scholarly journals Formulation and Evaluation of Gel Based Herbal Hand Wash Using Extracts of Argemone Mexicana

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Priyanka V. Bagade ◽  
Nikita D. Gidde ◽  
Sohel I. Nadaf ◽  
Priyanka V. Desai ◽  
Mayuri S. Lokhande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Foam Height ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Argemone Mexicana ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Hand Wash ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The primary purpose of developing an herbal hand wash with a gel basis is to promote "personal hygiene." Hand hygiene is a requirement and one of the most critical processes in the preparation of meals, food service, and house and other day care facilities. On the market, antibacterial hand wash is composed of alcohol-based cleaning products, which have a number of disadvantages. An effort was made to develop a gel-based herbal hand wash utilising Argemone Mexicana extracts to avoid the adverse effects of synthetic hand wash preparations such as itching, dryness, irritation, and dermatitis. The antibacterial activity of the prepared gel hand wash toward E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa was determined using the Agar plate diffusion technique. Physical and chemical characteristics such as pH, Viscosity, Foam height, Foam retention, Anti-Microbial Activity, Skin irritation assessment, and other parameters were used to evaluate herbal hand wash, and the results were found to be within normal ranges with minimum to no adverse effects.

Development and Standardization of Neem and Aloe Vera based Herbal hand wash using Low Cost Indigenous Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 4137-4142
Author(s):  
Aziz Mohammad Khan ◽  
Pramod K. Raghav
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Foam Height ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Hand Wash ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
Skin Irritation Test ◽  
Spreading Potential

Hand-washing is an important practice for healthcare in home and daily life preparations. Herbal based hand wash preparations are the most promising hand wash with natural antimicrobial effect. The present study was aimed to development and standardization of herbal hand wash with natural ingredients. In this study, two types of herbal hand wash were formulated with Neem and Aloe vera methanol extract. The herbal hand-wash A and herbal hand wash B, containing plant extract and other natural herbal ingredients in different compositions of ingredients. Herbal hand wash formulations were further evaluated for some parameters such as odor, color, pH, viscosity, foam height, foam retention and spreading potential. The quality of hand wash formulation was evaluated by skin irritation test, greasiness grittiness and homogeneity. The results indicated that all the developed formulations of hand wash A and B were in acceptable limits. The results of present study proved that the effective herbal hand wash were developed successfully by incorporating the herbal extracts using low cost indigenous technologies for better effect.

scholarly journals Assessment of General Toxicity of the Glycyrrhiza New Variety Extract in Rats

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1126
Author(s):  
Dong-Gu Kim ◽  
Jeonghoon Lee ◽  
Wonnam Kim ◽  
Hyo-Jin An ◽  
Jong-Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
New Variety ◽  
General Toxicity ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Tract Infections

The Glycyrrhiza radix (Licorice) is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants in Asian countries, such as China, India, and Korea. It has been traditionally used to treat many diseases, including cough, cold, asthma, fatigue, gastritis, and respiratory tract infections. A Glycyrrhiza new variety, Wongam (WG), has been developed by the Korea Rural Development Administration and revealed pharmacological effects. However, the potential adverse effects of WG have not been revealed yet. This study evaluates the general toxicity of the WG extract through a single and repeated oral dose toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. After single oral dose administration, no significant toxicological changes or mortality was observed up to 5000 mg/kg. Over a 4-week repeated oral dose toxicity study, no adverse effects and target organs were observed up to 5000 mg/kg/day. Over a 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity study, no mortality or toxicological changes involving ophthalmology, water consumption, or hematology were observed up to 5000 mg/kg/day. Although other parameters were changed, the alterations in question were not considered toxicologically significant, since responses remained within normal ranges and were not dose-dependent. In conclusion, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of WG was higher than 5000 mg/kg/day, and no target organs were identified in rats.

scholarly journals Microfluidics-based Bioassays and Imaging of Plant Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Yanagisawa ◽  
Elena Kozgunova ◽  
Guido Grossmann ◽  
Anja Geitmann ◽  
Tetsuya Higashiyama
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Surrounding Matrix ◽  
Sense And Respond ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Microfabrication Techniques

Abstract Many plant processes occur in the context of and in interaction with a surrounding matrix such as soil (e.g. root growth and root–microbe interactions) or surrounding tissues (e.g. pollen tube growth through the pistil), making it difficult to study them with high-resolution optical microscopy. Over the past decade, microfabrication techniques have been developed to produce experimental systems that allow researchers to examine cell behavior in microstructured environments that mimic geometrical, physical and/or chemical aspects of the natural growth matrices and that cannot be generated using traditional agar plate assays. These microfabricated environments offer considerable design flexibility as well as the transparency required for high-resolution, light-based microscopy. In addition, microfluidic platforms have been used for various types of bioassays, including cellular force assays, chemoattraction assays, and electrotropism assays. Here, we review the recent use of microfluidic devices to study plant cells and organs, including plant roots, root hairs, moss protonemata, and pollen tubes. The increasing adoption of microfabrication techniques by the plant science community may transform our approaches to investigating how individual plant cells sense and respond to changes in the physical and chemical environment.

scholarly journals A rational pharmacotherapeutic study of comparative safety among topical anti-acne 1% nadifloxacin monotherapy, 0.1% adapalene monotherapy, 0.025% tretinoin monotherapy, 1% nadifloxacin and 0.1% adapalene combination therapy and 1% nadifloxacin and 0.025% tretinoin combination therapy, in mild to moderate acne vulgaris, in tertiary care hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1959
Author(s):  
Moumita Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Global Alliance ◽  
Topoisomerase Iv ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Topical adapalene and tretinoin, are comedolytic, anti-comedogenic and anti-inflammatory, on RAR (α, β, γ) receptors binding. Adapalene enables quicker follicular penetration, by lesser anti-AP-1 (c-Jun, c-Fos) and no CRBPII mRNA actions, causing chemical stability, lipophilicity and less photo-lability, producing lesser photosensitivity and no skin irritation, unlike tretinoin; wherein reducible by overnight application and combination therapy, slow-release polymers or emollients, respectively. Topical nadifloxacin is bactericidal, anti-inflammatory and comedolytic, with inhibitory effect on DNA gyrase, DNA topoisomerase IV and IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8. The Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne Guidelines recommend synergistic and additive combination therapies, which enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects. Due to inadequacy of data, this study was conducted, to compare the safety among topical anti-acne monotherapies and combination therapies, and to easily detect any adverse effect producing component in the topical combination therapy.Methods: In this multi-centre, prospective, randomised, open-labelled, comparative study, groups A, B, C, D and E (20 patients each), applied topical 1% nadifloxacin monotherapy, 0.1% adapalene monotherapy, 0.025% tretinoin monotherapy, 1% nadifloxacin and 0.1% adapalene combination therapy and 1% nadifloxacin and 0.025% tretinoin combination therapy, respectively, over their facial mild to moderate acne lesions, once daily overnight; and adverse effects, like erythema, scaling, dryness, prutitus, burning, or stinging, were assessed on 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 days and follow-ups, by Local Irritation Scale.Results: In all 5 groups, no adverse effects were observed, with no statistically significant difference among the observations.Conclusions: The therapies were well tolerated and safe among all 5 groups.

scholarly journals Knowledge regarding adverse effects of selected cosmetic products among higher secondary level girl students, Chitwan

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
R Shrestha ◽  
J Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Nail Polish ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Girl Students

Cosmetics are substances used to enhance the appearance or odour of the human body. The age that females begin wearing makeup gets younger and younger with every new generation. A descriptive study design was used to find out knowledge regarding adverse effects of selected cosmetic products among higher secondary level girl students. A total 70 female students of Maiya Devi Girls’ College, Bharatpur-10, Chitwan, 34 students of grade 11 and 36 students of grade 12 were selected by using probability simple random sampling lottery method. The result revealed that out of 70 respondents, 30% were of age 17 years, 51.4% were studying in grade 12. 34.3% respondents’ had experienced adverse effects from using cosmetic products, 50% had experienced acne, almost all respondent’s 98.6% got information of cosmetic products from television. Majority 82.9% of the respondents answered that cosmetic products are the substance use to enhance the appearance of body. Cent percent respondents’ had knowledge that lipstick cause lip cancer, 88.6% had knowledge that kajal cause dry eye syndrome, 97.1% had knowledge that skin lightening cream and sunscreen cause skin cancer and perfumes cause skin irritation, 87.1% had knowledge that mascara cause eye irritation, and 98.6% had knowledge that nail polish cause cancer and reading expiry and manufacture date can prevent the occurrence of adverse effects. Majority 72.9% of respondents had average level of knowledge, 17.1% had low level of knowledge and 10.0% had high level of knowledge. Statistically there was significant association between level of knowledge of the respondents’ regarding adverse effects of selected cosmetic products and grade of respondents (p = 0.044). 

scholarly journals Aspects of Diode Laser (805 nm) Hair Removal Safety in a Mixed-Race Group of Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Załęska ◽  
Magdalena Atta-Motte
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Hair Removal ◽  
Laser Hair Removal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Treatment Settings

Introduction: Laser hair removal (LHR) has become one of the most popular treatments in aesthetics. Side effects are an inevitable part of laser therapy, therefore managing them is crucial for every laser practitioner to ensure patients’ safety along with achieving the best results. The available references describe the effectiveness of the diode LHR for all skin types according to the Fitzpatrick scale, but the question of patient safety and minimization of side effects and postoperative complications in mixed-race patients remains unanswered. This study aims to illustrate aspects of specific side effects in patients of mixed ethnicity and the impact of those effects on the results of the treatment. Methods: The study was conducted in Poland and the United Kingdom on 216 patients of various ethnic backgrounds. This study analyses the frequency of side effects in a mixed-race group of 32 participants, taking into account their skin type according to the Fitzpatrick scale. The patients received a course of 6 treatments using diode laser 805 nm. An objective and a subjective method were used to analyse treatment results and side effects, with adverse effects documented, if observed. Treatment settings were adjusted to skin reaction during the patch test. Results: Objective analysis was different from the subjective analysis of the treatment’s effectiveness. No adverse effects were observed. Side effects such as hyperpigmentation, skin irritation, skin burns, and skin hypersensitivity were found. Conclusion: 805 nm diode laser is effective and efficient at hair removal in mixed-race patients. It is a safe treatment in terms of skin reaction as only short-term side effects were observed in the treated area and no adverse effects were noted. To achieve the best results and to avoid adverse effects it is necessary to adjust treatment settings according to the individual patient’s skin reaction.

scholarly journals Nanomaterial Lipid-Based Carrier for Non-Invasive Capsaicin Delivery; Manufacturing Scale-Up and Human Irritation Assessment

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5575
Author(s):  
Phunsuk Anantaworasakul ◽  
Songyot Anuchapreeda ◽  
Songwut Yotsawimonwat ◽  
Ornchuma Naksuriya ◽  
Suree Lekawanvijit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Chili Peppers ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Capsaicin is an active compound in chili peppers (Capsicum chinense) that has been approved for chronic pain treatment. The topical application of high-strength capsaicin has been proven to reduce pain; however, skin irritation is a major drawback. The aim of this study was to investigate an appropriate and scalable technique for preparing nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) containing 0.25% capsaicin from capsicum oleoresin (NLC_C) and to evaluate the irritation of human skin by chili-extract-loaded NLCs incorporated in a gel formulation (Gel NLC_C). High-shear homogenization with high intensity (10,000 rpm) was selected to create uniform nanoparticles with a size range from 106 to 156 nm. Both the NLC_C and Gel NLC_C formulations expressed greater physical and chemical stabilities than the free chili formulation. Release and porcine biopsy studies revealed the sustained drug release and significant permeation of the NLCs through the outer skin layer, distributing in the dermis better than the free compounds. Finally, the alleviation of irritation and the decrease in uncomfortable feelings following the application of the Gel NLC_C formulation were compared to the effects from a chili gel and a commercial product in thirty healthy volunteers. The chili-extract-loaded NLCs were shown to be applicable for the transdermal delivery of capsaicin whilst minimizing skin irritation, the major noncompliance cause of patients.

Implementation of Behavior-Based Training Can Improve Food Service Employees’ Handwashing Frequencies, Duration, and Effectiveness

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heyao Yu ◽  
Jay Neal ◽  
Mary Dawson ◽  
Juan M. Madera
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Training Approach ◽  
Food Safety Training ◽  
Behavior Based

Personal hygiene is a significant risk factor that contributes to foodborne illness. Appropriate handwashing behaviors can significantly reduce this risk; however, knowledge-based training alone may be insufficient to prompt preventive food safety practices. An improved, more effective food safety training approach that can directly influence employees’ behavior is strongly recommended. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of behavior-based food safety training on improving food handlers’ handwashing practices and frequency. Four of the nine critical behaviors that help effectively prevent the spread of pathogens and control food safety hazards were identified as target behaviors, and handwashing frequencies and durations were also included as measures of handwashing performance. A four-phase within-group experimental study with a behavioral motivation intervention was conducted. Employees’ handwashing behaviors were videotaped and coded by researchers. Results indicated that knowledge-based training alone failed to improve employees’ handwashing performance, especially when employees had multiple work tasks simultaneously during the busy meal service time. In comparison, the behavior-based training approach was effective in improving employees’ handwashing performance and frequency. More specifically, proper rates of all the critical behaviors measured were significantly increased during the motivational phase.

Preventing and Controlling Foodborne Disease in Commercial and Institutional Food Service Settings: A Systematic Review of Published Intervention Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
CATHERINE VIATOR ◽  
JONATHAN BLITSTEIN ◽  
JENNA E. BROPHY ◽  
ANGELA FRASER
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Safety Interventions ◽  
And Behavior

This study reviews the current literature on behavioral and environmental food safety interventions conducted in commercial and institutional food service settings. A systematic search of the published literature yielded 268 candidate articles, from which a set of 23 articles reporting intervention outcomes was retained for evaluation. A categorization of measured outcomes is reported; studies addressed multiple outcomes ranging from knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of personal hygiene and food safety to management practices and disease rates and outbreaks. This study also investigates the quality of reported research methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions, using a nine-point quality index adapted by the authors. The observed scores suggest that there are opportunities to improve the design and reporting of research in the field of foodborne disease prevention as it applies to food safety interventions that target the food service industry. The aim is to aid researchers in this area to design higher quality studies and to produce clearer and more useful reports of their research. In turn, this can help to create a more complete evidence base that can be used to continually improve interventions in this domain.

The Limnology and Fishes of Oligotrophic Glacial Lakes in North America (about 1800 A.D.)

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Ryder
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
General Description ◽  
Glacial History ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The general limnology and fish composition of 14 North American oligotrophic lakes is described as it likely was about the year 1800, prior to the adverse effects of man-made eutrophication, exploitation, and introductions of exotic species. The general description includes glacial history and geomorphology, climate and growing season, morphometry of the lake basins, physical and chemical characteristics, macroinvertebrates, and zooplankton. Fish populations are described with respect to their zoogeographic origins and the species composition of each lake. The relative degree of environmental change brought about by the activities of man in each lake is summarized.

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