
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Special Role ◽  
State Support ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Difficult Times

The subject of the research. The study focuses on the theoretical and practical aspects of the problems facing State support for small and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to identify the main destructive factors in the development of medium and small enterprises and to identify ways to overcome them. The methodological basis of the article is general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, such as dialectical method, analysis, grouping of data, problem-oriented approach. Results of work. The article discusses the special role of medium- and small-scale enterprises in generating GDP, creating jobs and improving the demographic situation. It is noted that a significant proportion of enterprises either operate in the shadow sector or do not take measures to improve profitability. It has been hypothesized that an important reason for this state of affairs is imperfect state support for small and medium-sized enterprises. First of all, there is a heavy tax burden, low wages in the sector, unstable legislation. The worldwide coronavirus pandemic has also been noted as an additional challenge, with most small and medium-sized businesses on the verge of survival through quarantine activities. The field of application of results. The materials, results and conclusions of the article may be used in the activities of various public organizations and local self-government bodies as an analytical basis for appeals about the need for State support for small and medium-sized enterprises, Training of specialists in secondary and higher education. Conclusions. Small and medium-sized businesses are the driving force behind the economy. It provides a large share of GDP, promotes the development of the middle class and has a positive impact on demographic indicators. The opportunity and ability of small and medium-sized enterprises to develop, even under difficult political and economic conditions, proves that it is these entities that support the economy in difficult times. Creating an enabling environment for doing business and developing small and medium-sized enterprises should therefore be a priority for the Government. To this end, support programs must be put in place: infotrmation, financial security and social support. Active and targeted support for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises contributes to the growth of GDP and the creation of new jobs.

Welfare Pluralism or Shadow State? The Provision of Social Housing in the 1990s

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1341-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Warrington
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Housing Associations ◽  
Shadow State ◽  
Welfare Pluralism ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Welfare State

Within a context of the restructuring of the welfare state, housing associations have become the main providers of social housing. Welfare pluralists, as well as the government, would see this as a positive change, since housing associations are perceived as voluntary, independent, and small scale, responding to a diversity of local needs. Using data obtained during interviews in four case-study areas, I argue, however, that the rhetoric is not underpinned by the reality. The very process of change has, in fact, led to increasing control by central, and to some extent local, governments, so that a more appropriate conceptualisation is that of housing associations as a ‘shadow state’. The results of this are changes in the type of housing being built, in the sort of tenants being housed, and in the compromises over the aims and ethos of housing associations themselves.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Study on Performance of Small-Scale Industries in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 342-353
Author(s):  
Shashank B. S. ◽  
Sureshramana Mayya
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Small Scale Industries

Purpose: Small-Scale Industries (SSI) are critical to economic development, particularly in developing countries. SSI provide nearly forty percent of the gross industrial value added to the Indian economy. It is interesting to know the performance and status of small-scale industries by using data from the Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) and analysing the SSI's strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities. Objective: This research aims to analyse the scheme introduced by the Government to improve the SSI output. Methodology: For the study, we considered various articles, websites and tabular presentations. Result: According to the study, government schemes and policies contribute to promoting SSI growth in India. SSI provides a more significant contribution to the country's export, and it creates more employment opportunities for youth. Originality/value: The study determined the efficiency of small-scale industries in terms of unit establishment, production, job creation and export and also learned about some special government facilities provided through various schemes and programmes to address issues or problems and promote SSI's growth and development. Paper type: Research Case Study.

The Evolutionary Analysis of Agricultural Production Transaction Under The Price Subsidy Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-97
Author(s):  
Jianhua Huang ◽  
YanDang Chen ◽  
Shan He
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
Price Subsidy

The scattered and small-scale production mode together with asymmetric business information results in the Chinese peasants' weak position in the agricultural supply chain. Chinese government has implemented some effective measures to safeguard the peasants' benefits. By establishing a tripartite evolutionary game model among the peasants, agricultural products dealers and government under the policy of price subsidy, the effects of social benefits, the size of the penalty and the transaction volume on the evolutionary stable strategy is discussed. A simulation instance is also given to demonstrate the evolutionary game model. The results shows that the probability of government regulation is not only related to the social benefits of regulation, but also affected by the transaction volume of agricultural products, the peasants benefits can be protected effectively by the price subsidy policy and the probability of the agricultural products dealers choosing fraud strategy declines with the increase of penalty and increases with the transaction volume of agricultural products.

Motivations and attitudes toward domestic tourism in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Mourad Mansour ◽  
Alhassan G Mumuni
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Domestic Environment ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Tourism Information ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Tourism Organization ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

AbstractBeginning with the establishment of a Supreme Commission for Tourism and Antiquities’ (SCTA) in 2000, there have been official attempts by the government of Saudi Arabia to encourage domestic tourism in order to tap into the huge amounts that Saudis spend annually on vacations. This paper examines the motivations and attitudes of consumers toward tourism destinations and activities within the country (domestic tourism). Using data collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire, the study finds that familiarity and trust of the local environment, perceptions of the safer domestic environment, and limitations imposed by respondents’ vacation timing are the primary motives for choosing to spend their vacations locally, while lack of quality domestic tourist sites and services (including entertainment facilities), lack of tourism information, insufficient tourism organization services, and the harsh local environmental conditions during summer are factors that ‘push’ people from spending the vacations locally. Attitudes toward domestic tourism are generally negative, although there are significant differences in attitudes between respondents who prefer domestic destinations and those who prefer to travel out of Kingdom. Implications of the findings are outlined and discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document