Assessment of Persistent Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Commercially Important Fin and Shell Fishes of River Majidun, Lagos, Nigeria

Aim: The pesticide pollution of aquatic ecosystems has developed serious environmental anxiety, provoking a necessity for continuous evaluation of harmful constituents. Study Design: A quantitative cum descriptive experimental design was used to evaluate the occurrence and concentration of Persistent Organochlorine Pesticides (POPs) in water, sediment, fish (Tilapia zilli and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) and shell fishes (Macrobrachium vollenhovenii, Littorina littorea and Callinectes pallidus) of River Majidun, Lagos, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: Nigerian Institute of Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR) between June and December, 2019. Methodology: Sediment samples were collected by the Rigosha grab sampler and fish samples were purchased from commercial fishermen. Sample preparation was done according to the Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) 3570 method. POPs were evaluated using Hewlett Packard 5890 series II gas chromatography with electron capture detector. Results: Twenty-one organochlorine residues were identified including p’p’DDT, Lindane (γ-HCH), Dieldrin, Heptachlor, Aldrin, Chlordane, Endrin aldehyde, Endrin ketone, Methoxichlor and Endosulphan. Concentrations in water ranged between 0.03 µg l-1 (Endrin ketone) and 1.97 µg l-1 (Methoxychlor). In sediment, it is between 4.55 µg kg-1 (β-HCH) and 128.25 µg kg-1 (Methoxychlor). In Macrobrachium vollenhovenii, Methoxychlor was 123.83 µg kg-1 and Lindane ((γ)- HCH) was highest here (39.35 µg kg-1). Callinectes pallidus had a high concentration of Endrin ketone (133.13 µg kg-1). The Tilapia zilli highest concentration was 110.35 µg kg-1 (endrin ketone) and it had the highest pp’DDT which was 41.40 µg kg-1. Conclusion: Evidently, there was sequestration of POPs from water into sediment and bioaccumulation in the organisms, due to exposure. The level of POPs in all samples were below the limits of 200 µg kg-1 fresh weight in fish and sea food set by Codex Alimentarius Commission by FAO/WHO. The attendant environmental/human menace cum inherent danger of the raised levels of POPs, calls for continuous monitoring of River Majidun.

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Assessment of radon concentration and heavy metal contamination in groundwater samples from some areas of Fazilka district, Punjab, India

Indoor and Built Environment ◽

10.1177/1420326x15591639 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 368-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ajay Kumar ◽

Saurabh Narang ◽

Rohit Mehra ◽

Surinder Singh

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Radon Concentration ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Atomic Emission ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Us Epa ◽

Safe Limits ◽

The Mean

Groundwater samples taken from 20 villages of Fazilka district, Punjab, India were analysed for radon concentration using RAD7, which is an electronic radon detector. Radon concentration varies from (1.4 ± 1.0) × 103 Bq/m3 to (4.9 ± 3.0) × 103 Bq/m3, which is much below the safe limits proposed by US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. The mean annual effective dose calculated for these samples was also found to be within the limits provided by WHO and EU council. These samples were also analysed for concentration of certain heavy elements like As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Hg, Ni and Cd using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer. Out of these, concentrations of As and Pb were found to exceed the permissible limits suggested by US EPA.

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Status of formalin in commercially important fishes from the northeastern region of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries ◽

10.52168/bjf.2020.32.03 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

TOFAEL AHMED SUMON ◽

MD. ASHRAF HUSSAIN ◽

FARJANA AKHTER MITA ◽

JOYANTA BIR ◽

SARKER MOHAMMED IBRAHIM KHALIL

Keyword(s):

Labeo Rohita ◽

Industrial Research ◽

Catla Catla ◽

Northeastern Region ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fish Samples ◽

The Status ◽

Commercially Important ◽

Tenualosa Ilisha

The study revealed the status of formalin used in four commercially important fishes namely Rohu (Labeo rohita), Catla (Catla catla), Mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus) and Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) from Sylhet and Moulvibazar district for a period of four months from April to July 2016. A total of 100 fish samples from different town and village markets were collected and analyzed instantly on the market to detect the presence of formalin by using a kit developed by Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR). Among the analyzed fishes 46.7, 26.7, 20.0 and 13.3% of Rohu, Catla, Mrigal and Hilsa, respectively were found treated with formalin from Sylhet district. Similarly, formalin was also detected in 40, 20, 20 and 20% of investigated Rohu, Catla, Mrigal and Hilsa from Moulvibazar district, individually. There was no significant difference in formalin used between town and village market, whereas a significant difference in application of formalin in domestic and imported fishes except Catla has been identified. Two-third of imported Rohu (66.7%) was found formalin positive followed by Hilsa (44.4%), Mrigal (40%) and Catla (35.7%). Amongst the domestic fishes, presence of formalin was detected in 27.8, 18.8, 10.0 and 4.8% in Rohu, Catla, Mrigal and Hilsa, separately. This devastating use of formalin in food fishes should be banned through proper enactment of the existing laws of the country, as well as timely and appropriate implementation of government monitoring is mandatory to combat the unethical formalin use.

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Simulation of a biogas cleaning process using different amines

Revista Facultad de Ingeniería ◽

10.19053/01211129.v27.n47.2018.7751 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (47) ◽

Author(s):

Guillermo Sepúlveda ◽

Luis Eduardo Jaimes ◽

Leonardo Pacheco ◽

Carlos Alirio Díaz

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Landfill Gas ◽

Cleaning Process ◽

Fuel Gas ◽

Combustion Properties ◽

The Us ◽

Us Epa ◽

Combustible Gases ◽

Combustion Processes ◽

Landfill Gas Emissions

The use of biogas generated in landfills has gained importance in developing countries like Colombia. Taking into account that this biogas presents poor combustion properties that make interchangeability with other combustible gases difficult, the elimination of gases and vapors, such as CO2 and H2O, through a cleaning process, in which the biogas is converted to biomethane, improves the biogas properties as a fuel gas for general use. In this work, we simulated the generation of biogas at El Carrasco sanitary landfill in Bucaramanga, using the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) landfill gas emissions model. Additionally, we simulated the biogas cleaning process to extract the remaining moisture using the ProMax software; for this, we used three different amines (MDEA, MEA, and DEA), followed by a glycol dehydration process. The results showed that the amine MEA produced the largest increase in the concentration of CH4 (90.37 %) for the biogas generated in the landfill. Furthermore, dehydration with glycol was an efficient process to obtain a gas with a high percentage of methane (91.47 %) and low water presence (1.27 %); this would allow the use of biomethane in conventional industrial combustion processes and power generation.

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Stomach Content of Tillapia zilli and Oreochromis nilocticus from Wanzun River, Lavun Local Government, Niger State Nigeria

Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research ◽

10.9734/ajfar/2021/v13i530276 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

Y. M. Mohammed ◽

M. D. Abubakar ◽

A. M. Muhammad ◽

A. S. Muhammad ◽

B. L. Umar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

Stomach Content ◽

Stomach Contents ◽

Empty Stomach ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Individual Fish ◽

Fish Samples ◽

Commercially Important ◽

Fish Remains ◽

The One

This study was conducted to investigate the stomach contents of two commercially important fish species (Tilapia zilli and Oreochromis nilocticus) from Wanzun River, Northcentral Nigeria using frequency of occurrence and volumetric methods between January to April 2019. Fish samples were collected monthly with help of Fishermen using various fishing nets and traps. One hundred (100) individual fish of each species were collected and their stomach contents were examined. The results obtained expressed in mean percentage indicated that out of the one hundred (100) individual fish of each species examined,Twelve (12%) fish had an empty stomach contents in Tilapia zilli, and out of the 100 samples examined, Seventeen (17%) fish had an empty stomach content in Oreochromis nilocticus. The stomach contents of both Tilapia zilli and Oreochromis nilocticus consist of detritus, insects, fish remains. Algae/protozoans plant materials and molluscs. Both fish species are omnivorous feeders and occupy the same ecological niche.The study reveals the importance of algae, fish, insects and plant materials as food for fishes and they form important part in the diet of the species examined.

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Comparative Analysis of Microcystin Prevalence in Michigan Lakes by Online Concentration LC/MS/MS and ELISA

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins11010013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 13 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Johnna A. Birbeck ◽

Judy A. Westrick ◽

Grace M. O’Neill ◽

Brian Spies ◽

David C. Szlag

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Tandem Mass ◽

Protection Agency ◽

Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

Drinking Waters ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽

Us Epa ◽

The Impact ◽

Elisa Data

Fast and reliable workflows are needed to quantitate microcystins (MCs), a ubiquitous class of hepatotoxic cyanotoxins, so that the impact of human and environmental exposure is assessed quickly and minimized. Our goal was to develop a high-throughput online concentration liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) workflow to quantitate the 12 commercially available MCs and nodularin in surface and drinking waters. The method run time was 8.5 min with detection limits in the low ng/L range and minimum reporting levels between 5 and 10 ng/L. This workflow was benchmarked by determining the prevalence of MCs and comparing the Adda-ELISA quantitation to our new workflow from 122 samples representing 31 waterbodies throughout Michigan. The frequency of MC occurrence was MC-LA > LR > RR > D-Asp3-LR > YR > HilR > WR > D-Asp3-RR > HtyR > LY = LW = LF, while MC-RR had the highest concentrations. MCs were detected in 33 samples and 13 of these samples had more than 20% of their total MC concentration from MCs not present in US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Method 544. Furthermore, seasonal deviations between the LC/MS/MS and Adda-ELISA data suggest Adda-ELISA cross-reacts with MC degradation products. This workflow provides less than 24-h turnaround for quantification and also identified key differences between LC/MS/MS and ELISA quantitation that should be investigated further.

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Geochemical Behavior of Uranium and Radon in Groundwater of Jurassic Granite Area, Icheon, Middle Korea

Water ◽

10.3390/w11061278 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1278 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Byong Wook Cho ◽

Chang Oh Choo

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Maximum Contaminant Level ◽

Contaminant Level ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Us ◽

Us Epa ◽

Independent Behavior ◽

Radon Concentrations

Uranium concentrations (a total of 82 samples) in groundwater in Icheon, middle Korea, showed a wide range from 0.02 to 1640 μg/L with a mean of 56.77 μg/L, a median of 3.03 μg/L, and a standard deviation of 228.63 μg/L. Most groundwater samples had quite low concentrations: 32.9% were below 1 μg/L, while 15.9% exceeded 30 μg/L, the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of the US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). Radon concentrations also ranged widely from 1.48 to 865.8 Bq/L. Although the standard deviation of radon was large (151.8 Bq/L), the mean was 211.29 Bq/L and the median was 176.86 Bq/L. Overall, 64.6% of the samples exceeded the alternative maximum contaminant level (AMCL) of the US EPA (148 Bq/L). According to statistical analyses, there was no close correlations between uranium and radon, but there were correlations between uranium and redox potential (Eh) (−0.54), dissolved oxygen (DO) (−0.50), HCO3− (0.45), Sr (0.65), and SiO2 (−0.44). Radon showed independent behavior with respect to most components in groundwater. Uranium concentrations in groundwater increased with increasing water–rock interactions. Anomalously high uranium and radon concentrations in groundwater are preferentially localized in granite areas and spatial distributions are remarkably heterogeneous.

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Treatment of Post-Hydrothermal Liquefaction Wastewater (PHWW) for Heavy Metals, Nutrients, and Indicator Pathogens

Water ◽

10.3390/w11040854 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 854 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Samuel D. Jesse ◽

Paul C. Davidson

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Crop Production ◽

Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽

Total N ◽

Treatment Methods ◽

Attractive Option ◽

Us Epa ◽

Cadmium Lead

Recycling post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) may allow the use of nutrients in the aqueous phase that may otherwise go unused. PHWW is an attractive option for use as fertilizer in systems like crop production. However, there are potential contaminants in the PHWW that may inhibit crop growth or pose a food safety risk. This study investigated the concentrations of heavy metals and nutrients in the PHWW, as well as the presence of indicator pathogens. In addition, four different water treatment methods were used: (1) dilution of raw PHWW, (2) sand filtration after dilution, (3) sand and carbon filtration after dilution, and (4) reverse osmosis after dilution. Our results indicate that the concentrations of cadmium, lead, and arsenic in raw PHWW were well below the maximum recommended concentrations set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) for Water Reuse. In addition, the treatment methods in this study achieved percent removals ranging from 82–100% for cadmium, 99–100% for mercury, 75–99.5% for lead, and 71–99% for arsenic. Nitrogen in raw PHWW was predominantly in the total N form, preventing it from being accessible to plants. After nitrification was induced, the concentration of NO3 + NO2 increased by 1.75 mg/L in the untreated 5% PHWW mixture, but remained unchanged or decreased for all other treatments and mixtures. There were no E. coli or coliform colonies detected in the raw PHWW, or in any PHWW mixtures. All PHWW mixtures with and without treatment are within US EPA guidelines for metals for irrigation water reuse. However, fertilizer supplementation may be required for PHWW to be suitable for crop production, as the low concentrations of NO3 + NO2 may prove challenging for growing crops.

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Agro-Environmental Benefit and Risk of Manure- and Bone Meal-Derived Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Materials as Soil Amendments: Availability of PAHs, PTEs, and P

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9120802 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 802 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vladimír Frišták ◽

Martin Pipíška ◽

Gerhard Soja ◽

Alena Klokočíková Packová ◽

Michal Hubeňák ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Phosphorus ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Phosphorus Content ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Carbonaceous Materials ◽

Bone Meal ◽

Total Phosphorus Content ◽

Us Epa

The worldwide boom of biochar and pyrogenic carbonaceous material application as a potential soil additive has brought about not only agricultural benefits such as enhanced crop yield, nutrients supply (P), and soil organic carbon increase, but also, on the other hand, environmental risk of organic (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) and potentially toxic element (PTE) penetration into arable soils. Therefore, our study assessed pyrogenic carbonaceous materials (PCM) produced from the P-rich feedstocks—chicken manure (CM) and bone meal (BM)—as promising and safe alternatives for inorganic P fertilizers. Pyrogenic materials produced in the process of slow pyrolysis at residence time 2 h, 400 and 500 °C, were characterized by determination of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), elemental analysis of total C, H, N, S scanning electron microscopy (SEM), total content of P, selected potentially toxic elements (PTEs), and available forms of PTEs and P by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and calcium-acetate-lactate (CAL) extractions. CMPCM4, CMPCM5, BMPCM4, and BMPCM5 were characterized by determination of total 16 US-EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) PAHs by toluene extraction protocol and available concentrations by Tenax resin approach. Additionally, CMPCM4, CMPCM4, BMPCM4, and BMPCM5 were tested in earthworm avoidance test with Eisenia foetita and short-term rye-seedling germination test. Obtained results showed decreasing of total carbon in the order of BM > BMPCM4 > BMPCM5 and increasing in the order of CM < CMPCM4 < CMPCM5. Total phosphorus content increased from 56.8 ± 1.7 g kg−1 (BM) to 85.2 ± 4.2 g kg−1 (BMPCM4) to 110.5 ± 7.0 g kg−1 (BMPCM5). In the case of chicken manure-derived pyrogenic materials, total phosphorus content increased in the order of CM (22.9 ± 2.0 g kg−1) < CMPCM4 (37.0 ± 4.5 g kg−1) < CMPCM5 (40.0 ± 3.4 g kg−1). Availability of selected PTEs and P decreased in pyrogenic materials compared to feedstock. Total concentration of ∑16-US-EPA PAHs in BMPCM4 and BMPCM5 was 3.92 mg kg−1; CMPCM4, 7.33 mg kg−1; and CMPCM, 6.69 mg kg−1. The Tenax-available ∑16-PAHs showed concentrations of 0.53 mg kg−1 for BMPCM4, 0.26 mg kg−1 for BMPCM5, 1.13 mg kg−1 for CMPCM4, and 0.35 mg kg−1 for CMPCM5. Total P concentrations determined in rye aboveground tissues showed the highest accumulation ability in the case of CMPCM5 compared to other samples. Pyrogenic carbonaceous materials produced from chicken manure and bone meal at 400 and 500 °C have the potential to be P slow release fertilizers and may be ecologically safe.

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Nine-Year Study of the Occurrence of Culturable Viruses in Source Water for Two Drinking Water Treatment Plants and the Influent and Effluent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (August 1994 through July 2003)

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.71.2.1042-1050.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 1042-1050 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Gerald Sedmak ◽

David Bina ◽

Jeffrey MacDonald ◽

Lon Couillard

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Source Water ◽

High Concentration ◽

Water Treatment Plants

ABSTRACT Reoviruses, enteroviruses, and adenoviruses were quantified by culture for various ambient waters in the Milwaukee area. From August 1994 through July 2003, the influent and effluent of a local wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were tested monthly by a modified U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Information Collection Rule (ICR) organic flocculation cell culture procedure for the detection of culturable viruses. Modification of the ICR procedure included using Caco-2, RD, and HEp-2 cells in addition to BGM cells. Lake Michigan source water for two local drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) was also tested monthly for culturable viruses by passing 200 liters of source water through a filter and culturing a concentrate representing 100 liters of source water. Reoviruses, enteroviruses, and adenoviruses were detected frequently (105 of 107 samples) and, at times, in high concentration in WWTP influent but were detected less frequently (32 of 107 samples) in plant effluent and at much lower concentrations. Eighteen of 204 samples (8.8%) of source waters for the two DWTPs were positive for virus and exclusively positive for reoviruses at relatively low titers. Both enteroviruses and reoviruses were detected in WWTP influent, most frequently during the second half of the year.

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Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from Shengli Oil Field, China

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/35/2017-swr ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 74-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Kuang ◽

Y. Su ◽

J. Zhang ◽

Z. Song ◽

H. Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

The United States ◽

Oil Field ◽

Total Pahs ◽

Fine Soil ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Pahs Concentration ◽

Us Epa

The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) priority pollutant list, were studied in ten different soil samples from Shengli Oil Field, China. The total PAHs concentrations in the sampled soils attained 1214.9–2965.1 ng/g (2159.6 ng/g on average). The highest total PAHs concentration was in the soil with a huge content of oil sludge, while the lowest was in fine soil environment areas. The soil contamination with PAHs in the study areas was classified as severe. The major pollutants were naphthalene, phenathrene, fluorine (Flu), pyrene (Pyr), while the detected concentration of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benzo(b)fluoranthene was relatively low. Among the 16 kinds of PAHs, the concentration increased in the order: 6 rings < 5 rings < 4 rings < 2 rings < 3 rings. The ratios of Flu/(Flu + Pyr) and indeno benzene(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (IP)/(IP + BaP) were 0.46–0.48, and 0.36–0.64, respectively. Our results suggest that the main sources of PAHs were petroleum extraction and petroleum combustion. In addition, a small amount of PAHs originated from combustion of grass, woods, and coal.

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