scholarly journals Prevalence of heavy smokers in the year 2000 in the Province of Varese, Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Imperatori ◽  
N. Rotolo ◽  
V. Conti ◽  
D. Di Natale ◽  
V. Tropeano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Italian Provinces ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Background. Knowing the prevalence of heavy smokers (HS) by gender and age is a pre-requisite for bringing into effect public health measures against smoking-related diseases. Smoking prevalence data is available for the Italian Regions, however it is generally unknown for the Italian Provinces. Methods. In the year 2000 a survey of smoking prevalence was conducted by 47 general practitioners (GPs), by personal interview, in a large sample of the Varese Province population 45-74 years of age (28,034 subjects; 13,528 men, 14,506 women). Each surveyed subject was categorised either as ever HS (current/former smoker of at least 10 pack-years) or as non HS. The information on smoking habit collected by the GPs was anonymously pooled for analysis. Prevalence figures of smoking were tabulated by gender and by 5-year age-strata. Results. In the population 45-74 years of age the percentage of ever HS overall was 22.3% (34.4% of men; 11.0% of women). The prevalence of ever HS in both sexes combined progressively decreased with advancing age, from 23.6% (45-49 year stratum) to 19.5% (70-74 year stratum). Current HS were 24.5% of men and 9.5% of women. Conclusions. The year 2000 survey on smoking habit, showing 22.3% prevalence of ever HS in age range 45-74 years, is the first conducted in the Varese Province using a large population sample. The data on heavy cigarette smoking presented in this paper, stratified by gender and age, may be used to monitor changes in the smoking habit and in the incidence of smoking-related illnesses at the provincial level.

Social Class and (Un)ethical Behavior: Evidence from a Large Population Sample

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Trautmann ◽  
Gijs van de Kuilen ◽  
Richard Zeckhauser
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Large Population Sample

scholarly journals Understanding the complexity of socioeconomic disparities in smoking prevalence in Sweden: a cross-sectional study applying intersectionality theory

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e042323
Author(s):  
Sten Axelsson Fisk ◽  
Martin Lindström ◽  
Raquel Perez-Vicente ◽  
Juan Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intersectionality Theory ◽  
Discriminatory Accuracy

ObjectivesSocioeconomic disparities in smoking prevalence remain a challenge to public health. The objective of this study was to present a simple methodology that displays intersectional patterns of smoking and quantify heterogeneities within groups to avoid inappropriate and potentially stigmatising conclusions exclusively based on group averages.SettingThis is a cross-sectional observational study based on data from the National Health Surveys for Sweden (2004–2016 and 2018) including 136 301 individuals. We excluded people under 30 years of age, or missing information on education, household composition or smoking habits. The final sample consisted on 110 044 individuals or 80.7% of the original sample.OutcomeApplying intersectional analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (AIHDA), we investigated the risk of self-reported smoking across 72 intersectional strata defined by age, gender, educational achievement, migration status and household composition.ResultsThe distribution of smoking habit risk in the population was very heterogeneous. For instance, immigrant men aged 30–44 with low educational achievement that lived alone had a prevalence of smoking of 54% (95% CI 44% to 64%), around nine times higher than native women aged 65–84 with high educational achievement and living with other(s) that had a prevalence of 6% (95% CI 5% to 7%). The discriminatory accuracy of the information was moderate.ConclusionA more detailed, intersectional mapping of the socioeconomic and demographic disparities of smoking can assist in public health management aiming to eliminate this unhealthy habit from the community. Intersectionality theory together with AIHDA provides information that can guide resource allocation according to the concept proportionate universalism.

From epidemiology to public health decision making: analysis on IMD & vaccination strategy in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Igidbashian ◽  
F Caracci ◽  
P Bonanni ◽  
P Castiglia ◽  
M Conversano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Disease ◽  
Preventable Disease ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Introduction Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD) is one of the most severe vaccine-preventable disease, with high fatality rate and severe sequelae in up to 20% of survivors. MenB, MenC and MenACWY vaccines are available in Italy, but recommendations vary among Italian regions in terms of type of vaccines and targeted age groups. The aim of the study is to describe epidemiology of IMDs in order to provide the best vaccination strategy. Methods IMDs surveillance data in the period 2011-2017 from the Italian National Health Institute were explored. Excel was used to present trend analysis, stratifying by age and serogroups. Results In Italy, during the period 2011-2017, IMDs overall incidence increased from 0.25 cases/100,000 inhabitants in 2011 to 0.33 in 2017. Most cases after 2013 were caused by non-B serogroups (52%, 52%, 66%, 64%, 59% from 2013 to 2017). Although incidence is highest in 1 years old children, the number of cases is highest in the age range 25-64. The number of cases in this age-range had a steady increase after 2013 (36 cases in 2011, 79 in 2017), with serogroups C, W and Y present in more than 65% of cases in 25+ age ranges after 2012. Conclusions IMD is a rare but severe vaccine-preventable disease. The key role of public health is to monitor disease serogroups, trends and outbreaks and strengthen methodological evidence-based tools for decision-making processes, public health policies, planning of healthcare services and intervention measures, including immunization. The increase in incidence shown in the period 2011-2017 in Italy, although probably due to better surveillance, highlighted the high circulation also of non-B serogroups and the importance of the disease in the adult population. Based on our analysis we believe that anti-meningococcal vaccination plan in Italy should include the highest number of preventable serogroups and be aimed to the whole population through a multicohort strategy, including boosters in children and in adults. Key messages Anti-meningococcal vaccination plan in Italy should include all the preventable serogroups and be aimed to the whole population with a multicohort strategy including boosters in children and in adults. The increase in incidence of IMD in the period 2011-2017 in Italy highlighted the high circulation also of non-B serogroups and the importance of the disease in the adult population.

Abstract P359: Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Diseases in the Italian Adult Population: The National Health Examination Surveys 2008-2012

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Donfrancesco ◽  
Luigi Palmieri ◽  
Cinzia Lo Noce ◽  
Francesco Dima ◽  
Amalia De Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Italian Regions

Background: From 2008 to 2012 an Health Examination Survey (HES)-Osservatorio Epidemiologico Cardiovascolare (OEC) has been implemented in Italy with the aim of assessing cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, prevalence of risk conditions and CV diseases for the Italian adult population. Methods: Random samples of general population stratified by age and sex were examined in all Italian regions (participation rate 56%). Risk factor were collected using standardized procedures and methods; biochemical tests were assayed in a central laboratory; a questionnaire investigates behaviours and CVD history; a ECG read in Minnesota code was used to define previous myocardial infarction. Comparisons between men and women were assessed using t-test for means and chi-squared test for prevalence. Results: Data of 4371 men and 4339 women ages 35-79 years were analysed. Majority of risk factors mean levels resulted higher in men than in women: systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 134 mmHg and 129 mmHg (p<0.0001), diastolic (DBP) was 84 mmHg and 79 mmHg (p<0.0001), fasting plasma glucose was 103 mg/dl and 95 mg/dl (p<0.0001), triglycerides was 135 mg/dl and 108 mg/dl (p<0.0001), respectively; as well as many CV risk conditions: smoking habit was 21% in men and 18% in women (p<0.0001), diabetes was 14% in men and 9% in women (p<0.0001) (28% of diabetic unaware both in men and women), 56% of men and 43% of women have SBP>=140 mmHg or DBP>=90 mmHg or in treatment (p<0.0001), 65% of men and 70% of women have total cholesterol (TC) >=200 mg/dl or in treatment for (p<0.0001), 48% of men and 33% of women are in overweight (BMI 25-29 kg/m 2 ) (p<0.0001). TC, LDL and HDL cholesterol resulted lower in men than in women: 209 mg/dl and 218 (44) (p<0.0001), 131 (38) mg/dl and 134 mg/dl (p<0.0001), 51 mg/dl and 62 mg/dl (p<0.0001), respectively. As well as prevalence of physical inactivity during leisure time: 31% in men and 43% in women (p<0.0001). Prevalence of obesity (BMI>=30 kg/m 2 ) resulted similar in men and women: 25% and 27% respectively (p=0.0818). Prevalence of myocardial infarction was 2.1% in men and 0.7% in women (p<0.0001), prevalence of by-pass or angioplasty surgery was 5.1% and 1.0% (p<0.0001), prevalence of angina pectoris was 3.2% and in 4.8% (p<0.0001), respectively. Conclusions: At present obesity and smoking are still a priority in public health. In combination with other information sources, the OEC can contribute greatly to plan community actions and health services at national and regional level.

scholarly journals Cardiometabolic disease and features of depression and bipolar disorder: Population-based, cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Martin ◽  
Zia Ul-Haq ◽  
Barbara I. Nicholl ◽  
Breda Cullen ◽  
Jonathan Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

BackgroundThe relative contribution of demographic, lifestyle and medication factors to the association between affective disorders and cardiometabolic diseases is poorly understood.AimsTo assess the relationship between cardiometabolic disease and features of depresion and bipolar disorder within a large population sample.MethodCross-sectional study of 145 991 UK Biobank participants: multivariate analyses of associations between features of depression or bipolar disorder and five cardiometabolic outcomes, adjusting for confounding factors.ResultsThere were significant associations between mood disorder features and ‘any cardiovascular disease’ (depression odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, 95% CI 1.12–1.19; bipolar OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.14–1.43) and with hypertension (depression OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.13–1.18; bipolar OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.12–1.42). Individuals with features of mood disorder taking psychotropic medication were significantly more likely than controls not on psychotropics to report myocardial infarction (depression OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.24–1.73; bipolar OR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.53–3.57) and stroke (depression OR = 2.46, 95% CI 2.10–2.80; bipolar OR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.39–3.85).ConclusionsAssociations between features of depression or bipolar disorder and cardiovascular disease outcomes were statistically independent of demographic, lifestyle and medication confounders. Psychotropic medication may also be a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease in individuals without a clear history of mood disorder.

Restricting tobacco sales to only pharmacies combined with cessation advice: a modelling study of the future smoking prevalence, health and cost impacts

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederieke S Petrović-van der Deen ◽  
Tony Blakely ◽  
Giorgi Kvizhinadze ◽  
Christine L Cleghorn ◽  
Linda J Cobiac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Intervention Package ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Uncertainty Interval ◽  
Tobacco Sales ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Tobacco Endgame

ObjectiveRestricting tobacco sales to pharmacies only, including the provision of cessation advice, has been suggested as a potential measure to hasten progress towards the tobacco endgame. We aimed to quantify the impacts of this hypothetical intervention package on future smoking prevalence, population health and health system costs for a country with an endgame goal: New Zealand (NZ).MethodsWe used two peer-reviewed simulation models: 1) a dynamic population forecasting model for smoking prevalence and 2) a closed cohort multi-state life-table model for future health gains and costs by sex, age and ethnicity. Greater costs due to increased travel distances to purchase tobacco were treated as an increase in the price of tobacco. Annual cessation rates were multiplied with the effect size for brief opportunistic cessation advice on sustained smoking abstinence.ResultsThe intervention package was associated with a reduction in future smoking prevalence, such that by 2025 prevalence was 17.3%/6.8% for Māori (Indigenous)/non-Māori compared to 20.5%/8.1% projected under no intervention. The measure was furthermore estimated to accrue 41 700 discounted quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 33 500 to 51 600) over the remainder of the 2011 NZ population’s lives. Of these QALYs gained, 74% were due to the provision of cessation advice over and above the limiting of sales to pharmacies.ConclusionsThis work provides modelling-level evidence that the package of restricting tobacco sales to only pharmacies combined with cessation advice in these settings can accelerate progress towards the tobacco endgame, and achieve large population health benefits and cost-savings.

scholarly journals Investigation on Glucose and levels of Zn and Cu in Sera of Iraqi Males addicted on Methamphetamine or Tramadol

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Rulla Sabah ◽  
Ahmed saad abbas Fatin F.Al-Kazazz ◽  
Salam A.H Al-Ameri
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zn And Cu In ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Group A ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Addiction is the most critical form of Addiction. It is a chronic disease with a potential for fatality if not treated. In this work, 180 samples of male individuals were collected in this study. They classified into three groups, groups:  G1 who were healthy control; G2 who was addicted to methamphetamine (meth); G3 who was addicted to tramadol (Tra). Each group consists of 60 heavy smokers Iraqi male individuals in the age range of 18-43 years. The results showed a highly significant increase (p<0.0001) in the level of Glucose of the two addicted groups in comparison with the healthy group. A highly significant decrease (p<0.0001) could be seen in the level of Zn of the two addicted groups G2, G3 compared to the control group, while the level of Cu of the two addicted groups were highly significant increased (p<0.0001). Also, the results showed a highly significant difference (p<0.0001) in BMI for the studied groups, G2, G3 in comparison with the control group. All addictive individuals under this study were at normal weight depending on their BMI.  

scholarly journals Email Vs. Instagram Recruitment Strategies For Online Survey Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Rafael R. Moraes ◽  
Marcos B. Correa ◽  
Ândrea Daneris ◽  
Ana B. Queiroz ◽  
João P. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Recruitment Strategies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
E Mail

Abstract In this study, we describe a method for reaching a target population (i.e., dentists practicing in Brazil) to engage in survey research using traditional e-mail invites and recruitment campaigns created on Instagram. This study addresses methodological aspects and compares respondents reached by different methods. A pre-tested questionnaire was used and participants were recruited for 10 days via a source list of email addresses and two discrete Instagram organic open campaigns. A total of 3,122 responses were collected: 509 participants were recruited by email (2.1% response rate) and 2,613 by the two Instagram campaigns (20.7% and 11.7% conversion rates), respectively. Response/min collection rates in the first 24 h ranged between 0.23 (email) and 1.09 (first campaign). In total, 98.8% of all responses were received in the first 48 h for the different recruitment strategies. There were significant differences for all demographic variables (p< 0.001) between email and Instagram respondents, except for sex (p=0.37). Instagram respondents were slightly older, had more professional experience (years in practice), and a higher graduate education level than email respondents. Moreover, most email and Instagram respondents worked in the public sector and private practice, respectively. Although both strategies could collect responses from all Brazilian regions, email responses were slightly better distributed across the five territorial areas compared to Instagram. This study provides evidence that survey recruitment of a diverse, large population sample using Instagram is feasible. However, combination of email and Instagram recruitment led to a more diverse population and improved response rates.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Kebiasaan Merokok dengan Angka Kejadian Lesi yang Diduga Stomatitis Nikotina pada Masyarakat Desa Ongkaw Dua

e-CliniC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda A. Tambunan ◽  
Pieter L. Suling ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Abstract: Nicotine stomatitis could be found among heavy smokers. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between smoking habits and the incidence of lesions suspected as nicotine stomatitis among villagers of Ongkaw Dua. This was an analytical study with a cross sectional design. Population consisted of 183 smokers aged >15 years at Desa Ongkaw Dua and the subjects were 65 smokers. The chi-square showed a p-value of 0.592 for the relationship between the duration of smoking and the occurence of lesion supspected as nicotine stomatitis. Moreover, the chi-square showed a p-value of 0.005 for the relationship between the number of cigarettes consumed per day and the occurence of lesion suspected as nicotine stomatitis. In conclusion, there was no relationship between the duration of smoking and the occurence of lesion suspected as nicotine stomatitis, but there was a significant relationship between the number of cigarettes consumed per day and the occurence of lesion suspected as nicotine stomatitis.Keywords: smoking habit, nicotine stomatitis Abstrak: Stomatitis nikotina dapat dijumpai pada perokok berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dengan angka kejadian lesi yang diduga stomatitis nikotina pada masyarakat desa Ongkaw Dua. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Populasi penelitian ini yaitu 183 perokok berusia >15 tahun di Desa Ongkaw Dua dan yang menjadi subyek penelitian berjumlah 65 orang. Hasil uji chi-square terhadap hubungan lama merokok dengan angka kejadian lesi yang diduga stomatitis nikotina mendapatkan p=0,592. Hasil uji chi-square terhadap hubungan antara jumlah rokok yang dihisap setiap hari dengan angka kejadian lesi yang diduga stomatitis nikotina mendapatkan p=0,005. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah tidak terdapat hubungan antara lamanya merokok dengan angka kejadian lesi yang diduga stomatitis nikotina, tetapi terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jumlah rokok yang dihisap setiap hari dengan angka kejadian lesi yang diduga stomatitis nikotina.Kata kunci: kebiasaan merokok, stomatitis nikotina

scholarly journals Cognitive Abilities in the Wild: Population-scale game-based cognitive assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Kock Pedersen ◽  
Carlos Mauricio Castaño Díaz ◽  
Mario Alejandro Alba-Marrugo ◽  
Ali Amidi ◽  
Rajiv Vaid Basaiwmoit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
The Social ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Large Population Sample ◽  
Key Questions ◽  
Unique Dataset

Psychology and the social sciences are undergoing a revolution: It has become increasingly clear that traditional lab-based experiments fail to capture the full range of differences in cognitive abilities and behaviours across the general population. Some progress has been made toward devising measures that can be applied at scale across individuals and populations. What has been missing is a broad battery of validated tasks that can be easily deployed, used across different age ranges and social backgrounds, and employed in practical, clinical, and research contexts. Here, we present Skill Lab, a game-based approach allowing the efficient assessment of a suite of cognitive abilities. Skill Lab has been validated outside the lab in a crowdsourced population-size sample recruited in collaboration with the Danish Broadcast Company (Danmarks Radio, DR). Our game-based measures are five times faster to complete than the equivalent traditional measures and replicate previous findings on the decline of cognitive abilities with age in a large population sample. Furthermore, by combining the game data with an in-game survey, we demonstrate that this unique dataset has implication for key questions in social science, challenging the Jack-of-all-Trades theory of entrepreneurship and provide evidence for risk preference being independent of executive functioning.

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