scholarly journals Climate Change Implications to High and Low Potential Zones of Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Msafiri Yusuph Mkonda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Potential Zone ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
Global Circulation Models ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
Livelihood Options

This chapter presents the findings from a literature review distinguishing the levels of vulnerability and resilience between the people who live in high potential zone areas and low potential zone areas. High potential zones are natural-resourced areas, while low potential zones are less-resourced areas. The refereed resources include fertile soil, water sources, vegetation, and landscape just to mention a few. Predictions from global circulation models confirm that global warming will have substantial impacts to biodiversity and agricultural systems in the most developing countries, including Tanzania. These impacts are severe, significant, and more pronounced in low potential zones where the poor people always dwell. High potential zones are less vulnerable to these impacts due to resources endowments. These impacts are mainly exacerbated by anthropogenic activities like overgrazing, burning of the ecosystem, and monoculture to mention a few. The increase in stress to the already affected areas increases the vulnerability of the poor and thus squeezing the threshold of livelihood options. This chapter focuses on climate change and biodiversity (i.e., soil, landscape, and vegetation) and agricultural biodiversity for climate change adaptations. Therefore, coping and adaptation strategies, particularly economic and technological adaptations, are relented as they significantly reduce the vulnerability of the livelihoods.

scholarly journals Potential Impact of Climate Change on Schistosomiasis: A Global Assessment Attempt

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Jing Yang ◽  
Robert Bergquist
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
Global Circulation Models ◽  
Parasite Stage ◽  
Near Future

Based on an ensemble of global circulation models (GCMs), four representative concentration pathways (RCPs) and several ongoing and planned Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects (CMIPs), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts that global, average temperatures will increase by at least 1.5 °C in the near future and more by the end of the century if greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions are not genuinely tempered. While the RCPs are indicative of various amounts of GHGs in the atmosphere the CMIPs are designed to improve the workings of the GCMs. We chose RCP4.5 which represented a medium GHG emission increase and CMIP5, the most recently completed CMIP phase. Combining this meteorological model with a biological counterpart model accounted for replication and survival of the snail intermediate host as well as maturation of the parasite stage inside the snail at different ambient temperatures. The potential geographical distribution of the three main schistosome species: Schistosoma japonicum, S. mansoni and S. haematobium was investigated with reference to their different transmission capabilities at the monthly mean temperature, the maximum temperature of the warmest month(s) and the minimum temperature of the coldest month(s). The set of six maps representing the predicted situations in 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 for each species mainly showed increased transmission areas for all three species but they also left room for potential shrinkages in certain areas.

scholarly journals STUDI KESESUAIAN PENERAPAN STANDAR LINGKUNGAN PERUMAHAN SEDERHANA SEHAT DI KOTA SERANG

Arsitektura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria Nurul Fitri ◽  
Soedwiwahjono Soedwiwahjono ◽  
Rufia Andisetyana Putri
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Know How ◽  
Housing Environment ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
Healthy Housing ◽  
Method Analysis

<p><em>Serang city is the Capital City of Banten Province. As the time goes by, the population increases and the poor people needs an access to have a home. There are two housing environments, which is called “simple healthy housing environment” to help the poor people ,which are Banten Indah Permai and Bumi Serang Timur, but the condition is the housing environments are lack of infrastructures and facilities. This problem makes a question how the suitability of simple healthy housing environment in Kota Serang is. The suitability study of simple healthy housing environment in Serang city is done by using scoring method analysis to count the suitability of the simple healthy housing environment standards as the output and perception of the people inside the housing environment as the outcome of this simple healthy housing environment. Descriptive comparative analysis is used also to know how output and outcome can match each other in the housing environment. Final scoring result obtained that Banten Indah Permai has been classified as suit in output because of the 58 score , but Bumi Serang Timur is not suit in output because it has 55 score. In outcome scoring, Banten Indah has been classified as suit in outcome for the 76,94 score, and also for Bumi Serang Timur has 75,68 for the outcome score. With comparative analyisis, this study also obtained that there are many infrastructure and facilities in housing environment which are not give the outcome as usual the housing environment gives.</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> simple healthy housing, suitability,  scoring, environment, </em></p>

Housing Citizenship Through the Federation of Urban Poor in South Africa

2018 ◽  
pp. 119-137
Author(s):  
Ndwakhulu Stephen Tshishonga
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Capability Development ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
Human Capability

This chapter explores the notion of housing citizenship through the Federation of Urban Poor (FEDUP) among the poor and homeless in South African townships. Through the Federation of Urban Poor, the poor people have been instrumental and pragmatic in promoting housing citizenship self-funded and with the help of the Department of Human Settlement both locally and nationally. The chapter makes use of human-capability development framework to draw lessons for active participation and empowerment in the delivery of services such as houses. The chapter found that the people involved in FEDUP managed to transform their dire situation from marginalization to empowerment and have managed to further outsource both government and private sector resources in the form of finances and human expertise. The data in this chapter are collected through face-to-face interviews, document analysis, and observations.

scholarly journals Reservoir yield intercomparison of large dams in Jaguaribe Basin-CE in climate change scenarios

RBRH ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato de Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
Cleiton da Silva Silveira ◽  
Ticiana Marinho de Carvalho Studart ◽  
Francisco de Assis de Souza Filho
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
Global Circulation Models ◽  
Great Divergence ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reservoir Yield

ABSTRACT Climate changes can have different impacts on water resources. Strategies to adapt to climate changes depend on impact studies. In this context, this study aimed to estimate the impact that changes in precipitation, projected by Global Circulation Models (GCMs) in the fifth report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR5) may cause on reservoir yield (Q90) of large reservoirs (Castanhão and Banabuiú), located in the Jaguaribe River Basin, Ceará. The rainfall data are from 20 GCMs using two greenhouse gas scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The precipitation projections were used as input data for the rainfall-runoff model (SMAP) and, after the reservoirs’ inflow generation, the reservoir yields were simulated in the AcquaNet model, for the time periods of 2040-2069 and 2070-2099. The results were analyzed and presented a great divergence, in sign (increase or decrease) and in the magnitude of change of Q90. However, most Q90 projections indicated reduction in both reservoirs, for the two periods, especially at the end of the 21th century.

scholarly journals LA OPCIÓN TEOLÓGICO-PASTORAL DEL PAPA FRANCISCO

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Rafael Luciani
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Pope Francis ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultura Popular ◽  
Preferential Option ◽  
The Relationship

Resumen: La Evangelii Gaudium y los discursos ofrecidos durante los viajes apostólicos a Latinoamérica han dejado clara la opción teológico-pastoral del Papa Francisco, cuyo eje se encuentra en torno a la opción preferencial por «una Iglesia pobre que asuma al pueblo-pobre» y, desde ahí, se deje evangelizar reconociendo el lugar teológico que tiene la cultura popular como mediación socioanalítica y de encuentro con el Dios de Jesús. Para comprender esto hay que adentrarse en el debate sociohistórico de la teología latinoamericana de la liberación y en el modo como esta fue recibida en Argentina por medio de la teología del pueblo. Así también, es necesario seguir los debates sobre la relación que ha de existir entre el anuncio del Evangelio, la vida de la Iglesia y la realidad de los pobres, según han sido expuestos desde Medellín hasta Aparecida. En el presente artículo iremos desarrollando estos ejes fundamentales en los que se inspira la opción teológico-pastoral del Papa Francisco y las consecuencias para la credibilidad de la comunidad cristiana en la era globalizada.Abstract: The Evangelii Gaudium and the speeches offered during the Papal Apostolic Journeys to Latin America made more clear the theological and pastoral option of Pope Francis, whose axis is around a preferential option for «a poor Church that assumes the poor-people». A Church that recognizes the theological locus of the popular culture, as a socio-analytic mediation to encounter the God of Jesus. To understand this, it is mandatory to examine the social and historical debates occasioned by Latin American Liberation Theology and the way it was received in Argentina through the so called «Theology of the People». It will also be necessary to follow the discussions on the relationship between the proclamation of the Gospel, the life of the Church and the reality of the poor, as they have been stated from Medellin and San Miguel to Aparecida. In this article we will study those key areas and topics in which Pope Francis has developed his theological-pastoral option and its consequences for the credibility of the Christian community in a globalized era.

Отношение к нищим государства и общества в советское время (ATTITUDE TO THE POVERTY OF THE STATE AND SOCIETY IN SOVIET TIME)

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-62
Author(s):  
Наталья Валерьевна (Natalia Valerievna) Шляхтина (Shlyakhtina)
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
Soviet Time ◽  
The Government

Автор рассматривает социальную категорию нищих в религиозном контексте, а также в свете конкретной русской этнической традиции. В последнем случае нищие были близки группе «странников», богомольцев, которые посвятили свою жизнь паломничеству по святым местам. Между тем уже в начале XX в. немалое число нищих были просто бедняками, не имеющими дома и заработка. В советское время с нищенством начинают целенаправленно бороться, как с социально вредным явлением. Но при этом советская власть своими масштабными проектами – индустриализацией и особенно коллективизацией, борьбой с враждебными классами, порождала миллионы нищих. Она боролась с ними, как с врагами народа. Еще одна большая волна нищих появилась после Великой Отечественной войны, но и эти нищие не нашли должного сочувствия у власти. В целом, отношение к нищим в советское время можно охарактеризовать как репрессивное, вне традиции, вне религиозных норм, что служит обличением власти. The author considers the social category of the poor in a religious context, as well as in the light of a specific Russian ethnic tradition. In the latter case, the poor were close to the category of “wanderers,” pilgrims who dedicated their lives to pilgrimage to holy places. Meanwhile, at the beginning of the XX century. a considerable number of beggars were simply poor people who did not have a home or income. In Soviet times, the authorities began to struggle with poverty in a deliberate way, as with a socially harmful phenomenon. But at the same time, the Soviet government with its large-scale projects - industrialization and especially collectivization, the struggle against hostile classes - generated millions of beggars. It fought with them, as with the enemies of the people. Another big wave of beggars appeared after World War II, but these beggars did not meet the proper sympathy of the government. In general, the attitude towards the poor in Soviet times can be described as repressive, outside of tradition, outside of religious norms, which serves as a denunciation of power.

scholarly journals Micro-Finance for Poor and Non-Poor Communities of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Prasad Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Poor Communities

 The micro-finance institutions are providing service to the people with the noble purpose to improve their socio-economic status which ultimately helps to reduce the poverty Nepal. In the Nepalese context, micro-finance institutions are providing the equal services to all people living in the remote and rural areas. The main objective of this study was to identify the economic importance of micro-finance institutions for poor and non-poor communities of Nepal. The study was conducted in Syangja district among the 385 beneficiaries of micro-finance. This study found that there was no significant association between the poor and non-poor people regarding the success of small scale business with the support of micro-finance, and increasing the amount of saving because p = .524 and .402 respectively which was greater than .05 significant levels. The difference could be observed in the increase in income level of poor and non-poor. Slight better improvement could be seen among the poor people, there was significant association between poor and non-poor because of p = .019.

Forecasting climate-driven changes in the geographical range of the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1288-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Raybaud ◽  
Mahmoud Bacha ◽  
Rachid Amara ◽  
Grégory Beaugrand
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
European Anchovy ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
Global Circulation Models ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Business As Usual

Anthropogenic climate change is already affecting marine ecosystems and the responses of living-resources to warming waters are various, ranging from the modifications in the abundance of key species to phenologic and biogeographic shifts. Here, we used a recently developed Ecological Niche Model (ENM) to evaluate the potential effects of global climate change on the future geographical distribution of the European anchovy. We first modelled the ecological niche (sensu Hutchinson) of the fish and projected its future spatial range using new IPCC representative concentration pathways (RCPs) scenarios and five of the latest generation of ocean-atmosphere global circulation models. We chose this multi-model and multi-scenario approach to evaluate the range of possible trajectories until the end of the century. Our projections indicate that substantial poleward shifts in the probability of anchovy occurrence are very likely and highlight areas where European anchovy fisheries are forecasted to change most. Whatever the warming scenario, our results project a reduction in the probability of occurrence in all the regions located under 48°N and an increase in more northern areas. However, increases or decreases in the probability of occurrence are greater under the “business-as-usual” scenario RCP8.5 than under the low-emission scenario RCP2.6.

scholarly journals An iconic messenger of climate change? Predicting the range dynamics of the European Bee-eater (Merops apiaster)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darius Stiels ◽  
Hans-Valentin Bastian ◽  
Anita Bastian ◽  
Kathrin Schidelko ◽  
Jan O. Engler
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
German Population ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
Global Circulation Models ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Population Sizes

AbstractWhen environmental conditions change, species usually face three options: adaptation, range shifts, or extinction. In the wake of climate change, it is generally believed that range shifts are the norm in mobile species such as birds, resulting in poleward range shifts. The European Bee-eater is a predominantly Mediterranean species which has expanded its range to higher latitudes over the last decades. Germany in particular has seen a surge in breeding pairs and foundation of new colonies. However, while many experts suggest climate warming as the main driver behind this range expansion, an explicit quantification remains open. Here, we use an ensemble modelling approach to study the recent climatic niche suitability of the European Bee-eater across Europe with a special focus on Germany and project its predicted Palaearctic breeding distribution onto the year 2050 using two global circulation models and two representative concentration pathways. Models were able to predict the current European range of the species with some underestimated areas in Central and Eastern Europe, depending on the selected model. We found a strong relationship between climatic suitable areas and estimated population sizes across European countries that is reflected in most algorithms. In particular, the German population size is in line with climate suitability in the country suggesting a strong climate–population relationship and a high degree of niche filling. Most future predictions point to an ongoing northward expansion of the species while areas in Southern Europe and the Maghreb area remain largely suitable. The strong climate–population relationship makes the European Bee-eater an appropriate indicator species for climate change. Yet the high variability of modelling algorithms also call for caution of using these techniques without careful inspection.

scholarly journals Konstruksi Pesan Politik di Televisi Komersial Menjelang Pemilihan Umum 2014: Studi Kasus Iklan Partai Hanura, Pan, dan Gerindra

Humaniora ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1213
Author(s):  
Ulani Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Constructive Theory ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Message

Effective adverstisement must contain ideal message that will attract, arouse curiosity, and stimulate the action in accordance with the purpose of the advertiser. The problem identification of this study is how the political message in the TVC construction towards the 2014 election. This study aims to know how the message construction of Hanura, PAN, and Gerindra on TVC ads by the 2014 election and to know the similarities message of Hanura, PAN, and Gerindra ads as the largest ad spender in the TVC. The methodology used is qualitative analysis by Stuart Hall’s reception constructive theory. The results of this study point out that the construction of political message through the TVC from January to March 2014 was in the opposition position. The recipient constructed ideas contrary to the purpose of the advertisers. Thus, marketing communications conducted by the team of political parties in this study did not conform to expectations. While, those three political parties analyzed were carrying the same message that they sided with the poor people and promised to give hope to live well. Conclusions obtained from the results of the research are the construction of the message contains the element of appeals and emotionals instead of the element of arguments and convictions. Then the similirarity of the TVC message is the parties give a promise of hope and well living to the people yet no one conveys the answers to the concerns of the people existed since the reform era, that is about disintegration and unity in the community. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document