scholarly journals Effects of organic zinc on the performance and gut integrity of broilers under heat stress conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Mohannad Abuajamieh ◽  
Anas Abdelqader ◽  
Rabie Irshaid ◽  
Firas M. F. Hayajneh ◽  
Ja'far M. Al-Khaza'leh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Organic Zinc ◽  
Organic Source

Abstract. Heat stress (HS) has negative impacts on farm animals. Many studies have been conducted in order to ameliorate the effects of heat stress in farm animals. The current project investigated the effects of organic zinc supplementation under thermoneutral and heat stress conditions on the production, physiological, and histological parameters in broiler chickens. Three-hundred and sixty chicks in the current project were assigned randomly to six different treatments (n=60 chicks per treatment). The treatments were (1) a basal diet containing 40 mg kg−1 of Zn from an organic source and rearing under thermoneutral (TN) conditions (Ctrl); (2) a diet containing the amount of Zn from the basal diet +50 % of the Zn level (from the basal diet) and rearing under TN conditions (50 TN); (3) a diet containing the amount of Zn from the basal diet +100 % of the Zn level (from the basal diet) and rearing under TN conditions (100 TN); (4) a basal diet containing 40 mg kg−1 of Zn from an organic source and exposure to 3 d of cyclical HS at the age of 35 d (CHS); (5) a diet containing the amount of Zn from the basal diet +50 % of the Zn level (from the basal diet) and exposure to 3 d of cyclical HS at the age of 35 d (50 HS); and (6) a diet containing the amount of Zn from the basal diet +100 % of the Zn level (from the basal diet) and exposure to 3 d of cyclical HS at the age of 35 d (100 HS). Our results indicated that HS has decreased final body weight (fBW), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) relative to TN chicks. However, organic zinc had little or no effects on the production parameters measures in the current project. Overall, intestinal histological measurements were negatively altered under HS relative to TN chicks. Organic zinc inclusion in the diet had improved villus height in the duodenum and jejunum relative to the Ctrl and CHS chicks. Blood calcium and glucose levels were decreased and increased, respectively, in HS relative to TN chicks. In summary, the results discussed in the current project revealed that the inclusion rates of organic zinc used here had little or no effects on the productive parameters. However, it improved the morphological characteristics of the intestines which might maximized the intestinal efficiency in nutrient absorption under HS conditions.

scholarly journals 139 Bioavailability of valine in a fermentation biomass product relative to the bioavailability in crystalline L-valine when fed to weanling pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Maryane S Faria de Oliveira ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Caroline J González-Vega ◽  
John E Thomson ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Val from a Val-containing fermentation biomass product (Val-FB; 64.4% L-Val) has a bioavailability of 100% relative to L-Val (98% Val) when fed to weanling pigs. A Val-deficient basal diet containing 0.63% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val was formulated. Six additional diets were prepared by supplementing the basal diet with 0.08, 0.16, or 0.24% L-Val or 0.12, 0.25, or 0.37% Val-FB to create experimental diets containing 0.71, 0.79, or 0.87% SID Val. A total of 224 weanling pigs (6.87 ± 0.64 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with 7 diets and 8 replicate pens per diet. Diets were fed for 21 d and growth performance was measured on a pen basis. Orthogonal-polynomial contrasts were used to determine linear and quadratic effects of L-Val and Val-FB levels on performance and the effect of Val sources. A linear regression model based on performance was used to estimate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of Val in Val-FB relative to L-Val. The final body-weight (BW) and average-daily-gain (ADG) were greater (P < 0.01) for pigs fed diets supplemented with Val-FB than pigs fed diets supplemented with L-Val (Table 1). The average-daily-feed-intake (ADFI) decreased linearly (P < 0.01), whereas gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) increased (P < 0.01) by supplementing graded levels of both Val sources to the diets. The RBV of Val in Val-FB as determined by ADG, G:F, and final BW was 146, 135, and 143%, respectively, with 95% confidence intervals of 99 to 191%, 83 to 187%, and 70 to 217%, respectively. In conclusion, the linear regression estimated a RBV of at least 100% for Val-FB relative to L-Val, and pigs fed diets supplemented with Val-FB had greater ADG and final BW than pigs fed diets supplemented with the same amount of L-Val.

Grape seed extract and chromium nicotinate reduce impacts of heat stress in Simmental × Qinchuan steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1868
Author(s):  
Huiyuan Chen ◽  
Jifu Zhen ◽  
Zhaoliang Wu ◽  
Xiaomin Li ◽  
Shimin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Grape Seed Extract ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Chromium Nicotinate

To assess the impacts of grape seed extract (GSE) fed with or without chromium nicotinate (CN) on beef steers under heat stress conditions, 40 Simmental × Qinchuan steers (400 ± 10 days old; 410 ± 8.0 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four diets (n = 10 per group): basal diet (CON group); basal diet + 33 mg/day CN (CN group); basal diet + 65 mg/kg DM GSE (GSE group); and basal diet + 33 mg/day CN + 65 mg/kg DM GSE (CN + GSE group). This study was conducted in summer and the steers were housed in outdoor shaded pens (10 steers/pen) and fed individually. The experiment lasted for 35 days, the first 7 days for diet and housing condition adaptation. The amount of feed intake was recorded daily; individual bodyweight was recorded on Days 8, 22, and 36. On Day 36 before feeding, six steers per group were slaughtered for collection of blood and tissue samples. Average daily liveweight gain and dry matter intake of steers were increased by the GSE, CN, and CN + GSE treatments (P &lt; 0.05). Dietary treatments increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase in plasma (P &lt; 0.05) and plasma concentration of interleukin 10 on Days 22 and 36 (P &lt; 0.05), whereas decreased plasma concentration of tumour necrosis factor-α on Day 22 (P &lt; 0.05). Overall, supplementation of GSE alone or with CN had positive effects on the growth performance of steers under heat stress conditions.

scholarly journals Dietary supplementation of dried plum: a novel strategy to mitigate heat stress in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Wasti ◽  
Nirvay Sah ◽  
Amit K. Singh ◽  
Chin N. Lee ◽  
Rajesh Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Final Body Weight

Abstract Background Heat stress is a significant problem in the poultry industry, causing a severe economic loss due to its detrimental effects on chickens’ health and performance. Dried plum (DP) is a good source of minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, and phenolic compounds. Studies have suggested that DP has several health benefits, such as maintaining the body’s redox system, immune status, and calcium hemostasis. Based on the health benefits of DP, we hypothesized that the dietary supplementation of DP would alleviate the detrimental effects of heat stress on broiler chickens. Results To test the hypothesis, day-old broiler chicks (n = 72) were randomly allocated to three treatment groups (n = 24/group): no heat stress (NHS), heat stress (HS), and heat stress with dried plum (HS + DP), and reared under standard conditions. The inclusion of 2.5% DP in the feed of the HS + DP group was made during the treatment period, while birds in other groups were provided with a standard finisher diet. After 21 days, birds in the HS and HS + DP groups were exposed to cyclic heat stress conditions (33 °C for 8 h during daytime) for 3 weeks, while those in the NHS group were reared under normal conditions (22–24 °C). Weekly body weight and feed intake were recorded to calculate the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Heat stress significantly decreased the final body weight, ADG, ADFI, and increased FCR compared to the NHS group, whereas dietary supplementation of DP significantly improved these growth performance parameters compared to the HS group. Furthermore, supplementation of DP significantly increased the expression of heat shock protein-related genes (HSF1, HSF3, HSP70, and HSP90), antioxidant-related genes (SOD1, SOD2, GPX1, GPX3, PRDX1, and TXN), tight junction-related genes (CLDN1, and OCLN), and immune-related genes (IL4, MUC2) in the ileum as compared to the HS group. The microbiota analysis showed significant enrichment of Bacillales, Christensenellaceae, Bacillaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Anaerotruncus in heat-stressed birds supplemented with DP as compared to the HS group. Further, DP supplementation also significantly increased the concentration of acetate, propionate, and total VFA in the cecal digesta of the HS + DP group as compared to the HS group. Conclusion These findings suggest that DP supplementation effectively improved the growth performances and gut health parameters in the heat-stressed birds. Thus, dried plum can be a potential feed supplement to mitigate heat stress in broiler chickens.

PSX-A-15 Late-Breaking: Use of a rumen-protected fatty acid supplement on growth performance in feedlot heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 365-366
Author(s):  
Juan P Russi ◽  
Alejandro E Relling
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Acid Supplement ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplement

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the of use different doses of a rumen protected fatty acid supplement in feedlot heifers. Seventy-two (cross bread) heifers were blocked by body weight and animals within each block were randomly allotted to a pen. Each pen had 4 heifers, and there were 6 pens per treatment. All animals were fed a basal diet of 14% corn silage, 73% dry rolled corn, 10% cracked soybeans, 1% urea, and 2% mineral vitamin mix for 83 days. Each treatment received different dose of a rumen-protected fatty acid supplement (RPFA), which contained 40% flaxseed oil, 55% treated soy lecithin, and 5% dextrose; processed using the procedure described in the patent (pending: US 2020/0197346 A1). Treatments were T1: 125 g RPFA; T2: 250 g of RPFA, and T3: 375 g of RPFA. Treatments were daily top dressed. Heifers were weighted on days 0, 50, and 83. Longissimus dorsi muscle (LMA) and back fat (BF) at the 13 rib were measured using ultrasound day 0 and 83, before the animals were sent to slaughter. Dry matter offered per day and refusal collected twice a week were used to estimate dry matter intake (DMI). Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design, with treatment as a fixed variable and block as a random variable. Means were separated using a polynomial contrast. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.16; Table 1) on final body weight, average daily gain (ADG), DMI, gain to DMI ratio, or dressing percentage. There where quadratic tendencies (P ≤ 0.1; Table 1) for hot carcass weight (HCW), LMA, and BF. Based in the results from the current experiment, feeding 100 g of flaxseed oil (250 g of RPFA) improves HCW and LMA but also BF, without affecting growth and DMI.

scholarly journals Effect of supplementing phytase on piglet performance, nutrient digestibility and bone mineralisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
C. De Cuyper ◽  
L. Nollet ◽  
M. Aluwé ◽  
J. De Boever ◽  
L. Douidah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Metacarpal Bone ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Bone Mineralisation

Incremental levels of the phytase, OptiPhos® Plus, were fed to 150 weaned piglets (five treatments of 30 pigs) to determine the effect on piglet performance, nutrient digestibility and bone mineralisation. Piglets were fed a basal diet from four to six weeks and a pre-starter diet from six to ten weeks of age. The basal diets contained reduced digestible phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) (1.5 g/kg digestible P, and Ca 5.5 g/kg and 5.6 g/kg for weaner and pre-starter, respectively) to provide a negative control. Phytase was added at 0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 phytase units (FTU)/kg feed. Faecal samples were collected at nine weeks of age and analysed for P, Ca and crude protein (CP) content to calculated digestibility. Metacarpal bone IV mineralisation was assessed by ash content and the weight and length of the bone. Incremental increases of phytase improved final body weight (BW) (P<0.001), average daily gain (ADG) (P<0.001) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P<0.01). The statistical model predicted a linear increase for daily feed intake (DFI), ADG and BW with increased phytase increments. BW at the end of the trial increased by 824 g per increase of 250 FTU/kg (P<0.001). ADG and DFI increased by 19 g/day (P<0.001) and 18 g/day (P<0.05) respectively, per increase of 250 FTU/kg. As the effect on ADG and final BW was higher at lowest doses, a quadratic effect for these parameters was observed, within the measured range of phytase levels (P=0.029 and 0.028, respectively). A reduction of 0.03 in FCR was observed for each 250 FTU/kg increase (P<0.01). For each increase in 250 FTU/kg, bone dry weight increased by 131 g (P<0.05) and bone ash concentration by 1.9% of fat free dry matter (P<0.001). The results showed that the addition of phytase to piglet diets low in P led to better utilisation of phytate-P and consequently better piglet performance.

scholarly journals Symptoms of Heat Stress in Tropical and Subtropical Regions on Farm Animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alsaied Alnaimy Mostafa Habeeb
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The thermal relief regions for maximum animals are ranged 4 °C and 25 °C. In tropical and subtropical countries ambient temperature surpasses 25° C and animals undergo high environmental temperatures. Most physiological and biochemical variations in animals could take place to care for essential cell functions in contradiction of stressful conditions and to certification a fast retrieval from modest hypothermic destruction. Animal performance is reduced due to extreme variations in biological purposes affected by heat-stress conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of oral spray with Lactobacillus on growth performance, intestinal development and microflora population of ducklings

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-464
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yuchen Jie ◽  
Chuli Zhou ◽  
Leyun Wang ◽  
Liang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
E Coli

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of oral spray with probiotics on the intestinal development and microflora colonization of hatched ducklings.Methods: In Exp. 1, an one-way factorial design was used to study the antibacterial activity of the probiotics and metabolites on Escherichia coli (E. coli) without antimicrobial resistance. There were four experimental groups including saline as control and Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, combined Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis groups. In Exp. 2, 64-day-old ducklings were allotted to 2 treatments with 4 replicated pens. Birds in the control group were fed a basal diet supplemented with Lactobacillus fermentation in the feed whereas birds in the oral spray group were fed the basal diet and administrated Lactobacillus fermentation by oral spray way during the first week.Results: In Exp. 1, the antibacterial activities of probiotics and metabolites on E. coli were determined by the diameter of inhibition zone in order: Lactobacillus>combined Lactobacillusand Bacillus subtilis>Bacillus subtilis. Additionally, compared to E. coli without resistance, E. coli with resistance showed a smaller diameter of inhibition zones. In Exp. 2, compared to control feeding group, oral spray group increased (p<0.05) the final body weight at d 21 and average daily gain for d 1-21 and the absolute weight of the jejunum, ileum and total intestine tract as well as cecum Lactobacillus amount at d 21.Conclusion: Lactobacillus exhibited a lower antibacterial activity on E. coli with resistance than E. coli without resistance. Oral spray with Lactobacillus fermentation during the first week of could improve the intestinal development, morphological structure, and microbial balance to promote growth performance of ducklings from hatch to 21 d of age.

scholarly journals Methionine supplementation improves reproductive performance, antioxidant status, immunity and maternal antibody transmission in breeder Japanese quail under heat stress conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Kalvandi ◽  
Amirali Sadeghi ◽  
Ahmad Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Serum Igg

Abstract. This study was conducted to determine the effects of methionine (Met) supplementation on productive and reproductive performance, immune response and antioxidant status in breeder quails reared under heat stress (HS). A total of 125 breeder quails were divided into five groups. One group was kept in an environmentally controlled room at 22 ∘C and considered as thermoneutral, and four groups were kept at 34 ∘C and fed a basal diet (heat stressed) or a basal diet with Met concentrations 1.15, 1.30 and 1.45 times the quail requirements per NRC (1994) recommendations. HS decreased egg production in birds fed the basal diet (P < 0.05). Higher feed intake (P < 0.05), egg production (P < 0.05), improved feed efficiency (P < 0.05) and Haugh unit and hatchability variables (P < 0.05) occurred in Met supplemented groups. Birds receiving Met under HS had higher maternal serum IgG, egg yolk IgY and offspring serum IgG (mg mL−1). Quails receiving the Met supplementation diets exhibited higher (P < 0.05) plasma levels and liver activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase as well as lower (P < 0.05) plasma and liver levels of malondialdehyde compared to the HS group fed the basal diet. All breeder quails receiving the Met supplement had lower (P < 0.05) heterophil and H∕L ratios as well as higher (P < 0.05) lymphocytes than quails fed the basal diet under the same stress conditions. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation with Met could improve the performance, immunity and antioxidant status of quails by reducing the negative effects of HS.

Effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of ewe lambs during heat-stress conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 983 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Macías-Cruz ◽  
F. D. Álvarez-Valenzuela ◽  
N. G. Torrentera-Olivera ◽  
J. V. Velázquez-Morales ◽  
A. Correa-Calderón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Zilpaterol Hydrochloride

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) to the finishing diets on the feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of hair sheep ewe lambs during hot environmental conditions. Twenty Katahdin × Pelilbuey and Dorper × Pelibuey crossbred females with an average initial liveweight (LW) of 26.2 ± 0.83 kg were blocked by the initial LW, and assigned individually to 20 pens in a closed calf-rearing unit provided with fans. Treatments were (1) control group (basal diet without ZH) and (2) ZH group (basal diet plus 10 mg of ZH/ewe.day). Skin temperatures were measured each 2 days in five ewes by treatment; ambient weather conditions were recorded every day. After a 34-day feeding period, all ewes were slaughtered. Climatic variables during the study showed severe heat stress, with the average temperature–humidity index and temperature 85 units and 34.1°C, respectively. The skin temperature of belly and right flank was greater (P < 0.05) in ZH females than in control lambs. Ewe lambs fed ZH had feedlot performance, carcass length, shear force, body fat and skin percentage similar (P > 0.05) to control ewe lambs. With the exception of peritoneum and head (P < 0.05), all visceral organs had similar (P > 0.05) percentages between treatments. However, hot- and cool-carcass weights, dressing percentage, conformation and rib-eye area were greater (P < 0.05) for ewes supplemented with ZH. Likewise, the weight of hindquarter, legs and ribs expressed as a percentage of hot-carcass weight increased (P < 0.05) with ZH supplementation. Growth and deposition of excessive fat in hair-sheep ewe lambs were not improved with ZH supplementation under heat-stress conditions, whereas carcass-quality traits such as dressing and rib-eye area were increased.

scholarly journals Chitosan Oligosaccharides Protect Sprague Dawley Rats from Cyclic Heat Stress by Attenuation of Oxidative and Inflammation Stress

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixia Lan ◽  
Siqi Li ◽  
Qingqing Chang ◽  
Zhihui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Cyclic Heat

Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of COS on antioxidant system and inflammatory response in heat-stressed rats. A total of 30 male rats were randomly divided to three groups and reared at either 24 °C or 35 °C for 4 h/d for this 7-day experiment: CON, control group with basal diet; HS, heat stress group with basal diet; HSC, heat stress with 200mg/kg COS supplementation. Compared with the CON group, HS significantly decreased (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG); average daily feed intake (ADFI); the relative weight of spleen and kidney; the level of liver CAT, GSH-Px, T-AOC, and IL-10; spleen SOD, GSH-Px, GSH, and IL-10; and kidney SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC, and IL-10, while significantly increased the MDA concentration in liver, spleen, and kidney; the liver IL-1β concentration; and spleen and kidney IL-6 and TNF-α concentration. In addition, dietary COS supplementation significantly improved (p < 0.05) ADG; the relative weight of spleen and kidney; the level of liver GSH-Px, spleen GSH-Px, GSH, and IL-10; and kidney GSH-Px, while significantly decreased (p < 0.05) liver IL-1β concentration under heat stress condition. Collectively, COS was beneficial to heat-stressed rats by alleviating oxidative damage and inflammatory response.

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