scholarly journals Examining the Attacks After the 20th Scores in Volleyball According to Nationality and Positions

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Cengiz Akarcesme ◽  
Muhammed Sahin ◽  
Yaprak Kalemoğlu Varol ◽  
Filiz Fatma Colakoglu
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Video Recorder ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Number Percentage ◽  
High Level ◽  
Post Hoc

The most efficient technique of scoring in volleyball is possible to be mentioned as attack. The numbers of efficient attacks performed after the 20th scores during the match are more important, and therefore this period should be managed more elaborately in terms of the technique and tactic. Therefore, it is considered that players’ presenting more productive performances with the drills related to the match after the trainings will be more efficient upon winning the match. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attacks performed after the 20th scores in 2017-2018 Volleyball Sultans League session according to the nationalities and positions. The study included totally 124 female players with natives (n=86) and foreigners (n=38) from 12 teams between 26 and 30 years old (28.25±1,62).  The numbers of the attacks performed after the 20th scores of 17.918 rallies in 496 sets (except from the 5th set) of 125 matches played by 12 teams during the session were evaluated. All matches were recorded with a video recorder by the researcher. The videos were analyzed by the experts in 3 repetitions. Attack errors, blocked attack, bad attacks, good attacks, numbers of attacks, coverage and totals numbers of attacks performed after the 20th scores during the match were recorded in numbers. Lilliefors Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test indicated whether the study data were appropriate for the normal distribution or not (p<.05). In data analysis, descriptive statistics such as number, percentage, arithmetic average and standard deviation were used; and Independent Samples T-Test and One-Way Variance Analysis (One-Way ANOVA) were used for determining the difference between dependent and independent variables. Tukey HSD Post-Hoc test was performed for finding among which groups there were differences between the units in one-way variance analysis (ANOVA). While interpreting the data, 0.01 and 0.05 were accepted as the level of significance. The research data were analyzed using SPSS 21 statistical software. As result of the findings obtained in the study, it was determined that there were significant differences in whole attacks performed by the players in terms of nationalities and positions (p<0.05). In conclusion, because the 20th scores are referred the critic period called as the golden scores, foreigners and opposite spiker’s that had high level conditional abilities for winning had more attacks.

scholarly journals Does efficiency of service after the 20th scores in volleyball differ according to nationality and positions? Voleybolda 20. sayılar sonrası atılan servis etkinliği uyruk ve mevkilere göre değişiklik gösterir mi?

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1956
Author(s):  
Cengiz Akarcesme ◽  
Yaprak Kalemoğlu Varol ◽  
Tekin Çolakoğlu ◽  
Filiz Fatma Çolakoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
English Summary ◽  
Good Service ◽  
Foreign National ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Number Percentage ◽  
One Way Anova

The first technique that starts the match in volleyball is service. It has been known that benefiting efficiently from the service as the first hitting attack in each period of the match is remarkable. However, it has also been emphasized in the study carried out by Marcelino et al. that managing the scores especially at the end of the set and match are more important for the trainers and players. For that reason, it is considered that trainers’ including target-specific service work-outs in training programs will be the most remarkable factor for winning the game (Marcelino, Sampaio et al., 2012)The purpose of this study was to examine the change of service efficiency after the 20th scores according to nationality and positions in 2017-2018 Volleyball Sultanlar League session. Into the study, totally 134 female players including natives (n=94) and foreigners (n=40) from 12 teams between 26 and 30 years old (28.25±1,62) were included. The numbers of the services performed after the 20th scores of 17.918 rallies in 496 sets (except from the 5th set) of 125 matches played by 12 teams during the session were evaluated. All matches were recorded with a video recorder by the researcher, and the videos were analyzed by the experts in 3 repetitions. The service error, service as the free ball, bad service, good service, service ace and total number of service after the 20th scores during the match were recorded in numbers. Lilliefors Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test indicated whether the study data were appropriate for the normal distribution or not (p<.05). In data analysis, descriptive statistics such as number, percentage, arithmetic average and standard deviation were used; and Independent Samples T-Test and One-Way Variance Analysis (One-Way ANOVA) were used for determining the difference between dependent and independent variables. While interpreting the data, 0.01 and 0.05 were accepted as the level of significance. The research data were analyzed using SPSS 21 statistical software.As result of the findings obtained at the end of the study, it was determined that there were significant differences except from the service as the free ball in terms of the Turkish players and foreign-national players (p<0.05). No significant difference was noticed in terms of service error, service as the free ball, bad service, good service, service ace and total number of service after the 20th scores during the session depending upon the positions of the players (p>.05). As a result, it is determined that foreign players serve more effectively than native players at 20th points which is named as golden points.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetVoleybolda müsabakayı başlatan ilk teknik servistir. İlk hücum vuruşu olan servisi müsabakanın her periyodunda etkin kullanmanın önemli olduğu bilinmektedir. Ancak özellikle setin ve maçın son bölümlerindeki sayıların yönetiminin antrenörler ve sporcular için daha önemli olduğu Marcelino ve arkadaşlarının yapmış olduğu çalışmada da vurgulanmıştır.   Bu nedenle antrenörler antrenman programlarında hedefe yönelik etkin servis çalışmalarına yer vererek maçı kazanmada en önemli etken olacağı düşünülmektedir (Marcelino, Sampaio et al. 2012)Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2017-2018 voleybol Süper lig sezonunda 20. sayılar sonrası atılan servis etkinliğinin uyruk ve mevkilere göre değişikliğinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya 26-30 yaş arası (28.25±1,62) 12 takımdan yerli (n=94), yabancı (n=40) toplam 134 kadın oyuncu dahil edilmiştir. Sezon içerisinde 12 takımın mücadele ettiği 125 maç da (5. set hariç) 496 set 17.918 rallinin 20. sayılar sonrası atılan servis sayıları değerlendirilmiştir. Bütün maçlar araştırmacı tarafından video kamera ile kayıt altına alınmış, videolar uzman kişiler tarafından 3 tekrar ile analiz edilmiştir. Müsabaka esnasındaki 20. sayılardan sonra yaptıkları servis hatası, avantaj top olarak dönen servis, kötü servis, iyi servis, servis ace ile toplam servis sayıları adet cinsinden kaydedilmiştir. Değişkenlerin normal dağılıma uygunluğu Lilliefors Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi çalışma verilerinin normal dağılıma uygun olmadığını göstermiştir (p<.05). Verilerin analizinde; tanımlayıcı istatistikler (sayı, yüzde, aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma) ile bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki farklılığı saptamak amacıyla; Bağımsız Gruplar için t Testi ve Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (One-Way-Anova) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin yorumlanmasında 0.01 ve 0.05 anlamlılık düzeyi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri SPSS 21 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda; Türk sporcular ile yabancı uyruklu sporcuların avantaj olarak dönen servis sayıları hariç anlamlı farklar tespit edilmiştir (p>.05). Sonuç olarak; yabancı uyruklu sporcuların, altın sayılar olarak da adlandırılan 20. Sayılarıda, yerli oyunculardan daha etkin servis attığı belirlenmiştir.

Quantitative indicators of air traffic controllers’ attitude to the danger of errors

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
O. M. Reva ◽  
V. V. Kamyshin ◽  
S. P. Borsuk ◽  
V. A. Shulhin ◽  
A. V. Nevynitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

The negative and persistent impact of the human factor on the statistics of aviation accidents and serious incidents makes proactive studies of the attitude of “front line” aviation operators (air traffic controllers, flight crewmembers) to dangerous actions or professional conditions as a key component of the current paradigm of ICAO safety concept. This “attitude” is determined through the indicators of the influence of the human factor on decision-making, which also include the systems of preferences of air traffic controllers on the indicators and characteristics of professional activity, illustrating both the individual perception of potential risks and dangers, and the peculiarities of generalized group thinking that have developed in a particular society. Preference systems are an ordered (ranked) series of n = 21 errors: from the most dangerous to the least dangerous and characterize only the danger preference of one error over another. The degree of this preference is determined only by the difference in the ranks of the errors and does not answer the question of how much time one error is more dangerous in relation to another. The differential method for identifying the comparative danger of errors, as well as the multistep technology for identifying and filtering out marginal opinions were applied. From the initial sample of m = 37 professional air traffic controllers, two subgroups mB=20 and mG=7 people were identified with statisti-cally significant at a high level of significance within the group consistency of opinions a = 1%. Nonpara-metric optimization of the corresponding group preference systems resulted in Kemeny’s medians, in which the related (middle) ranks were missing. Based on these medians, weighted coefficients of error hazards were determined by the mathematical prioritization method. It is substantiated that with the ac-cepted accuracy of calculations, the results obtained at the second iteration of this method are more ac-ceptable. The values of the error hazard coefficients, together with their ranks established in the preference systems, allow a more complete quantitative and qualitative analysis of the attitude of both individual air traffic controllers and their professional groups to hazardous actions or conditions.

scholarly journals Resource Partitioning in the Sunbird Species Found in Federal College of Forestry, Jos, Plateau State

2021 ◽  
pp. 4028-4039
Author(s):  
Kambai Collina ◽  
Olatidoye Olaremi Rebecca ◽  
Mundi Francis Junior ◽  
Chomini Meyiwa Stephen ◽  
Adedire Oludare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Parkia Biglobosa ◽  
Species Activity ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Foraging Time

Competition occurs when individuals or different species are vying for the same resource which is in limited supply. Two complete competitors cannot coexist indefinitely, therefore competitors must differ to some degree in their resource use. The research was carried to investigate how resources are partitioned among the species of sunbirds found in Federal College of Forestry, Jos. Opportunistic sightings along a 200m transect was used for observation. Sunbirds were observed using binoculars between 6:30 – 8am and by 4:30 – 6pm. Six transects were purposively selected in the study area. Sightings along a 200m transect was used to observe; species of sunbird, sex of individual sunbird species, species of flowering plant visited by the sunbird species, activity or behaviour performed by the sunbird (probing, insect hunting, roosting, perching etc.) and duration of activity. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA and post hoc test was used to analyse the data obtained. Results showed that forty-three (43) plant species were utilised by the four (4) sunbird species found in the study site with Corymbia torelliana and Hamelia patens having the highest number of visit. These four sunbird species observed were; Scarlet-chested sunbird, Variable sunbird, Green-headed sunbird and the Copper sunbird. Mean number of plants visited shows that Green-headed sunbird visited more plants than the other three species (28.89) which was highly significant (p=0.001). Copper sunbird spent the highest foraging time (67.71) which showed no variation with the other species (p=0.516). Females of the sunbird species visit more plants species and spent more time foraging as compared to the males although there was no variation (p= 0.984 and p= 0.906 respectively). The activities of the males (perching, hovering, probing, feeding) was higher than that of females and had a high level of significance (p=0.001). Callistemon citrinus, Corymbia torelliana, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Hamelia patens, Parkia biglobosa and Ziziphus mucronata were utilised by all the sunbird species. Scarlet-chested sunbirds spent more time probing which aids pollination of plants in the study site and hence ecologically important to the plants found in the study site.

Composition of the Otosclerotic Stapes: Electron Microprobe Analyses

1993 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-358
Author(s):  
Gary D. Rosenberg ◽  
Laverne B. Tubergen
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

For the first time, otosclerotic stapes have been distinguished from unafflicted controls at a high level of significance by using a spectrum of elements measured by energy-dispersive spectrometer-electron probe microanalyses (EDS/EPMA). Discriminant analyses of the maximum concentration of 13 elements measured at several sites within each of 32 stapes differentiated otosclerotic from unafflicted individuals well above the 95% confidence level. Eight of the 9 control (unafflicted) and 21 of the 23 afflicted stapes were correctly classified. In descending order of contribution to the discriminant function, the elements are Zn > Cr > K > Ca > Si > Mn > Na > Al > Mg > P > Fe > S > Ti. Zinc and chromium account for much of the difference, but discriminant analyses excluding them still distinguish the two groups at the 95% confidence level. These results are consistent with previous reports of high levels of alkaline phosphatase, a zinc-containing enzyme, in afflicted stapes. But the broad spectrum of elements capable of distinguishing otosclerotic stapes warrants study of additional zinc-containing and other metal-containing or metal-activated moieties.

scholarly journals Estimation of Total Fluoride Concentration, Total Soluble Fluoride Concentration and pH among Various Brands of Toothpastes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praneetha D Rani ◽  
Vijaya Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Group Analysis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Post Hoc

Introduction: Fluoride toothpastes are a major reason for the decline in dental caries globally. For fluoride toothpaste to be effective, an adequate amount of Total Soluble Fluoride (TSF) must be available in the toothpastes. Aim: To determine and compare the Total Fluoride (TF), TSF and pH among various toothpaste brands. Materials and Methods: An in-vitro study was conducted during October 2019 on 20 toothpaste samples, which belonged to four groups namely, herbal toothpastes group, nonherbal toothpastes group, medicated toothpastes group and kids toothpastes group. Analysis of the samples was done at the Department of Environmental Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Technology, Surathkal, Karnataka, India. The TF and the TSF concentration was determined using fluoride ion electrode. The pH was determined using pH meter. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 19.0). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used by Tukey’s post-hoc test to determine the difference between groups. The level of significance was kept at 0.05. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the toothpaste types for mean TF concentration (p=0.004). The post-hoc test showed that there was a significant difference between herbal and nonherbal toothpastes (p=0.041) where the mean TF concentration for nonherbal toothpastes was 1095.20 ppm when compared to herbal toothpastes was 704.40 ppm. The results showed that there was a siginificant difference between the toothpaste types for Mean TSF concentration (p<0.003). There was a significant difference between medicated and kids toothpastes (p=0.024) where the mean total soluble fluoride concentration for medicated toothpastes was 938.60 ppm when compared to the kids toothpastes was 521.20 ppm. Conclusion: The present study showed that pH of all the toothpastes were either neutral or alkaline and the TSF concentration was less when compared to TF concentrations.

Comparative Assessment of Antibacterial Efficacy of Commercially Available Different Dental Gels: An In-vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minal M. Kshirsagar ◽  
Arun S. Dodamani ◽  
Prashanth Vishwakarma ◽  
Gaurao Mali ◽  
Vrushali Ramdas Khobragadec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Medium Diameter

Background: The topical routes of administering drug have certain visible advantages as direct application of a drug to the site of action and persistence of action for prolonged duration. More stability and better application property of gel cause its use for topical application. Objectives: To determine and compare antibacterial efficacy of commercially available different dental gels. Methods: For the evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of commercially available different antiseptic gels on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus well-diffusion method was used. To assess the antibacterial efficacy after incubation in appropriate culture medium diameter of zone of inhibition was measured. Results: Maximum zone of inhibition was found with Curenext gel (40 mm,40mm) followed by Hexigel (30 mm, 21mm) Mucopain (17 mm, 17mm) and Dologel (7 mm, 16mm) against S. mutans and L. acidophilus respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Test were used to analyze results statistically. The difference between commercially available different dental gels was statistically significant (P < 0.001) at 5% of level of significance. Conclusion: In the present study, it was seen that Curenext gel was more effective followed by Hexigel, Mucopain gel and Dologel on S. Mutans and L. Acidophilus.

scholarly journals Comparison of the physical education & sports teachers’ educational research attitudes with other teachers

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-351
Author(s):  
Fatih Özgül ◽  
Murat Kangalgil ◽  
Rahmi Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Teachers Attitudes ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
High Level

The aim of this research was to compare the attitudes of physical education and sports teachers and other branch teachers towards educational research. The sample group of the study was determined by convenient sampling method. The data of the study were collected from 304 teachers in different fields (152 Female, 152 Male; 102 of them are in 23-29 age group, 131 of them are in 30-36 age group and 71 of them are above 37 years). In the research, "Attitude Scale for Educational Researches" was used. The Cronbach Alpha value of the scale was calculated as .87. In the analysis of the data, SPSS (ver.22.0) program was used. Since the data were normally distributed (Kolmogorov-Smirnov), t test, ANOVA and Tukey test were applied and level of significance taken as .05. The total scores of the teachers were compared according to some variables in the study. As a result that the teachers’ attitudes towards educational researches found to be a high level in the study. The female teachers’ attitudes were found to be higher than the male teachers’ towards educational research. The attitudes of the teachers were compared in terms of the branches towards educational researches and there was not found any significant difference between them.

scholarly journals The reality of management by roaming practice of principles of Tatweer schools in Riyadh

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nof Ahmed Al-Hawishl
Keyword(s):  
Response Category ◽  
High Response ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
General Average ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

The aim of this research is to recognize the reality of management by roaming practice of principles of Tatweer schools in Riyadh, through answering the main question of the research: What is the reality of management by roaming practice of principles of Tatweer schools in Riyadh? And for achieving that the researcher used the descriptive approach and the survey method, the questionnaire was used as a tool of the research consisting of (47) clauses and distributed over three axes. The sincerity and stability of the tool was confirmed by appropriate statistical and educational methods. The research has found out many results the most notably is that management by roaming practice of principles of Tatweer schools in Riyadh in all its fields was in a very high degree with a general average reached (4.46) of the very high response category, where the guidance field ranked first with an arithmetic average of (4.67) of the very high response category, followed by organization field with an arithmetic average of (4.49) in the very high response category, then the field of ​​planning with an arithmetic average of (4.39) in the very high response category, while the supervision field was in the last order with an arithmetic average of (4.26) in the very high response category. And the center of the obstacles of management by roaming practice of principles of Tatweer schools in Riyadh was in a high level with an arithmetic average of (3.81) in the high response category. The study also mentioned that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance of (0.05) in the view of the sample attributable to variable years of experience, variable qualification and variable size of the building, while the focus of the proposals that contribute to management by roaming of the directors of the Tatweer schools in Riyadh, has a high degree of approval with an arithmetic average of (4.01) in the high response category.

scholarly journals The Level of Readiness of Islamic Education Teachers in Kelantan Islamic Foundation Secondary School Toward Multimedia Platform in Teaching / Tahap Kesediaan Guru Pendidikan Islam di Sekolah Menengah Yayasan Islam Kelantan Terhadap Multimedia Dalam Pengajaran

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zulazizi Mohd Nawi ◽  
Azmil Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Academic Qualifications

This study aims to survey the level of readiness of Islamic education teachers toward multimedia platform in teaching, also the difference of the level of readiness based on the demography of GPI. The study involved 127 Islamic education teachers who taught subjects under Islamic education such as Quranic and as-Sunnah Education, Shariah Islamic Education and Tasawwur Islamiah in Kelantan Islamic Foundation secondary school. The quantitative data of the questionnaires instrument were analysed descriptively using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 to obtain the frequency, percentage, mean, interpretation and standard deviation while inference analysis using t-Test, one-way ANOVA test and Post hoc Scheffe test. The findings from the level of readiness such as level of knowledge, level of skill and level of attitude showed a high level of moderation (min=3.70, sp=0.62). The inferential analysis also showed that there was a significant difference (p0.05) between the GPI demographics including teaching experience, laptop usage intensity, academic qualifications and diploma in teaching. However, gender, location of teaching, level of teaching and specialization of teaching subjects do not shows significant differences. The study conluded that the level of readiness toward multimedia platform in teaching well but there are differences in the level of readiness based on GPI demographics.

scholarly journals CHALLENGES FACING DISTANCE LEARNING IN THE NEGEV REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 378-389
Author(s):  
Mawaheb Shehadeh ALKRRENAWI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Academic Qualification ◽  
Preparatory Schools ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

The study aimed to identify the level of challenges facing distance learning in preparatory schools within the Negev region from the teachers' point of view, and to reveal the difference in their views towards the challenges facing distance learning in the schools of the Negev region according to different levels of (Gender, Academic qualification, and Years of experience) variables. The study used the sample social survey method, and the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data. The study sample consisted of (302) teachers who were selected from preparatory schools in the Negev region, besides, the questionnaire was applied via websites to the targeted sample. The results showed that the total level of challenges facing distance learning in schools within the Negev region came at a High level, with an arithmetic average (3.818), as the Economic challenges area came first with an arithmetic average (4.208) and a High level, the Technological challenges area came second with an arithmetic average (4.119) and a high level, the Teacher-related challenges area came third with an arithmetic average (3.580) and a Medium level, and in the area Student-related challenges area came fourth with an Arithmetic average (3.365) and a Medium level. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α = 0.05) in the averages of the study sample responses about the challenges facing distance learning in the schools within the Negev region attributed to the different levels of Gender and Academic qualification variables, while there were statistically significant differences at (α = 0.05) due to the difference in the Years of experience variable in favor of those with long experience.

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