Ecotoxicological Effects of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on Parturition Time, Survival Rate, Reproductive Success and Blood Parameters of Adult Common Molly (Poecilia sphenops) and Their Larvae

Nanoparticles (NPs) can display toxicological effects on aquatic organisms. This study investigates ecotoxicological effects of Ag-NPs on reproductive and blood parameters of adult common molly (Poecilia sphenops) and their larvae. During the LC50 96 h test, female fish were exposed to concentrations of 0, 5, 15, 25, 35, 45 and 60 mg L−1 of Ag-NPs, while larvae were exposed to 0, 3, 5, 10 and 15 mg L−1. Finally, we aim to evaluate the effects of 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg L−1 of Ag-NPs on parturition time, reproductive success and hematological parameters of the mature fish exposed to sub-lethal concentration during a 62-day period. We also evaluated the survival rate of larvae. The results show a positive correlation between mortality rate and Ag-NP concentration. Values for LC50 96 h in adult fish and larvae were 26.85 mg L−1 and 6.22 mg L−1, respectively. A lack of parturition and reproductive success were seen in fish that underwent chronic exposure to Ag-NPs (15 mg L−1). The results show that RBC, WBC and hematocrit were significantly decreased in fish exposed to Ag-NPs. In addition, the serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly increased in fish submitted to Ag-NPs (concentrations of 5–15). In conclusion, submitting a fish to higher concentration than 10 mg L−1 has adverse effects on reproductive system and blood parameters.

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Ecotoxicological Impacts of Micro- and Nanoplastics in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments

10.1007/978-3-030-78627-4_7 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 199-260

Author(s):

Tânia Gomes ◽

Agathe Bour ◽

Claire Coutris ◽

Ana Catarina Almeida ◽

Inger Lise Bråte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Research Priorities ◽

Quality Criteria ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Future Research ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Plastic Pollution ◽

Toxicological Effects ◽

Particle Characteristics ◽

Ecotoxicological Effects ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractPlastic pollution is a widespread environmental problem that is currently one of the most discussed issues by scientists, policymakers and society at large. The potential ecotoxicological effects of plastic particles in a wide range of organisms have been investigated in a growing number of exposure studies over the past years. Nonetheless, many questions still remain regarding the overall effects of microplastics and nanoplastics on organisms from different ecosystem compartments, as well as the underlying mechanisms behind the observed toxicity. This chapter provides a comprehensive literature review on the ecotoxicological impacts of microplastics and nanoplastics in terrestrial and aquatic organisms in the context of particle characteristics, interactive toxicological effects, taxonomic gradients and with a focus on synergies with associated chemicals. Overall, a total of 220 references were reviewed for their fulfilment of specific quality criteria (e.g. experimental design, particle characteristics, ecotoxicological endpoints and findings), after which 175 were included in our assessment. The analysis of the reviewed studies revealed that organisms’ responses were overall influenced by the physicochemical heterogeneity of the plastic particles used, for which distinct differences were attributed to polymer type, size, morphology and surface alterations. On the other hand, little attention has been paid to the role of additive chemicals in the overall toxicity. There is still little consistency regarding the biological impacts posed by plastic particles, with observed ecotoxicological effects being highly dependent on the environmental compartment assessed and specific morphological, physiological and behavioural traits of the species used. Nonetheless, evidence exists of impacts across successive levels of biological organization, covering effects from the subcellular level up to the ecosystem level. This review presents the important research gaps concerning the ecotoxicological impacts of plastic particles in different taxonomical groups, as well as recommendations on future research priorities needed to better understand the ecological risks of plastic particles in terrestrial and aquatic environments.

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Effect of salinity on survival, hematological and histological changes in genetically improved rohu (Jayanti), Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-3801 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

K. Murmu ◽

K. D. Rasal ◽

A. Rasal ◽

L. D. Sahoo ◽

P. C. Nandanpawar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Physiological Response ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Labeo Rohita ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Anthropogenic Activity ◽

Recent Climate ◽

Genetically Improved ◽

Salinity Levels

The recent climate change and anthropogenic activity affects the agricultural land/soil as well as aquaculture sector via salinization of the aquatic zone. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of salinity on genetically improved farmed rohu, Labeo rohita popularly known as Jayanti and evaluation of its physiological response towards combating salinity stress. Genetically improved rohu (Jayanti) fingerlings were reared in laboratory condition at different salinities 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ppt to assess the effect of salinity on survival for the first time in India. The study revealed that the Jayanti rohu fingerlings could tolerate salinity upto 8 ppt range. The survival rate of the fingerlings varied from 100%, 95%, 80% and 75% at 2, 4, 6 and 8 ppt salinities, respectively and 100% mortality occurred at 10 ppt. The survival rate was significantly higher in lower salinities than other acclimation salinities. The hematological parameters analysis depicted that blood parameters were affected by increase in salinity beyond 6 ppt. The histological analysis reported mild lesions on gills of fishes exposed to higher salinities at 8 ppt. The present study revealed that exposure to salinity moderately affects the survival and physiological response of genetically improved rohu and thus the potential of the improved rohu “Jayanti” to tolerate salinity levels upto 8 ppt. These results suggest that there is great prospective for culturing selectively bred rohu (Jayanti) species in low saline areas or salt affected areas with good survivability and open new avenues for further research and development.

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Selected blood parameters altered by different doses of pesticide Malathion in albino rat (Rattus-norvegicus)

Environment Conservation Journal ◽

10.36953/ecj.2020.21311 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 93-103

Author(s):

C.D. Sharma ◽

Neha Shukla ◽

Geeta Bansal

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Control Agent ◽

The Body ◽

Hematological Parameter ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Albino Rat ◽

Toxicological Effects ◽

Different Doses

Organophosphate pesticides Malathion used as pest control agent in agriculture, household, kitchen and other places. Malathion is found in market with different trade names. It is used with its action properties against various insects and pest. It is used with the largest group of poisonous substances that are widely broadcast today. Present study is based on the effects of different doses of Malathion on routine hematological parameters like RBCs, WBCs, Hb%, CT, PT, ESR, PCV, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. Four doses were selected according to the body weight of albino rats. The doses were selected as four types on the basis of per kilogram body weight of albino rat. They were 25, 50, 75,100 mg per Kg body weight for 7 and 15 days of treatment.The findings indicate that the above parameter fluctuates significantly as amount of dose increases. Hematological parameter indicates that the total body of the animals gets affected by the Malathion. It causes various other toxicological effects on the body of albino rats. There was a combined study of male and female albino rats.

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Occurrence and size distribution of silver nanoparticles in wastewater effluents from various treatment processes in Canada

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-15486-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christian Gagnon ◽

Patrice Turcotte ◽

François Gagné ◽

Shirley Anne Smyth

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Particle Number ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Consumer Products ◽

Treatment Technology ◽

Ag Nps ◽

Toxicological Effects ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Icp Ms

AbstractThe occurrence of silver (Ag) in urban effluents is partly associated with the increasing use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as an antiseptic agent in various consumer products. Distinction among Ag forms must be taken into account in the assessment of exposure and toxicological effects to aquatic organisms. Wastewater treatment processes effectively remove Ag particles and colloids (mostly > 95%), but this still leaves notable concentrations (in order of ng/L) escaping to effluent-receiving waters. Total suspended Ag concentrations in various studied effluents ranged from 0.1 to 6 ng/L. The purpose of this study was then to measure and characterize Ag NPs in urban effluents for their concentrations and size distribution using the single particle ICP-MS technique (SP-ICP-MS). Wastewater influents and effluents from various treatment plants—from aerated lagoons to advanced treatment technology—were collected for three sampling days. Our results showed the presence of Ag NP in all samples with concentrations reaching 0.5 ng/L on a mass basis. However, on a particle number basis, Ag NP concentrations (expressed in particle/mL) in the 20–34-nm fraction (up to 3400 particles/mL) were much more abundant (> 700%) than in the > 35-nm larger fraction. The proportion of Ag at the nanoscale (1–100 nm) represents less than 8% of the total suspended Ag for all effluent samples, regardless of their origins. A significant correlation (linear regression: r2 > 0.7) was observed between Ag NP and total suspended Ag concentrations in investigated effluents. Because Ag nanotoxicity is size dependent, the determination of size distribution and exposure concentration on a particle number basis is urgently needed for risk assessment of this class of nanoparticles.

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Malathion-Induced Hematoxicity and Its Recovery Pattern in Barbonymus gonionotus

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2021/9417380 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Cynthia E. Mrong ◽

Md. R. Islam ◽

Kamrunnaher Kole ◽

Nusrat N. Neepa ◽

Md. J. Alam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hematological Parameters ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Free Water ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Water Fish ◽

Sublethal Concentrations ◽

Silver Barb

An experiment was conducted to assess malathion-induced hematological responses of Barbonymus gonionotus (silver barb) and its recovery patterns in malathion-free water. Fish (45 days old) were exposed to two sublethal concentrations, namely, 25% and 50% (i.e., 3.78 and 7.56 ppm) of LC50 (15.13 ppm) of malathion for 28 days, followed by a postexposure recovery period for the same time. The hematological parameters were examined after 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of exposure as well as after the postexposure recovery time. Except in the case of the control group (0% of malathion), the obtained results revealed that malathion exposure resulted in significantly ( p < 0.05 ) higher prevalence and severity of micronucleus and lower values of Hb, PCV, and RBC and significantly higher values of WBC in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The values of blood glucose, MCV, MCH, and MCHC showed mixed trends during the experiment. During the recovery period, all blood parameters (micronucleus, glucose, Hb, PCV, RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC) partially recovered, which means that the recovery period was not long enough for the organisms to recover from the previous exposure. The study thus confirms that hematology is a sensitive indicator for fish to detect toxicity caused by different chemicals. Changes in these parameters can provide useful information about environmental conditions and risk assessment of aquatic organisms.

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Effect of Acetic Acid and Sodium Bicarbonate Supplemented to Drinking Water on Water Quality, Growth Performance, Organ Weights, Cecal Traits and Hematological Parameters of Young Broilers

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11071865 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1865

Author(s):

Yordan Martínez ◽

Cristopher Isaac Almendares ◽

Cristhian José Hernández ◽

Mavir Carolina Avellaneda ◽

Ana Melissa Urquía ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Biological Response ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Organ Weights

To evaluate the effect of acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate supplemented to drinking water on water quality, growth performance, relative organ weights, cecal traits and hematological parameters of broilers, a total of 456 one-day-old Cobb MV × Cobb 500 FF mixed broilers were randomly placed in three experimental treatments, with four replicates per treatment and 38 birds per replicate, for 10 days. The treatments consisted of the use of acetic acid (0.4%; T1) as acidifier, an apparently neutral pH (T2) and sodium bicarbonate (1%; T3) as alkalizer of the drinking water. T3 showed the highest values (p < 0.05) for total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, salinity and pH. T1 and T2 showed the same productive response (p > 0.05); however, T3 decreased (p < 0.05) body weight, feed intake and the relative weight of the pancreas and immune organs and increased (p < 0.05) water intake, mortality and relative weight of the heart and liver. Likewise, T3 increased (p < 0.05) the cecal pH, although without changes for the cecal lactic cecal bacteria count and blood parameters (p > 0.05). The acid pH of the drinking water had no effect on the biological response of broilers compared to T2; however, the T3 provoked high mortality, ascites, low productivity and abnormal growth of some organs.

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RESVERATROL INCLUSION COMPLEX WITH β-CYCLODEXTRIN (RCD): CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF TOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i1.15399 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. S. K. Nishihira ◽

N. J. Mezzomo ◽

M. D. Baldissera ◽

R. A. Vaucher ◽

C. G. Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inclusion Complex ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Scanning Calorimetry

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterise the resveratrol inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin (RCD) and evaluate their toxicity in wistar rats.Methods: The RCD were prepared in ultra-turrax. For characterization of the RCD were used: Fourier transform infra-red Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction. The RCD and others 4 treatments were performed by the chronic oral administration in 35 rats during 60 ds. After the treatments they were euthanized and the serum blood were collected to analyzed some hemogram and biochemical parameters including aspartyl aminotransferase (AST); alanine aminotransferase (AST); phosphatase alkaline (ALP); total bilirubin (TB); direct bilirubin (DB); total protein (TP); total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), calcium, iron and phosphate using fully automated biochemistry analyzer.Results: The characterization results indicated a successful formation of the RCD. All hematological parameters analysed were within the normal values in all the groups. Furthermore, the hemogram and biochemical parameters were significantly (P>0.05) similar to the control group.Conclusion: The daily oral administration during 60 d of RCD are not harmful on blood parameters of Wistar rats. Thus, RCD can be used safely for treatment of some metabolic diseases.

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Implications of dietary Delonix regia seed meal on growth, feed utilization, haematology and fillet yield of red Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.1.0508 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 140-154

Author(s):

Saviour Isonguyoh Umanah ◽

Gift Samuel David

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Feed Utilization ◽

Seed Meal ◽

Red Tilapia ◽

Delonix Regia ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fillet Yield ◽

Concrete Tank

Delonix regia is commonly called Flamboyant or flame of the forest. The seeds were fermented, boiled, sundried and then ground into powdered meal. 40% crude protein based test diets containing Delonix regia seed meal D0 = 0%; D15 = 15%; D20 = 20% and D25 = 25% inclusion levels respectively were prepared. Red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings of 6 weeks old were acclimatized for two weeks and then stocked in 12 hapas at 15 fish per hapa measuring 0.6 m × 1.2 m × 0.7 m placed in a concrete tank. Each diet was assigned to fish in a separate hapa in triplicate and administered at 3% fish body weight per day for 16 weeks. Fish weight and length were taken initially, bi-weekly and terminally. Water quality was monitored weekly. Number of fish at the end was recorded and survival rate, growth, feed utilization, fillet yield and blood parameters were determined. The data were subjected to the analysis of variance and mean separation (P= 0.05). Survival rate was highest in fish raised on D20 and least in D25 without any significant difference across the range. Mean growth performances, feed utilization indices and fillet yield were generally congruent between D20 and D25 with varying degrees of significant difference to other feeds. Results of blood assay did not depict harmful effects of the test diets indicating that the fish enjoyed some good measures of health. The gross performance of fish on D20 was optimal. It was therefore concluded that 20% dietary inclusion level of fermented, cooked and dried flamboyant seed was the best for the red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) post fingerlings.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF ANIMALS UNDER THERMAL STRESS

VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY ◽

10.31563/1684-7628-2019-51-3-26-31 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

E.A. Azhmuldinov ◽

◽

Yu.N. Chernyshenko ◽

M.G. Titov ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hematological Parameters ◽

Physiological State ◽

Live Weight ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Total Plasma ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Study Results ◽

Total Plasma Protein ◽

Negative Effect

A study was conducted of the effect of heat stress on the clinical and physiological state of male rabbits at the age of 5 months with an average live weight of 1551 g. The maximum temperature the animals were exposed to during the experiment was +42 °C. The study results showed a decrease in feed intake and an increase in water consumption, which contributed to a decrease in live weight. Hematological parameters, including hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, total plasma protein, globulins and cholesterol increased during the action of this stress factor. It was found that the effect of high ambient temperatures on rabbits negatively affected their physiological functions; the negative effect was reflected by the morphological and biochemical blood parameters.

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Hematological parameters of carp juveniles in terms of introducing Quercus cortex extract into diet

VESTNIK OF ASTRAKHAN STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SERIES FISHING INDUSTRY ◽

10.24143/2073-5529-2019-4-124-131 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (4) ◽

pp. 124-131

Author(s):

Elena Petrovna Miroshnikova ◽

Julia Vladimirovna Kilyakova ◽

Sergey Vladimirovich Ponomarev ◽

Azamat Ersainovich Arinzhanov ◽

Maria Sergeevna Miroshnikova

Keyword(s):

Hematological Parameters ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Metabolic Processes ◽

Maximum Increase ◽

Dehydrogenase Enzyme ◽

Feed Analysis ◽

Experimental Group

The article presents the results of studies of morphological and biochemical blood parameters of carp juveniles when adding the extract Quercus cortex (1, 2, 3 mg/kg of feed), probiotic preparation of Soya-bifidum (0.7 ml/kg of feed), antibiotics Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in the composition of the drug Antibak 250 (100 mg/kg of feed). Analysis of hematological parameters of carp juveniles showed that adding Quercus cortex extract to the diet at a dosage of 2 mg/kg of feed contributed to increasing SGE by 66%, the average concentration of hemoglobin in the red blood cell by 20% compared to the control group. An increase in the level of leukocytes compared to the control was recorded only in the IV experimental group and made 13% (P≤0.05). An increase in glucose in the groups receiving Quercus cortex extract has been stated: in the I experimental group- by 4.2 times (P≤0.001), in II – by 3.4 (P≤0.001) and in III – by 3.3 (P≤0.001) compared to the control. Increasing glucose concentration indicates active metabolic processes and better stress resistance in the fish body. Iron content in carp blood was higher only in the first experimental group (by 3 times) compared to the control. Increasing activity of alanine aminotransferase was observed in all experimental groups, the highest rate of this enzyme being recorded in the IV experimental group (feed with probiotic additive Soya-bifidum) with a significant excess of control by 48%. Lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity exceeded the control in all experimental groups, maximum increase (by 67%) was observed in the IV experimental group. Alkaline phosphatase was below the control in all experimental groups, minimum values being registered in the IV experimental group- by 37% less than the control. Indicators of p-amylase in the IV group exceeded the control by 2.6 times, in the V group – by 1.5 times. In the II group p-amylase was lower than the control by 44%, and in the III – by 1.9 times. According to the obtained hematological data, it has been established that including Quercus cortex extract into the diet of carp juveniles is promising due to the positive effect on the fish physiological status, immune status, metabolic processes, hematopoiesis and digestibility of feed.

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