scholarly journals MICROBIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POST-TRAUMATIC OSTEOMYELITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (06) ◽  
pp. 04-08
Author(s):  
Mzia Tsiklauri ◽  
Paata Gudushauri ◽  
Iamze Taboridze
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Blast Transformation ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Keywords Trauma ◽  
System Data ◽  
The One

Objective: The one of the most important issues in traumatology is prevention and treatment of purulent-septic complications of traumatic diseases. The aim of our study was to establish correlations between osteomyelitis caused by bacterial flora and immunological factors. Methods: On the basis of a comprehensive study of bacteriological and immunological data in 100 patients with various etiologies osteomyelitis, using correlation analysis was determined: that the types of microbial complications following trauma and the date of the body's immune system depends on etiological factors. The frequency of microbes is different and depends on the localization of the injury and the surgical intervention. Results: frequency of the etiological factors in the contingent we studied, was distributed as follows: S. aureus-36,9%, S.Epidermidis-52,4, Ps. aeruginosa 27,4%, E. coli- 13,1%, Proteus- 27,4%. Associated infection (or co-infection e.g. S. aureus+S. Epidermidis, or St.Epidermidisis+Ps. Aeruginosa and etc) occurred in 22.6% of cases. A significantly high correlation coefficient was observed in patients who came to the clinics spontaneously or with delay, as well as with the early onset of the infectious process (up to two weeks) and surgical treatment. It also correlates positively with a decrease of following immunological parameters: NK, CD4+, CD8+ and CD 19+, the leucocytes phagocytic index is reduced and the blast transformation reaction of lymphocytes rate was increased. There is a significant correlation with benign outcome of treatment, which indicates that, the patient was sent for outpatient treatment (R=0, 79). Keywords: Trauma, Osteomyelitis, Microorganism, Etiological factor, Immune system data.

scholarly journals The effects of co-transplantation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell and thymic multipotent stromal cells on the immune system of mice during its regeneration after cyclophosphamide treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Demchenko ◽  
I. Nikolskiy
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Blast Transformation ◽  
Multipotent Stromal Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Stimulation Of

The multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are considered as one of the most promising agents for regenerating the immune system due to its powerful secretion of reparative factors and immunomodulatory properties.The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of co-transplantation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and thymic multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) on regeneration of murine immune system damaged by cyclophosphamide.Materials and methods. MSCs were obtained from thymuses of C57BL mice using explant technique. Bone marrow cells (BMCs) were obtained by flushing out the femur with nutrient medium. The immune deficiency of mice was modelled by the treatment with cyclophosphamide. After that, the cells were co-transplanted and the parameters of the immune system was evaluated. We determined the total number of erythrocytes, hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration in peripheral blood; phases of the cell cycle and apoptosis of the cells of the mesenteric lymph nodes; the number of antibody-producing cells in the spleen; delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH); proliferative and cytotoxic activity of natural killer lymphocytes; phagocytic activity, level of spontaneous and induced bactericidal activity of peritoneal macrophages.Results. It was shown that in contrast to BMCs, the use of MSCs alone or co-transplantation of these cells increased the spontaneous proliferative activity of lymphocytes with a significant decrease in the number of lymph node cells in G0/G1 phase by 9.2 % and an increase in the number of lymphocytes in G2-M+S phase by 35 %, as well as restoring cellularity of bone marrow, thymus and lymph nodes in mice treated with cyclophosphamide. Regeneration of erythropoiesis was stimulated by BMCs, which was manifested by the normalization of hematocrit and hemoglobin, and an increase in the number of reticulocytes in the blood by 2.2 times compared with the group of mice receiving cyclophosphamide. Co-transplantation had less pronounced, but similar effect. Transplantation of thymic MSCs stimulated the natural cytotoxicity of splenocytes by 2.7 times and substantially increased the number of antibody-producing cells in the spleen by 1.7 times compared with the group of mice receiving cyclophosphamide. Co-transplantation had a pronounced suppressive effect on the blast transformation reaction induced by phytohemagglutinin by 1.7 times, but showed a stimulating effect on DTH response by 1.46 times. Transplantation of BMCs did not affect the functional activity of the immune system.Conclusion. The effects of co-transplantation of BMCs and thymic MSCs are realized in the several parts: stimulation of hematological parameters recovery (like under the effect of BMCs separately), normalization of cell number of lymphoid organs (as under the impact of thymic MSCs); inhibition of blast transformation activity and stimulation of DTH are the effects of co-transplantation.

scholarly journals Keçiboynuzu (Ceratonia siliqua) Şurubunun Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Balıklarında Büyüme Performansı, Hematolojik, Serum Biyokimyası ve Bağışıklık Parametrelerine Etkisi

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevdan Yılmaz ◽  
Sebahattin Ergün ◽  
Ekrem Şanver Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Serum Biochemical

The present study investigated the effects of dietary carob (Ceratonia siliqua) syrup supplementation on growth performance, haematological, serum biochemical and immunological parameters of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain carob syrup at levels of 0%, 5%, 2.5%, 1.25%, and 0.625%. Fish were fed experimental diets for 60 days. There were no particular differences in weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, red blood cell count, haematocrit ratio (%), serum total protein, albumin, and globulin levels of fish fed experimental diets. However, dietary carob syrup especially with 1.25% incorporation significantly decreased serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol levels. The dietary carob syrup especially at 1.25% significantly increased the phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, respiratory burst and potential killing activity. In conclusion, findings of the present study indicate that feeding tilapia with a diet containing 1.25% carob syrup over a period of 60 days might be adequate to improve immune parameters and serum biochemical variables without any adverse effect on growth performance and haematological parameters of fish.

scholarly journals The cell protection of weated pigs for probiotics

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
L. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Lysozyme Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Experimental Group

The immune system is central to ensuring the consistency of the body's homeostasis. The state of the body's natural resistance is determined by a set of non-specific protective mechanisms. Lymphocytes and phagocytes are actively involved in maintaining immunity. Lymphocytes recognize the antigens of pathogenic microorganisms, and phagocytes absorb and destroy the pathogens themselves. During the weaning of piglets from sows there is a decrease in the protective forces of their body. During this period, the natural resistance of the piglets is reduced due to the stressful situation caused by changing conditions of confinement, the transition to full feed and lack of sows. The immune system of weaning pigs is relatively weak, so when exposed to environmental and technological stressors, they become susceptible to various diseases. The use of probiotic drugs stimulates the activity of the immune system, prevents stress and immunodeficiency. One of these probiotics is the probiotic of domestic production Protecto-active. It w observed the the influence of the probiotic Protecto-active on the indices of nonspecific resistance of the young pigs organism to the growth. An increase in bactericidal activity of blood serum by 12.10% (P <0.05) and lysozyme activity of blood in the piglets of the experimental group was increased by 3.71% compared to control, which indicates the activation of the body's defenses and the increase in adaptive capacity. An important step in the study of the influence of the probiotic Protekto-active on the state of the immune system is to determine the phagocytic activity of neutrophils, phagocytic index and phagocytic number. In the experimental group of piglets that were fed the probiotic Protecto-active, we found an increase in leukocyte phagocytic activity by 9.0% (P <0.001), a phagocytic index by 51.7% (P<0.001) and a phagocytic number by 24.8% ( P <0.01) compared with the control group. Thus, using a probiotic Protecto-active, all indicators of phagocytosis increase: the number of phagocytes increases, their ability to capture microorganisms and increases their digestive capacity, it increases the bacterial and lysozyme activity of blood serum, which is positively reflected in the immunobiosity. Key words: probiotic, phagocytosis, phagocytic index, phagocytic number, phagocytic activity of leukocytes, cellular immunity, piglets

scholarly journals Postpartum endometritis prevention in abdominal delivery planning in pregnant with severe anaerobic vaginal dysbiosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
K V Voronin ◽  
A M Alale ◽  
I I Alale ◽  
R M Banakhevich
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Test System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Ascending Infection

Aim. Prevention of purulent and septic complications in females after planned caesarean section.Methods. Out of 60 pregnant women, who underwent comprehensive examination during the trial, 35 (58.3%) were included in the study group and were delivered off by planned cesarean section; 25 (41.7%) pregnant women, included in the control group, were delivered off by urgent cesarean section. Considering the goal of the study, bacteriology of vaginal discharge, amniotic fluid and placental tissues, DNA detection of vaginal discharge bacterial flora before and after treatment (using «Femoflor-16» test system) according to classification by M.N. Boldyreva (2010), uterine cavity aspirate cytology according to classification by M.A. Kupert (2003), sonography of the uterus and uterine adnexa on the 4-5 day after the surgery according to classification of A.P. Milovanov were added to the training program for pregnant women. In the study group, pregnant patients with severe anaerobic vaginal dysbiosis at the 36-38 weeks of gestation were administered causal treatment of severe anaerobic vaginal dysbiosis, pregnant patients of the control group were not treated if severe anaerobic vaginal dysbiosis was diagnosed.Results. Performed correction of vaginal microbiota in the study group has significantly improved the course of postoperative period, reduced the incidence of uterine subinvolution, signs of chorioamnionitis as a manifestation of ascending infection compared to the control group. Postpartum endometritis has developed in 1 (2.8%) patient of the study group and in 5 (20.0%) cases in the control group. Offered method for preparing the patients with vaginal dysbiosis to cesarean section reduced the risk for postpartum endometritis by 6.8 times.Conclusion. Strategy of preparation for planned Caesarean section should include vaginal discharge bacteriology and treatment of severe anaerobic vaginal dysbiosis, which reduces the risk for postpartum endometritis by 6.8 times.

The Organophosphate Paraoxon Has No Demonstrable Effect on the Murine Immune System following Subchronic Low Dose Exposure

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Fernandez-Cabezudo ◽  
S. Azimullah ◽  
S.M. Nurulain ◽  
M. Mechkarska ◽  
D.E. Lorke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Subchronic Exposure ◽  
Significant Difference

Paraoxon is the bioactive metabolite of the organophosphate pesticide parathion. Desulphuration of parathion by liver enzymes or sunlight results in the formation of paraoxon which inhibits acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of a 6-week, subchronic treatment with two different daily intraperitoneal doses (30 or 40 nmol) of paraoxon on the immune system of BALB/c mice. At a dose of 30 nmol/day, body weight of treated animals was unchanged compared to the controls. In contrast, the higher dose (40 nmol/day) induced a reduction in body growth, particularly in the first 3 weeks of treatment, peaking at week 2 when the saline group showed a 14.2-fold increase in body weight gain compared to paraoxon-treated animals. Moreover, mice treated with either dose of paraoxon had a >50% reduction in AChE activity during the first 3 weeks of treatment, but by the end of the treatment (week 6), AChE activity returned to normal. With regard to immunological parameters, there was no significant difference in either total spleen weight or in the ratios of various spleen cell populations between control and paraoxon-treated animals. Furthermore, no changes were observed in mitogen-induced cytokine secretion from splenocytes of paraoxon-treated mice. Finally, subchronic exposure to paraoxon did not alter mortality of mice exposed to a bacterial infection with Salmonella typhimurium. These data suggest that although subchronic exposure to paraoxon induced a transient inhibition in AChE activity, it had no demonstrable effect on the host immune system.

scholarly journals Using Google Earth™ and Geographical Information System data as method to delineate sample domains for an urban household surveys: the case of Maroua (Far North Region-Cameroon)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald R. B. Ngom Vougat ◽  
Steven Chouto ◽  
Sylvain Aoudou Doua ◽  
Rebecca Garabed ◽  
André Zoli Pagnah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
System Data ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Required

Abstract Background Getting a random household sample during a survey can be expensive and very difficult especially in urban area and non-specialist. This study aimed to test an alternative method using freely available aerial imagery. Methods A gridded map and random selection method was used to select households for interviews. A hundred numbered of points were put along the edges of an updated map of Maroua. Then two numbers were randomly draw at a time and a line was drawn between those two numbers. A lot of different kinds of shapes of different sizes obtained were numbered. Ten shapes were randomly draw and the one selected were considered as ‘neighbourhoods’. A grid of 30 m × 30 m was drawn over each and then numbered. 202 grids considered here as households were randomly selected from the ten neighbourhoods for interviews. Results Out of 202 households visited, only 4 were found to be something other than a house. In addition, 30 sampled households (14.85%) were abandoned or the occupants had relocated elsewhere. This method resulted in an accuracy level of 72%, its advantage is the ability to generate efficient random sample at relatively low cost as well the time required. Conclusions The method proposed in this study was efficient and cost-effective when compared to the infield generation of a household inventory or Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking of households. It can then be used by researchers in low-incomes countries where funding for research is a challenge. However, this method needs to train the investigators on how to use the GPS.

scholarly journals A Fragrant Environment Containing α-Pinene Suppresses Tumor Growth in Mice by Modulating the Hypothalamus/Sympathetic Nerve/Leptin Axis and Immune System

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153473541984513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kusuhara ◽  
Koji Maruyama ◽  
Hidee Ishii ◽  
Yoko Masuda ◽  
Kazutoshi Sakurai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous Activity ◽  
Immunological Parameters

The environment is thought to affect outcomes in patients with cancer; however, this relationship has not been proven directly. Recently, an enriched environment, as a model of a positive environment, has been shown to suppress tumor growth by lowering leptin production through a pathway involving the hypothalamus/sympathetic nerve/leptin axis. We previously reported that a fragrant environment (FE) containing α-pinene suppressed tumor growth in mice; however, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated changes in the neuroendocrine and immune systems following exposure to an FE. Mice were exposed to α-pinene (5 h/day) for 4 weeks prior to tumor implantation with murine melanoma cells and 3 weeks after transplantation. In addition to the evaluation of tumor growth, the blood, spleen, and hypothalamus were collected 3 weeks after transplantation, and neuroendocrinological and immunological parameters were measured. Tumor size was ~40% smaller in mice exposed to FE. Moreover, plasma noradrenaline concentrations, which reflected sympathetic nervous activity, tended to increase, and leptin levels were significantly decreased in FE-exposed mice. Levels of stress hormones, such as plasma corticosterone and adrenaline, did not change in the 2 groups. In the hypothalamus, brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein levels and glucose-1-phosphate concentrations were decreased in the FE group. Additionally, numbers of B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and natural killer cells increased in the FE-exposed mice. These neurohormonal and immunological changes in the FE-exposed mice suggested that the FE may activate the hypothalamus/sympathetic nerve/leptin axis and immune system, thereby retarding tumor growth.

scholarly journals The Potential of Computational Modeling to Predict Disease Course and Treatment Response in Patients with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Pappalardo ◽  
Giulia Russo ◽  
Marzio Pennisi ◽  
Giuseppe Alessandro Parasiliti Palumbo ◽  
Giuseppe Sgroi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

As of today, 20 disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) have been approved for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) and, based on their efficacy, they can be grouped into moderate-efficacy DMDs and high-efficacy DMDs. The choice of the drug mostly relies on the judgment and experience of neurologists and the evaluation of the therapeutic response can only be obtained by monitoring the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) status during follow up. In an era where therapies are focused on personalization, this study aims to develop a modeling infrastructure to predict the evolution of relapsing MS and the response to treatments. We built a computational modeling infrastructure named Universal Immune System Simulator (UISS), which can simulate the main features and dynamics of the immune system activities. We extended UISS to simulate all the underlying MS pathogenesis and its interaction with the host immune system. This simulator is a multi-scale, multi-organ, agent-based simulator with an attached module capable of simulating the dynamics of specific biological pathways at the molecular level. We simulated six MS patients with different relapsing–remitting courses. These patients were characterized based on their age, sex, presence of oligoclonal bands, therapy, and MRI lesion load at the onset. The simulator framework is made freely available and can be used following the links provided in the availability section. Even though the model can be further personalized employing immunological parameters and genetic information, we generated a few simulation scenarios for each patient based on the available data. Among these simulations, it was possible to find the scenarios that realistically matched the real clinical and MRI history. Moreover, for two patients, the simulator anticipated the timing of subsequent relapses, which occurred, suggesting that UISS may have the potential to assist MS specialists in predicting the course of the disease and the response to treatment.

scholarly journals Comparative studies on the effects of lincomycin and bacitracin on hematobiochemical and immunological parameters in broiler chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ashraf A. Elkomy ◽  
Enas Farag ◽  
Elshahat I. Elgharbawy ◽  
Mohamed Elbadawy
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Hematobiochemical Parameters ◽  
Serum Total Lipid ◽  
Immunological Alterations

A total of 100 one-day-old healthy broiler chicks were used to study the effects of lincomycin and bacitracin on some hematobiochemical and immunological parameters. Chicks were divided into four equal groups, 25 each. The first group was kept as control; the 2nd group was received 0.5 g of lincomycin per liter; the 3rd group was received 100 mg bacitracin per liter and the 4th group was administered both lincomycin and bacitracin, each at the above-mentioned dose. Drugs were given in drinking water for 5 successive days from 20th to 25th day of age. Bodyweight was recorded at the beginning of the experiment and at 1st-day post administration where body performance was recorded. One day post administration, blood samples were collected for estimation of hematobiochemical and immunological alterations. The obtained results revealed that broiler chicks administered lincomycin or bacitracin or both revealed a marked increase in bodyweight, weight gain, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, erythrocytic count, hemoglobin level, packed cell volume, total leukocytic count, serum total protein, albumin, total globulin, α, β and γ globulin. Furthermore, a significant elevation in malondialdehyde associated with a marked reduction in albumin-globulin ratio, serum total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride and a significant decrease in catalase and superoxide dismutase, were recorded, compared with the control group. In conclusion, lincomycin and bacitracin either alone or in combination have positive impacts on growth performance, immunological and hematobiochemical parameters of broiler chickens. So, it is recommended to use both drugs as growth promoters in broiler chickens.   

Elevated Normal Immunoglobulins and Stable M-Protein Levels in Multiple Myeloma Patients on Erythropoietin Treatment.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 4747-4747
Author(s):  
Noa Gadassi ◽  
Sari Prutchi Sagiv ◽  
Howard S. Oster ◽  
Drorit Newmann ◽  
Moshe Mittelman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Immune System ◽  
M Protein ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Erythropoietin Treatment ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is a well-known treatment for anemia in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. We have previously reported that rHuEPO treatment was associated with prolonged survival of several patients suffering from advanced disease (Mittelman et al., 1997). Recently we have demonstrated that treatment of MM patients with rHuEPO is associated with significant improvements of certain immunological parameters and functions (Prutchi-Sagiv et al., 2006), mainly related to the cellular compartment. The objective of the present retrospective study was to determine whether rHuEPO treatment, in addition to its effects on the cellular immune compartment, also modulates the humoral arm of the immune system in MM patients. Medical charts of eighteen consecutive IgG and IgA MM patients were analyzed and the levels of normal immunoglobulins (Ig) and M-protein before and during rHuEPO treatment were recorded. We have found a significant increase in the levels of normal Ig (IgG, IgA and IgM) in response to rHuEPO, during the 3–9 months fromtreatment initiation. Importantly, the levels of M-protein remained stable for a period of 10–12 months from treatment initiation. These results are in line with previous studies, including our study in murine models (Katz et al., 2007), demonstrating that EPO improves humoral immune responses. The current study highlights the concept that EPO’s immunomodulatory actions on MM patients might also involve the humoral compartment of the immune system.

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