scholarly journals REVIEW ON PRINCIPLES OF FOOD INTAKE IN INDIAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4783-4787
Author(s):  
Neetu 1 ◽  
Ashutosh 2 ◽  
Vyas P.P. ◽  
Harish Kumar Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Nutritional Elements ◽  
Other Substances

Under the term Nutrition, we think of nutrients and other substances of food that are responsible for main-taining the health, growth, and development of the body. So, it can be said that nutrition is the base of the body as well as life. The existence of human life depends upon nutritional food but the merely intake of nutritional food is not sufficient for proper growth and development. It is equally necessary to know that the nutritional elements required for the body are properly absorbed or not. In the present era, everyone wants to know only about nutritional supplements, but people are not much aware of the rules of food preparation, rules of proper intake, etc. Rules of proper food intake ensure the optimum benefits of the nutritional values of the food. Certain factors which influence the nutritional properties of food are de-scribed in Ayurvedic classical texts. This paper deals with the rules of proper food intake mentioned in Kashyap Samhita, Khilasthana, 5th chapter Bhojyopakramaniyadhyay i.e. Atisheeta, Atyushna, Atisnigdha, Ruksha, Atishushka food may cause diseases although these foods may be full of the nutritional substanc-es.

scholarly journals The Process of Bali Hindu Human Life (Theoretical Study of the Process and Meaning of the Manusa Yadya Ceremony for the Balinese Hindu Community)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Nengah Suastika
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spiritual Growth ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Balanced Growth ◽  
Spiritual Self ◽  
Hindu Community ◽  
Large Adult

The Balinese Hindu community interpret life as a process of transformation that must always be interpreted and treated. According to the beliefs of the Balinese Hindu community, the process of the life cycle to achieve the perfection of life must go through various stages of the procession of the ceremony (the ceremony of manusa yadnya). Life cycle ceremony processions carried out since the fetus is still in the womb, born, large, adult, old, even to death. It is believed that it is not only the body that needs nutritionally complete and balanced food in its growth and development. Spiritual must also be given spiritual food to build spiritual growth itself toward a healthy, strong and steady spirit. The life cycle ceremony process is a process of spiritual self cleansing to lead to physical and spiritual purity. In the Book of Manawa Dharmasastra the life cycle ceremony process is stated as samskara sarira. Sarira samkara means a ceremony to increase the sanctity of one's body through the process of yadnya (holy sacrifice) ceremony. To achieve this increase should be balanced growth between the body (sarira) physical and spiritual. Corresponding to that, then studying the ceremonial procession and the meaning of the ceremony procession of the Hindu Balinese human life cycle is something very urgent.

Growth and Development

Mind Shift ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 92-106
Author(s):  
John Parrington
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Brain Growth ◽  
Cellular Changes ◽  
Fertilized Egg

This chapter assesses the linked processes of brain growth and development. Each human life begins with the union of a sperm and an egg. Embryogenesis is the process by which the fertilized egg divides repeatedly to produce the 37 trillion cells that make up a person. But embryo development is about far more than just this dramatic increase in cell number. It also involves the formation of all the specialised cell types of the body, and their organization into tissues and organs. Initially, the embryo is just a ball of cells called a blastocyst. But then a dramatic transformation takes place called gastrulation, which is a key event in the formation of a human being. While these are the gross structural changes underlying brain development, equally important are the cellular changes. The development of the human brain occurs at such a rapid rate that a newborn baby’s brain has almost the same number of neurons as that of an adult. However, brain growth continues after birth due to the creation of new glial cells and connections between neurons.

Endocrine and Metabolic Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwarna Anand
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Keywords Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Keywords Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Systems ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Growth Development

The endocrine system and the nervous system work in synchrony to maintain homeostasis in the body. Growth, development, reproduction, blood pressure, concentrations of ions and other substances in blood, and even behavior are all regulated by the endocrine system. Endocrine physiology involves the secretion of hormones and their subsequent actions on target tissues. The present overview focuses on the endocrine physiology and the pathophysiologic states that influence the growth and development of an individual. This review contains 11 tables, and 27 references. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, thyroid, parathyroid hormone, hypoparathyroid, hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal gland, carbohydrate metabolism, protein, lipids

Growth, food intake and development in broiler cockerels raised to maturity

1985 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Prescott ◽  
C. M. Wathes ◽  
J. K. Kirkwood ◽  
G. C. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Absolute Growth

ABSTRACTThe food intake, growth and development of Ross broiler cockerels were recorded from 1 day old to maturity. At regular intervals, the body composition of these birds was determined and the eviscerated carcasses were chemically analysed. Allometric relationships of component weights and live weight were examined. Historical comparisons with fowl reared during the last 60 years did not reveal any significant changes in the pattern of development, despite faster absolute growth rates and heavier mature weights.

scholarly journals The Roles of Neuropeptide Y (Npy) and Peptide YY (Pyy) in Teleost Food Intake: A Mini Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Daniel Assan ◽  
Umar Farouk Mustapha ◽  
Huapu Chen ◽  
Zhiyuan Li ◽  
Yuhao Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heart Activity ◽  
Orexigenic Peptide ◽  
Y Family

Neuropeptide Y family (NPY) is a potent orexigenic peptide and pancreatic polypeptide family comprising neuropeptide Y (Npy), peptide YYa (Pyya), and peptide YYb (Pyyb), which was previously known as peptide Y (PY), and tetrapod pancreatic polypeptide (PP), but has not been exhaustively documented in fish. Nonetheless, Npy and Pyy to date have been the key focus of countless research studies categorizing their copious characteristics in the body, which, among other things, include the mechanism of feeding behavior, cortical neural activity, heart activity, and the regulation of emotions in teleost. In this review, we focused on the role of neuropeptide Y gene (Npy) and peptide YY gene (Pyy) in teleost food intake. Feeding is essential in fish to ensure growth and perpetuation, being indispensable in the aquaculture settings where growth is prioritized. Therefore, a better understanding of the roles of these genes in food intake in teleost could help determine their feeding regime, regulation, growth, and development, which will possibly be fundamental in fish culture.

Dietary interventions in mild cognitive impairment and dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
Nutritional Elements

Dietary intervention is an enticing approach in the fight against cognitive impairment. Nutritional supplements and dietetic counseling are relatively easy and benign interventions, but research has not yet yielded irrefutable evidence as to their clinical utility. Heterogeneity in the results of available clinical studies, as well as methodological and practical issues, does not allow replication and generalization of findings. The paper at hand reviews only randomized clinical trials of single nutrients, multi-nutrient formulations and dietary counseling in mild cognitive impairment and dementia of the Alzheimer's type focusing on both cognitive and functional outcomes. Thus far, folate, vitamin E, Ω-3 fatty acids, and certain multi-nutrient formulations have shown some preliminary promising results; larger, well-designed trials are needed to confirm these findings before nutritional elements can be incorporated in recommended clinical guidelines.

Chronic Hypoxia as a Potential Factor in Human Life-threatening Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3759-3762
Author(s):  
Sandhya MNVS ◽  
Vanitha K ◽  
Ramesh A
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Otto Warburg ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Cancerous Cell

The review article focuses on the importance of adequate oxygen levels in the body as cure and therapy for many ailments. It is known that hypoxia is the cause for cellular damage and if it can be applied to major patho-physiology’s, it can be observed that slow and chronic hypoxic conditions are the cause for most of the diseases. On the contrary, providing each cell of the body with proper oxygen may be helpful in maintaining the immunity of the body and therefore treating many disease conditions. This theory, if tested may show positive results in heart related diseases, neuronal disorders, stresses, digestive disorders and the unresolved cancer too. Slow decrease in the levels of atmospheric oxygen could be a reason to induce chronic hypoxia. According to Dr. Otto Warburg, a Noble laurate, a normal cell when deprived of oxygen, may get converted to a cancerous cell, whereas a cancerous cell cannot survive in aerobic conditions. If this part of his research be concentrated on, there could be fruitful results in the treatment of cancer. To maintain adequate levels of oxygen in the body, simple yogic breathing practices are helpful. And to maintain the adequate atmospheric oxygen, trees and plants which cleanse the atmospheric air are useful. Clinical surveys on volunteers who have been practicing regular breathing exercises can prove the fact that proper and concentrated respiration could prevent many diseases. Thus, supplementing breathing exercises along with the regular treatment for cancer patients could be helpful in alleviating cancer and other diseases.

Melatonin Modulates Lactation by Regulating Prolactin Secretion Via Tuberoinfundibular Dopaminergic Neurons in the Hypothalamus- Pituitary System

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 744-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Li ◽  
JingyaWei ◽  
Fengtao Ma ◽  
Qiang Shan ◽  
Duo Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stimulation Of

In-depth studies have identified many hormones important for controlling mammary growth and maintaining lactation. One of these is melatonin, which is synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland to regulate circadian rhythms, improve antioxidant capacity, and enhance immunity. Prolactin is secreted by the pituitary gland and is associated with the growth and development of mammary glands as well as initiation and maintenance of lactation. The hypothalamus-pituitary system, the most important endocrine system in the body, regulates prolactin secretion mainly through dopamine released from tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons. This review provides a reference for further study and describes the regulation of lactation and prolactin secretion by melatonin, primarily via the protection and stimulation of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons.

Roux-en-Y Gastrointestinal Bypass Promotes Activation of TGR5 and Peptide YY

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1267
Author(s):  
Haojun Yang ◽  
Hanyang Liu ◽  
YuWen Jiao ◽  
Jun Qian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bypass ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Background: G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) is involved in a number of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the role of TGR5 after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP). Methods: Wild type and TGR5 knockout mice (tgr5-/-) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish the obesity model. GBP was performed. The changes in body weight and food intake were measured. The levels of TGR5 and peptide YY (PYY) were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Moreover, the L-cells were separated from wild type and tgr5-/- mice. The levels of PYY in L-cells were evaluated by ELISA. Results: The body weights were significantly decreased after GBP in wild type mice (p<0.05), but not tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). Food intake was reduced after GBP in wild type mice, but also not significantly affected in tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). The levels of PYY were significantly increased after GBP compared with the sham group (p<0.05); however, in tgr5-/- mice the expression of PYY was not significantly affected (p>0.05). After INT-777 stimulation in L-cells obtained from murine intestines, the levels of PYY were significantly increased in L-cells tgr5+/+ (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that GBP up-regulated the expression of TGR5 in murine intestines, and increased the levels of PYY, which further reduced food intake and decreased the body weight.

Anti-Diabetic and Angio-Protective Effect of Guluronic Acid (G2013) as a New Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug in the Experimental Model of Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-452
Author(s):  
Seyed S. Mortazavi-Jahromi ◽  
Shahab Alizadeh ◽  
Mohammad H. Javanbakht ◽  
Abbas Mirshafiey
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Guluronic Acid

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of guluronic acid (G2013) on blood sugar, insulin, and gene expression profile of oxLDL receptors (SR-A, CD36, LOX-1, and CD68) in the experimental model of diabetes. Methods: 18 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups of healthy control, diabetic control, and G2013 group. Diabetes was induced through intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. The subjects were IP treated with 25 mg/kg of G2013 per day for 28 days. The body weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose and insulin were measured. In addition, the expression of mentioned genes was investigated through quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The data showed that the final weight increased significantly in the G2013-treated subjects compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05). The results indicated that final food intake significantly reduced in the G2013-treated subjects compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05). The study findings also suggested that the final fasting blood glucose significantly reduced in the G2013-treated group, whereas the final fasting serum insulin level significantly increased in this group compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05). Moreover, the gene expression levels of SR-A, CD36, LOX-1, and CD68 in the G2013 group significantly reduced compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that G2013, could reduce blood glucose and increase insulin levels and reduce the gene expression level of oxLDL receptors. In addition, it may probably play an important role in reducing the severity of diabetes-induced inflammatory symptoms.

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