scholarly journals Analysis of Catechins in Gambir West Sumatra

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alif Gita Arumsari
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Polyphenol Compounds ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Natural Substance ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Qualitative Test ◽  
The Right

Gambir contains functional compounds that are included in the class of polyphenol compounds. The polyphenol compounds in gambir are mainly catechins, a natural substance that has antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to obtain catechin compounds from Gambir extract, to determine the solvent concentration and the right extraction temperature to obtain catechin compounds in Gambir, and to increase the selling value of Gambir latex in the Farmer community. To get the results of catechins in Gambir, this research was carried out using the infundation method. The yield of the extract was mostly found at a solvent concentration of 45% ethanol, a temperature of 105 oC and a time of 3 hours, namely 81%. Qualitative test using FeCl3 reagent can be seen that in the filtrate extracted from gambir there are catechins which show a blackish green color when dropped with FeCl3

scholarly journals Optimization of the extraction of natural phenolic antioxidants from the seeds of Tamarindus indica L. - an undervalued by product of food processing - using response surface methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atreyi Sarkar ◽  
Uma Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

The seeds of Tamarindus indica are known to possess a wide range of phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity as measured by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In the present study, the optimum conditions for the extraction of crude phenolic antioxidants from Tamarind seed were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) was used to investigate the effects of four independent variables, namely concentration of extractable solids in solvent (g/ml; X1), extraction time (h; X2), extraction temperature (°C; X3) and solvent concentration (%, v/v; X4) on the responses of total polyphenol content (TPC) and FRAP. The CCD consisted of 30 experimental runs. A second-order polynomial model was used for predicting the responses. Canonical analysis of the surface responses revealed that the predicted optimal conditions for the maximal yield of TPC and FRAP were concentration of extractable solids in solvent of 0.049 g/ml, extraction time of 3.24 h, extraction temperature of 45 °C and a solvent concentration of 50%. The experimental values in the optimised condition coincided with the predicted ones within a 95% confidence interval, hence indicating the suitability of the model and the success of RSM in optimizing the extraction parameters.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Screening of the Different of Secondary Metabolites Ruku-Ruku Leaves (Ocimum tenuiflorum Linnen) in West Sumatera

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Hesty Parbuntari ◽  
Sri Benti Etika ◽  
Melindra Mulia ◽  
Elfanny Delvia
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Ocimum Tenuiflorum ◽  
Qualitative Test

Ruku-ruku leaves are used to remove distinctive odors from fish in some cuisine of West Sumatra. The characteristic odor comes from secondary metabolites especially essential oils. Therefore, secondary metabolites in ruku-ruku leaves have the potential to be further investigated as a source of bioactive compounds. The phytochemical screening of ruku-ruku leaves is a preminilary qualitative test that needs to be done to maximise its function as a medicinal plant. Based on the result data, there are some different result of flavonoid, steroids, and triterpenoids identification. Ruku-ruku leaves from Pesisir Selatan and Padang Panjang shows less flavonoid compounds tham Payakumbuh, Batusangkar, and Lubuk Alung. Both of this city and Payakumbuh also gives less steroids and triterpenoids. The factor influencing this result is caused by several factors, namely temperature, humidity, light exposure, and salinity.

scholarly journals The Influence of Polyphenol Compounds on Human Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Wiciński ◽  
Jakub Gębalski ◽  
Ewelina Mazurek ◽  
Marta Podhorecka ◽  
Maciej Śniegocki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Polyphenol Compounds ◽  
Important Group ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

Polyphenols form a diverse group of compounds containing at least two hydroxyl groups in their chemical structure. Because of the common presence in plant kingdom, polyphenols are considered a significant component of food and an important group of compounds with antioxidant properties. The absorption of polyphenols present in food depends mostly on the activity of intestinal microflora. However, little is known about the processes and interactions responsible for such phenomenon in guts ecosystem. There are only few available publications that examine the effect on polyphenols on intestinal microbiota. Therefore, this work will focus on describing the relationship between polyphenol compounds present in food and bacteria colonizing the intestines, their mechanism, and impact on human’s health.

scholarly journals Polyphenol Compounds and Biological Activity of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) Flowers Buds

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Wojdyło ◽  
Paulina Nowicka ◽  
Mar Grimalt ◽  
Pilar Legua ◽  
Maria Soledad Almansa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Polyphenol Compounds ◽  
Ache Inhibitors ◽  
Capparis Spinosa

The aim of the study was to analyze potential health-promoting components of caper flower buds (Capparis spinosa L.) at six stages of development in two cultivars. Polyphenol compounds (flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols) were identified by Liquid Chromatography– quadrupole Time–of–Flight –Mass Spectrofotometer/Mass Spectrofotometer (LC-qTOF-MS/MS) and quantified by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Photodiode Array-Fluorescence Detector (UPLC-PDA-FL). Moreover, antioxidant properties (ABTS+•, FRAP, and ORAC), anti-diabetic potential (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), and anti-aging activity (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)) of the buds were examined. Total phenolic compounds in the investigated caper varied from 10,720 to 3256 mg/100 g dry weight (DW), and depended on a genotype and growing stage of caper flowers. Among six different growing stages, the one named ‘nonpareilles’ was characterized by significantly higher content of polyphenols than the remaining five stages. The flavonols in caper flowers represented a mixture of different glycosylated quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and isorhamnetin derivatives, accounting for 38%–67%, 15%–36%, 4%–7%, and 0.8%–3%, respectively, of total flavonols,. Their contents strongly depended on the growth stage. ‘Nonpareilles’ and ‘surfines’ were richer in flavonols than ‘fines’ and ‘gruesas’. Of the six investigated growth stages, ‘nonpareilles’ accumulated the greatest amounts of bioactive compounds that correlated with antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties, and were more potent BuChE than AChE inhibitors.

scholarly journals Effect of extraction variables on total phenol yield in some selected legumes indigenous to Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Samaila James ◽  
Titus Ugochukwu Nwabueze ◽  
Gregory I. Onwuka ◽  
Joel Ndife ◽  
Suleiman James Amuga
Keyword(s):  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Dietary Management ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Red Bean

There are increasing research efforts on the possibilities of the utilization of natural sources of bioactive compounds for the dietary management of certain degenerative diseases due to their deleterious health effects associated with the the use of synthetic chemicals. Therefore, this study evaluated the yield of total phenol from bambaranut, cowpea, red bean and pigeon pea. A set of single factor experiments, namely solvent types (acetone, ethanol and methanol), solvent concentration (20 – 100 %, v/v), extraction time (30 – 50 min) and extraction temperature (40 – 60 °C), were evaluated for the optimization of total phenol recovery. The results show that extraction variables significantly (p < 0.05) affected the total phenol yield. Ethanol at 60% concentration (v/v) incubated at 50 °C for 40 min gave the highest total phenol (217.11 mg/100 g) yield in bambaranut. In cowpea, ethanol at 90% concentration (v/v) incubated at 50 °C for 50 min gave the highest total phenol (192.61 mg/100 g). Methanol at 100% concentration incubated at 50 °C for 40 min gave the highest total phenol (212.00 mg/100 g) in the red bean while methanol at 100 % concentration (v/v) incubated at 50 °C for 40 min gave the highest total phenol (196.33 mg/100 g) in pigeon pea.

Development of ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for the optimal yield of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties from lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Saifullah ◽  
Rebecca McCullum ◽  
Quan Van Vuong
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Water As Solvent

Background: Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora), is native to Australia and has a significant value as an aromatic herb and folk medicine. Recently it has shown potential applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Objective: This study was designed to identify the most suitable safe solvent for the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties from lemon myrtle leaves, and then apply response surface methodology (RSM) to develop the optimal conditions (time, temperature, and sonication power) for extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties from lemon myrtle using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). Methods: Five different solvents viz water, acetone, ethanol, acetone: water (50:50), and ethanol: water (50:50) were tested for extraction efficiency of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties from dried lemon myrtle leaves. A three-level three-factor Box–Behnken design was employed to elucidate the effect of sonication time, extraction temperature, and sonication power on the yields of total phenolics, antioxidant capacities, and major individual compounds (gallic acid and hesperetin). Results: The results showed that solvents have a significant impact on the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties from lemon myrtle, and 50% acetone is the best solvent. Mathematical models were reliable for prediction of optimal extraction conditions and the optimal conditions for extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, as well as gallic acid and hesperetin are 50 min, 60 °C and sonication power of 250 W. Conclusion: These optimal conditions and 50% acetone in water (as solvent) are recommended to extract phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity from lemon myrtle leaves for the application as a functional food ingredient.

Green Nail Syndrome, A Rare Infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in The Nail

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Erike A. Suwarsono
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Green Color ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nail Infection

ObjectiveA nail infection is a common case caused by fungal infection, thus can make any bacterial correlated infection in the nail can be under-diagnosed. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause nail infection known as green nail syndrome (chromonychia). Method  A 3 years old girl presented with greenish discoloration on the nail plate of the right toenail since previous a month. She came from well-educated family, but the water resource at their home was not good enough. The specimen of nail scraping was sent to the microbiology laboratory. The Gram from nail scraping didn’t show any significant result. After 24 hours, a greenish colony, non-lactose fermenter on the Mac Conkey and a dominant blue-green color colony on the blood sheep agar had grown.  The colonies are beta hemolytic, flat and spreading. They were also positive to oxidase and catalase. Result The Gram result from the colony was showed as basil negative Gram. Identification from Vitex 2® concluded as Pseudomonas aeruginosa that resistant to all penicillin derivate and 2nd generation of cephalosporin. However the isolate was still sensitive to ceftazidime, carbapenems, quinolones and amino-glycosides. The treatment was decided using topical fluoroquinolone nadifloxacin, and gave a significant result in a month Conclusion Green nail syndrome that is caused by P. aeruginosa infection could be treated by topical fluoroquinolone for 1-2 months

scholarly journals Optimization of Phenolics Extracted fromIdesia polycarpaDefatted Fruit Residue and Its Antioxidant and Depigmenting ActivityIn VitroandIn Vivo

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Ye ◽  
Xiao-Shan Tang ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Lin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
B16 Mouse Melanoma ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
First Time

Extraction of phenolics fromIdesia polycarpadefatted fruit residue was optimized by the maximization of the yield in total phenolics, using the response surface methodology. The optimized conditions were 50% ethanol, 5 h extraction time, 1 : 40 liquid to solid ratio, and 80°C extraction temperature. The experimental average total phenolics yield was54.49±4.26 mg/g. These antioxidant properties of phenolics were comprehensively analyzed for the first time. All the extracts not only demonstrated the significant free radical scavenging activities and metal chelating activity but also inhibited lipid, lipoprotein peroxidation and revealed reducing power activity. Ethyl acetate extraction (EAE) also inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity and significantly increased the average skin-whitening index (Lvalue) of the skin of C57BL/6 mice, indicating its potential use for skin hyperpigmentation in humans. The results of cell experiments showed EAE could strongly inhibit cellular tyrosinase activity, which had led to the decrease of melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells. Overall, EAE is an excellent natural antioxidant and depigmenting agent, which can be developed as a new food additive, medicine, and cosmetic.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRACTION PARAMETERS FOR TOTAL FLAVONOIDS FROM GARDENIA GUMMIFERA GUM RESIN BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snehal B. Bhandare ◽  
Kirti S. Laddha
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Extraction Parameters

Objective: To optimize the extraction parameters for determining the highest yield of Total Flavonoids from Gardenia gummifera gum resin.Methods: In the present study, response surface methodology (RSM) with three level Box Behenken design (BBD) was performed to optimize extraction parameters for total flavonoids. Solvent concentration(A), extraction time (B) and extraction temperature(C) were considered for single factor experiment.Results: The highest flavonoid concentration was obtained with acetone 45.00% v/v, time 101.46 min, temperature 41.57 °C. The average experimental TFC under optimal conditions was 161.14 mg/g which was in close agreement with the predicted value of 163.42 mg/g.Conclusion: RSM-BBD is successfully applied in optimizing extraction conditions for extraction of total flavonoids from G. gummifera gum resin.

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