scholarly journals Case Report on Tuberculosis Meningitis-A Nurses Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 236-241
Author(s):  
Sheetal Sakharkar ◽  
Seema Singh ◽  
Ruchira Ankar ◽  
Arati Raut ◽  
Savita Pohekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Neurological Assessment ◽  
Tubercular Meningitis ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Chief Complaints ◽  
Ward Patient

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacteria that cause tuberculosis. If the infection is not treated immediately the bacterium passes via the circulatory system and spread other organs and tissues. Pathogen will travel to the meninges and causes inflammation of membranes called as tubercular meningitis. Here, the authors report a case of tuberculous meningitis a  42- years-old male patient  with the chief complaints of low grade fever with chills since 1 month, headache in frontal region since 5-6 days, altered sensorium, breathing difficulty, reduced speech and left side weakness of the body since 1 day. After admitting in the ward all investigation done like MRI brain, ECG, lumbar puncture, blood tests etc. and he diagnosed as tuberculous meningitis. Patient admitted in AVBRH in ICU, investigations done, where patient was on NIV support, nasogastric tube, foleys catheter and it has been removed as patient was improving the condition and shifted in ward. Patient medical treatment in the ward was inj. C-tri 2 gm, Inj.levoflox 500 mg, inj. thimine 100 mg, Inj.Dexamethasone 10 mg, tab. Pan 40 mg, tab. Akt4 3, Inj.manitol, tab. Lorazepam. History collection, Physical examination, neurological assessment and nursing care plan were done after all treatment patient condition has been improved.

Fournier’s gangrene due to Salmonella Typhimurium in a healthy male: a rare aberrant infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha Gupta ◽  
Lipika Singhal ◽  
Kritika Pal ◽  
Mani Bhushan ◽  
Rajeev Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Fournier’S Gangrene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Fournier's Gangrene ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Chief Complaints ◽  
Human Infections

Introduction: Human Salmonella infections have been classically distinguised into diseases caused by typhoidal and non-typhoidal salmonella (NTS). Typhiodal salmonella includes S. enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi that cause the systemic disease but are restricted to human infections, while NTS consists mainly of other serovars that predominantly cause self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans. Localisation of foci with persisting infection occurs due to dissemination of the bacteria throughout the body and can cause a variety of rare clinical syndromes at aberrant sites. Fournier’s gangrene, a rapidly progressive, often fatal, necrotizing fasciitis of the external genitalia and perineum due to Salmonella Typhimurium, is a rare manifestation and has never been reported. Case: A 22-year-old male, apparently healthy patient with no relevant past medical history presented to surgical emergency with chief complaints of swelling of bilateral scrotal area. Infective etiology was considered and a diagnosis of fournier’s gangrene was made. Pure growth of Salmonella Typhimurium was obtained after repeated subculture and was identified biochemically and on serotyping, as Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium using specific antisera. Conclusion: In our case report, we describe a case of fournier’s gangrene due to Salmonella Typhimurium in an otherwise healthy male to highlight the unusual presentation of Non typhoidal salmonellae at an aberrant site. We also emphasize the importance of using selective media like Selenite F broth for isolation of Salmonella Typhimurium from a pus sample.

Immunotherapy and potential predictive biomarkers in the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghui Xu ◽  
Yuhao Wang ◽  
Hushan Zhang ◽  
Xueke She ◽  
Jianjun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ablative Therapies ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Well Differentiated

Neuroendocrine neoplasias (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors scattered throughout the body. Surgery, locoregional or ablative therapies as well as maintenance treatments are applied in well-differentiated, low-grade NENs, whereas cytotoxic chemotherapy is usually applied in high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. However, treatment options for patients with advanced or metastatic NENs are limited. Immunotherapy has provided new treatment approaches for many cancer types, including neuroendocrine tumors, but predictive biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of NENs have not been fully reported. By reviewing the literature and international congress abstracts, we summarize the current knowledge of ICIs, potential predicative biomarkers in the treatment of NENs, implications and efficacy of ICIs as well as biomarkers for NENs of gastroenteropancreatic system, lung NENs and Merkel cell carcinoma in clinical practice.

scholarly journals The Mechanism of Secretion and Metabolism of Gut-Derived 5-Hydroxytryptamine

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7931
Author(s):  
Ning Liu ◽  
Shiqiang Sun ◽  
Pengjie Wang ◽  
Yanan Sun ◽  
Qingjuan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Epithelial Development ◽  
Ec Cells

Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a metabolite of tryptophan and is reported to modulate the development and neurogenesis of the enteric nervous system, gut motility, secretion, inflammation, sensation, and epithelial development. Approximately 95% of 5-HT in the body is synthesized and secreted by enterochromaffin (EC) cells, the most common type of neuroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, through sensing signals from the intestinal lumen and the circulatory system. Gut microbiota, nutrients, and hormones are the main factors that play a vital role in regulating 5-HT secretion by EC cells. Apart from being an important neurotransmitter and a paracrine signaling molecule in the gut, gut-derived 5-HT was also shown to exert other biological functions (in autism and depression) far beyond the gut. Moreover, studies conducted on the regulation of 5-HT in the immune system demonstrated that 5-HT exerts anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory effects on the gut by binding to different receptors under intestinal inflammatory conditions. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms through which 5-HT participates in cell metabolism and physiology can provide potential therapeutic strategies for treating intestinal diseases. Herein, we review recent evidence to recapitulate the mechanisms of synthesis, secretion, regulation, and biofunction of 5-HT to improve the nutrition and health of humans.

The internal anatomy of the woodlouse, Metoponorthus pruinosus (Brandt), (Porcellionidae, Peracarida)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Alikhan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Digestive Tube ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Digestive Glands

Tbe circulatory system, lying in the mid-dorsal line of the body, consists of an oval heart, the opthalmic artery, and a dorsal abdominal artery.The digestive system comprises a wide, large alimentary tube and two pairs of digestive glands. An oesophagus, a proventriculus, midgut, and a short proctodacum or hindgut form the digestive tube. The digestive glands are very well developed and are beaded in form; each pair lies on either side of the alimentary canal.The reproductive organs are well developed in both sexes: in the male they consist of paired testes and their vas deferentia, and in the female paired bilobed ovaries and oviducts.A cerebral or supraoesophageal ganglion, a suboesophageal ganglion, and seven thoracic ganglia form the nervous system. The supraoesophageal ganglion is united with the suboesophageal ganglion by means of the circumoesophageal commissures, whereas the thoracic ganglia and suboesophageal ganglia are linked with each other by paired connectives.The gills and the tracheae are the organs of respiration. The gills are borne of the bases of the pleopods and are enclosed in the branchial chamber. The tracheae are located on the lateral lobes of the first two pleopods only.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber's Effect on High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein Serum in Sedentary Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Livia Kurniati Saputra ◽  
Dian Novita Chandra ◽  
Ninik Mudjihartini
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Low grade inflammation has been recognized of being involved in the pathogenesis of chronic disease pandemic. Individual lifestyle plays a major role in the development of low grade inflammation. Sedentary workers are at risk of low grade inflammation due to the nature of their work. Dietary habit also contributes to inflammatory status in the body. Dietary fiber intake indirectly affects the immune system. It has been hypothesized that fiber has anti-inflammatory effects, both body weight-related and body weight-unrelated This review will focus more on body weight-unrelated anti-inflammatory effect of fiber, especially through fiber’s fermentation metabolites, the short chain fatty acid (SCFA). Its anti-inflammatory effect can be seen by monitoring a biomarker of inflammation in the body, the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). This review’s objective is to cover the mechanisms and role of dietary fiber intake on serum hsCRP level as a marker of low grade inflammation on sedentary workers. 

scholarly journals Selenium and Inflammation— Potential Use and Future Perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonidas H Duntas ◽  
Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Light Chain Enhancer ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Se Status

The essential trace element selenium (Se) is constitutively incorporated as selenocysteine, in proteins, among others in antioxidative selenoproteins, such as glutathione peroxidase(s) and thioredoxin reductase. Since chronic inflammation is thought to deplete Se stores in the body, Se supplementation should be considered in prolonged inflammatory states, Se being the trace element the most affected in chronic or low-grade inflammation. Se administration might also be beneficial in bacterial and viral diseases as well as metabolic and autoimmune diseases. In order to maintain a Se steady state, or “selenostasis,” Se supplementation, via either diet or compounds, is required to preserve the activity of selenoproteins in antioxidative and redox processes. Importantly, Se could play a pivotal role in the maintenance of homeostasis in infected tissues by inhibiting the proinflammatory toll-like receptor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathway and counteracting proinflammatory cytokine action. Finally, while Se status shows considerable promise as a valid marker of inflammatory and autoimmune disease, new functional Se nanoparticles and highly bioavailable selenomethionine compounds will in all probability provide a more efficacious and reliable intervention tool in both preventive and therapeutic disease management.

scholarly journals The role of selected mechanisms of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 544-549
Author(s):  
Paulina Trojanowska ◽  
Magdalena Chrościńska-Krawczyk ◽  
Alina Trojanowska ◽  
Ewa Tywanek ◽  
Jakub Wronecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Cytoplasmic Proteins

Understanding the important role of the non-specific immune response in protecting the body against the development of numerous diseases has become partially possible after the discovery of several classes of pattern recognition receptors (PRR), such as Toll-like or NOD-like receptors. A group of cytoplasmic proteins called the inflammasome, which detect PAMP and DAMP through the PRR receptors, is able to activate pro-inflammatory cytokines and trigger an acute inflammatory reaction both in the extracellular and intracellular space. Low-grade systemic and local inflammation contributes to the development and progression of various conditions, including autoimmune and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis, which until recently were not even considered inflammatory diseases. This review will discuss the role of innate immunity in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, focusing on the role of specific innate immunity receptors and insulin resistance involved in these diseases pathogenesis.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY ON JARA WITH RESPECT TO AGEING PROCESS WITH ASHWAGANDHA RASAYANA AND MATRA BASTI

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Singh Binod Kumar ◽  
Bharkher D.L
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Chief Complaints ◽  
Comparative Clinical Study ◽  
Later Phase

The problem of ageing is experienced by all the countries. According to World Health statistics the life expectancy of Nepalese people has risen from 58.91 years to 67.86 years (1996 to 2015). Ageing is emerging issue in Nepal as well as global. Its tempo is expected to be unexpectedly fast as mortality continues to decline and life expectancy continues to increase. Ayurveda the science of life has observed ageing as a Jara avastha, which is a later phase of life, it is natural, inevitable phenomenon, in which maximum decline of bodily elements that may become as major cause of disability and functional dependency requiring services that affect many sectors of economy, health, security, income, housing, transportation etc. Jara chikitsa has been mentioned as one independent Anga in Ashtanga Ayurveda where Rasayana therapy is capable to impede the ageing process and to delay the degenerative process in the body. In this study we measured the effectiveness of Ashwagandha rasayana and Matra basti and compared with the Ashwagandha Rasayan only in Jara avastha. A total of thirty elderly patients were selected and divided in two groups A and B, given them either Ashwagandha Rasayana with Matra basti or Ashwagandha rasayana in prescribed doses for 45 days. Changes in the subjective complaints, objective parameters of the patients and appearance of adverse events were also evaluated. Both the groups provided better results on the chief complaints But, comparison in between both the groups is insignificant, that may be due to small sample size.

scholarly journals Yogic Discipline in an individual human life

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
Dharmalingam T.S ◽  
Balachandran P
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Breathing Exercise ◽  
Peace Of Mind ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Five Elements

In the modern world, the yoga plays a vital role in human life. To realise the truth and meaning of life, one has to practice yogic discipline in everyday living. The human body is made up of five elements such as akash, air, fire, water and earth. An air plays a very important role to survive by providing life energy. Everyday practice of pranayama would help in regulating respiratory system (Breathing exercise) as well as circulatory system. The physical exercises regulate the circulation of blood, heat, air in the body. The practice of asana would help in bringing flexibility in our muscular system so as to enhance the meditation process. The practice of meditation gives peace of mind and improves integirity. The practice of yoga will improve self-confidence, self-control, speaking truth, tolerance and social virtues. Each and every individual should practice yoga, asanas, meditation and do self-analysis exercises such as analysis of thoughts, moralisation of desires, nutralisation of anger and eradication of worries. This would help to bring hormoney between body and mind, habit and wisdom, self and society. Purpose and method and will and nature.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional and immunohistochemical characteristics of the large omentum in ovarian cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
N. N. Shevlyuk ◽  
L. V. Khalikova ◽  
A. A. Khalikov
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Great Omentum ◽  
Low Grade

The aim of the study was to establish morphofunctional and immunohistochemical characteristics of large omentum in women with ovarian cancer.Material and methods. The large omenta of 48 women with ovarian cancer (low-grade differentiated seropapillary adenocarcinoma of high-grade malignancy) of II stage (n=20) and III stage (n=28) were studied. Histological sections were stained with overview histological and immunohistochemical methods (to reveal ki67, P53, CD34, CD7, CD4, CD8, CD61 proteins expression). Results. In patients, the size of the large omentum was characterized by high individual variability; in the presence of metastasis, the size of the omentum was reduced. Intensive development of blood vessels in the organ was noted, but in the presence of metastases stasis of blood corpuscles, leucocytic infiltration, and moderate edema of connective tissue were observed in the organ’s vessels. Areas of lymphoid tissue, both small lymphatic follicles and diffusely located lymphoid tissue, were revealed in the omentum. In most follicles, reactive centers were not marked, and the number of follicles was reduced in the presence of metastases in the omentum. The analysis of CD34+ cells distribution showed that they were identified both in the tumor and in the areas of the omentum adjacent to the tumor, which indicates a pronounced angiogenesis. An irregular distribution of CD7+ and CD8+ and CD4+ cells was revealed in the tumor tissues, as well as in the surroundings. Simultaneously with the expression of P53 protein, ki67 protein expression is revealed in the significant number of tumor cells (including endothelial cells of tumor blood vessels). The proportion of ki67+ cells in the tumor cell population was 60.1±3.3%. The presence of a large number of ki67+cells in the presence of P53 protein expression in them indicates the aggressiveness of the tumor, as well as a disturbance of apoptosis regulatory mechanisms in the cells. Ki67 expression was low in the omentum areas unaffected by metastases, and it was revealed in the certain areas of connective tissue in fibroblastic programmed differentiation cells. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate significant plasticity and reactivity of great omentum in the presence of tumor process in the body and confirm the important role of great omentum in protective reactions.

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