Estimated Spike Evolution and Impact of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, has been mutating and thus variants emerged. This suggests that SARS-CoV-2 could mutate at an unsteady pace. Supportive evidence comes from the accelerated evolution which was revealed by tracking mutation rates of the genomic location of Spike protein. This process is sponsored by a small portion of the virus population but not the largest viral clades. Moreover, it generally took one to six months for current variants that caused peaks of COVID-19 cases and deaths to survive selection pressure. Based on this statistic result and the above speedy Spike evolution, another upcoming peak would come around July 2021 and disastrously attack Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. This is the prediction generated by a mathematical model on evolutionary spread. The reliability of this model and future trends out of it comes from the comprehensive consideration of factors mainly including mutation rate, selection course, and spreading speed. Notably, if the prophecy is true, then the new wave will be the first determined by accelerated Spike evolution.

Relationship Between Wedding With Mom Stress Level In Caring For Children In Prunggahan Village, Semanding Subdistrict, Tuban District

Now a days that many new mother who has a child first time experiencing stress resulting, it caused by caring the new baby born and she in not ready psycological. The problem in child care is one cause of stress in terms of social and psychological. The purpose of this reseach is to know the relation between marriage age and mother stress level in taking care a child in Prunggahan Kulon village. The reseach method is Corelasional Analiticby using Cross Sectional time. The population in the reseach are 66 women in Prunggahan Kulon village which suitable in inklusi criteria. The reseach sample is 57 responden which determinate by using Cluster Sampling tehnique. The variable independent is marriage age meanwhile the dependent variable is mother stress level in taking care a child. The instrument in collecty the data is quetioner. The reseach analysis is using Contingency Coefficient C. The statistic result shows the variable marriage age is significant with mother stress level in taking care a child is ρ-value (0,000). The result of this reseach hope can be valuable in teaching process and enlarge the society knowladge in taking care a chil.

PERBANDINGAN NILAI VOLUME EKSPIRASI PAKSA DETIK PERTAMA (VEP1) PEROKOK KONVENSIONAL DENGAN PEROKOK ELEKTRIK

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: VEP1 adalah volume udara yang dapat dikeluarkan dalam waktu satu detik pertama setelah inspirasi dan ekspirasi maksimal. Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi nilai VEP1 di antaranya adalah penyakit, usia, paparan bahan iritan, jenis kelamin. Rokok adalah paparan bahan iritan yang dapat mempengaruhi nilai VEP1. Menurut World Health Organization prevalensi perokok di dunia pada tahun 2015 sebanyak 22.2% dan prevalensi di Indonesia sebanyak 33.5%. Rokok terdiri atas dua jenis yaitu rokok konvensional dan elektrik. Rokok konvensional adalah tembakau yang digunakan dengan cara dihisap sedangkan rokok elektrik adalah perangkat yang menggunakan tenaga baterai untuk menyalurkan uap. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan nilai VEP1 pada perokok konvensional dan perokok elektrik. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 81 orang, sebanyak 44 orang perokok konvensional dan 37 orang perokok elektrik yang diambil dengan consecutive sampling. Nilai VEP1 diukur pada orang yang menggunakan rokok selama ≥5 tahun. Hasil: Berdasarkan penelitian ini didapatkan adanya penurunan VEP1 pada perokok konvensional dan perokok elektrik, namun penurunan pada perokok elektrik lebih rendah dibanding perokok konvensional. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan antara perokok konvensional dan perokok elektrik (p=0,00). Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa rerata VEP1 perokok tembakau adalah 76,31±8,21% dan rerata VEP1 perokok elektrik adalah 83.94±6.95%. Kata Kunci: Perokok elektrik, Perokok konvensional, VEP1 ABSTRACT Background: FEV1 is the volume of air exhaled in first second after maximal level of inspiration and expiration. There are some factors which can affect FEV1 value for example obstruction, age, irritant exposure, and sex. Cigarette is an irritant substance that can influence FEV1 value. According to World Health Organization in 2015 world and Indonesian smokers’ prevalence was 22,2% and 33,5%. Cigarettes are divided into two kinds; conventional and electrical. Conventional cigarette is dried-tobacco usually rolled with a paper and commonly inhaled in the usage, while electric cigarette is a battery powered device that vaporize liquid into fumes. This research aimed to investigate the difference of FEV1’s value between conventional smoker and electric cigarette user. Method: Cross sectional study design was applied in this research. Total sample in this research was 81 participants consist of 44 conventional smokers and 37 electric cigarette users selected by using consecutive sampling method. The FEV1 value measured in people who had been smoking for at least 5 years. Result: This research found that the FEV1 value was decreased in both smokers, but the electrical cigarette user having less decreasing of FEV1 value. The statistic result was revealed the differences between conventional smoker and electric cigarette user (p=0,00). Conclusion: As the result, the average of conventional smoker’s FEV1 value is 76,31±8,21% and the average of electric cigarette user’s FEV1 value is 83.94±6.95%. Keywords: Conventional smoker, Electric cigarette user, FEV1

P520 Association between ustekinumab trough levels and biomarkers in patients with Crohn’s disease

Background Ustekinumab (UTK) is a human immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 kappa monoclonal antibody approved in 2017 for the treatment of Crohn’s Disease (CD). Up until now, there has not been enough evidence of the relationship between ustekinumab trough levels (UTL) and the clinical evolution and biological markers of the disease. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between UTL and different biomarkers in a real-world setting. Methods We performed a retrospective observational study including patients up to 18 years with CD receiving subcutaneous maintenance regimen of 90 mg UTK every 8 weeks and available UTL. Biochemical response and remission were evaluated with faecal calprotectin (FC) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels. The biochemical response was defined as a decrease of 50% or more of FC and/or CRP baseline levels, and biochemical remission as FC level <150µg/ml and/or PCR<0.4 mg/dl. UTL was determined from serum samples collected prior to the injection using a commercially available validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Continuous variables were tested using the Mann–Whitney U-test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to estimate the cut-off of the UTK trough level; for scoring purposes, we chose a cut-off that would maximise the sum of sensitivity and specificity. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows. Results Forty-two patients were included (27 men and 15 female), with an average age of 47.7 years. The average FC levels were 1358,5μg/ml at the beginning of the treatment. In the maintenance period, we observed a biochemical response in 69% of patients, whose UTL were significantly higher than in non-responders (2.25 µg/ml [IQR: 3.08] vs. 0..65 µg/ml [IQR: 1.95]. respectively; p = 0.037). Likewise. 38% of patients achieved biochemical remission (responders 2.125 µg/ml [IQR: 2.25] vs. non-responders 1.5 µg/ml [IQR: 3.26]; p = 0.476). The AUC for predicting biochemical response by means of UTL was 0.703 [CI 95%: 0.529–0.877] (p = 0.037), with sensitivity of 51%, specificity of 76% and a cut-off of 2.20 μg/ml. Conclusion There is limited data on the association between UTL and patient outcome. Our study demonstrates the association between improvement of different biomarkers and higher levels of UTL, with a significant statistic result for biochemical response and non-significant statistic result for biochemical remission, maybe due to a small sample, but with a positive trend. Further studies are necessary in order to conclude that UTL is significant in the management and evolution of the disease and to determinate the optimal cut-off.

EFECTIVITY OF COST CONTROLLING AND WORKING CAPITAL TURN-OVER OF ECONOMICAL RENTABILITY

Capital adequacy can be done in many ways, such as by owned-self company capital contaied of fee balanced, stock holder’s capital, and both of them. Beside supported by right fullfillment of network capital, in order to develop the company in better ways , the efectivity, efeciency and productiveness will be very influencing the company.The purpose of this research it to knowing the efectivity of capital maintenance, turnover rate of capital networking and economical rentability of PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. and PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk. to determine the effect of cost control and turnover rate capital networking to economical rentability of PT PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. and PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk.From the result of 12 years analysis, the effectivity of cost control of PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. produce an average of 33,8% bigger than PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk. which produce only 30.5%. the working capital turnover of PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. produce an average of 4.99 times much bigger than PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk. which only produce an average of 2.87 times. And for the rentability, PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. produce 23.07% bigger than PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk. which produce an average of 14.5%. the statistic result by using SPSS Ver.20.0 application, explained that the effectiveness effect of OPM’s cost control and working capital tunover to economical rentability of PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. and PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk.For PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. and PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk, are advices in order to press the cost of its operatios and selling cost to gain more profits. Beside that, the companies are advices in order to accelerate their networking capital , so that the companies activities can work properly by increasing its selling chart and press selling cost will gain the profits to maximum.Keywords: cost control effectivity, working capital turnover, economical rentability.

The Comparison of Neutropenia and Peripheral Neuropathy Condition as an Impact of 3-hours and 24-hour Paclitaxel Infusion of Paclitaxel-Carboplatin Chemotherapy on Ovarian Cancer Patients

This study is aimed to compare the difference of neutropenia with peripheral neuropathy condition, after administration of 3 hours and 24 hours Paclitaxel infusion in adjuvant therapy with Paclitaxel­Carboplatin toward patient with ovarian carcinoma. The method that used was experimental research with samples randomized after consecutively recruited based on inclusive criteria. Before and every after chemotherapy, NCS was performed and differential count laboratories’ test and then analysed with T­test and Chi­square test. The result showed that from three times administration of 3 hours Paclitaxel­Carboplatin infusion group, the neutropenia condition after first up to third chemotherapy was 20 %, 30 %, 30 %, and the peripheral neuropathy condition was 30 %, 60 %, 50 % respectively. Meanwhile, in 24 hours Paclitaxel­Carboplatin infusion group, the incident of neutropenia after first up to third chemotherapy was 40 %, 50 %, 40 %, and the incident of peripheral neuropathy was 20 %, 20 %, 20 % respectively. The statistic result was p > 0.05. Hence, there was no significant difference in neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy incident on two study group.

Kualitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Poli Gigi Rumah Sakit Kota Palembang

Health service in hospital currently focuses on patient satisfaction that service quality becomes indicator of service used. The problem of this study was how about the health service quality at dental clinic of Myria Hospital Palembang. The aim was to know the health service quality at dental clinic of Myria Hospital Palembang. The study method was descriptive quantitative using questionnaire. The samples were 90 respondents by using purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistic, factor analysis, and regression with significance 0,1. Output statistic result of Anova linear regression was 0,086 that indicated significant relation between health service quality and patient satisfaction. Health service quality at dental clinic of Myria Hospital Palembang is already good.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA PERAWAT DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP RSUD SAWAHLUNTO

Human resources like the nurses as a integral parts from medical services, have big contribution to select medical services at hospital. The nurses at hospital are a main point medical services, couses that human resources that contain the biggest and most interaktif with client continously and balance to give comprehensives medical services and professional reactions. The research purposing to know the factors that connected with styling work grade of nurses. The research do at resting installation RSUD, Sawah Lunto. The factor that observe are royalty grade, education grade, and leader grade. The research design that using is cross sectional, data proses and analyzes with using computerization program SPSS for window version 11.0 with Chi Square Test. The research populations are all nurses that have duty at resting room RSUD, Sawah Lunto in surgical operation, child room, and midwife services, that amount are 56 people, and all of population be a sample. From result research get 51,8% styling work from the nurses is like usual not the best. Statistic result show that relationship between motivations, salary, and leadership wit styling work, at the other side education grade not show relationship wit styling work. According the observation, the nurses more add motivation at working, officer at hospitas must attract nurses incentives and head officer more add activity and controlling to the working nurses.

Sintering Temperature Effect on Hardness of Self-Synthetisized Porcelain Made from Natural Sumatran Sand without Kaolin

Dental porcelain is one of the indirect restoration material with excellent aesthetic properties,on the other hand porcelain hardness frequently causing excessive wear of antagonist teeth. This study aiming to evaluate the effect of sintering temperature on the self-synthesized porcelain hardness. In this experiment, 25 porcelain samples were synthesized using Sumatran sand from Pangaribuan and Belitung regions, with the composition of 65 wt% Pangaribuan feldspar, 25 wt% Belitung silica and 10 wt% potassium salt. The samples were sintered in five different temperatures, which were 1110°C (A), 1120°C (B), 1130°C (C), 1140°C (D), and 1150°C (E). These samples were then invested on 5cm diameter resin each. The hardness was tested using Zwick Roell ZHμ Micro Vickers with 900 gram load for 15 seconds in 5 different indented areas for each sample. The result shows average hardness of 435.8 VHN (A), 461.0 VHN (B), 472.0 VHN (C), 487.6 VHN (D), and 528.7 VHN (E), which were increasing as the sintering temperature increased. Statistic result shows that sintering temperature significantly affected the hardness value of the porcelain (p value < 0.05). In conclusion sintering temperature affects the hardness of self-synthesized porcelain made from Sumatran natural sand without kaolin, although the average hardness of self-synthesized porcelain is still higher than average hardness of teeth enamel.

THE ECONOMIC OF SCAVENGING BUSINESS IN MUBI METROPOLITAN AREA

The study examines the economics of scavenging (Baban Bola or Yan Bola), in Mubi by over increasing numbers of unemployed youths in Mubi. The data was collected through closed ended questionnaires (60) and through researcher field observation. Data obtained were qualitative and quantitatively analyzed using descriptive statistic. Result shows that materials scavenging from solid waste for recycling is dangerous done by combining through waste dumps where materials sought after handpicked. Recyclable materials are also obtained by scavengers through the process of weighing or pricing. The materials required are hence transported using a metal cart (push push) to junk collection deport and processed by sorting and grinding. They are consequently weight using the salter scale to determine their monetary worth before selling it to the junk dealers. Most materials collected by scavengers are metallic objects, glass bottles, rubbers or plastic material because demands for such materials are high by recycling industries locally. This scavenging practice is observed to by environmentally being as it helps in reducing the excess waste destined for evacuation and final disposal in addition to the job it creates. It is however, recommended that scavenging practice should be properly organized and practitioners financially empowered so that they will acquire modern tools of resources recovered from waste to bust their capacity to recover more waste which will in due course lead to low-waste society