scholarly journals Exploring cultural differences in wildlife value orientations using student samples in seven nations

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten H Jacobs ◽  
Sara Dubois ◽  
Tetsuro Hosaka ◽  
Vukan Ladanović ◽  
Huda Farhana Mohamad Muslim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Total N ◽  
Wildlife Value Orientations ◽  
National Differences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

AbstractUnderstanding differences in the way people think about wildlife across countries is important as many conservation challenges transcend jurisdictions. We explored differences in wildlife value orientations in seven countries: Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, Malaysia, the Netherlands and Serbia. Standard scales assessed domination (prioritizing human well-being) and mutualism (striving for egalitarian relationships with wildlife). We used student samples (total n = 2176) for cross-cultural comparisons. Reliabilities of the wildlife value orientations scales were adequate in all countries. Relationships between demographics and wildlife value orientations were different across countries. Men were generally more oriented towards domination and less towards mutualism than women, except in Serbia, where it was the other way around. Estimated at the level of the individual (using ANOVA), wildlife value orientations varied across countries, with nationality explaining a larger portion of the variation in mutualism (21%) than domination (6%). Estimated at the level of countries (using multilevel modelling), effect sizes were comparable. Thought about wildlife has previously only been examined within single countries. This paper makes a new contribution to the conservation literature suggesting that wildlife value orientations vary by country, and are associated with demographic factors. For conservation practices, understanding national differences in the way people think about wildlife is crucial to understanding sources of conflict among practitioners. Such knowledge is also important to gain public support for conservation.

scholarly journals Some Voices from Italian Youth on Well-Being: How to Cope with Job Insecurity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Rosy Musumeci ◽  
Chiara Ghislieri
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Familial Support ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

’Insecure’ jobs and alternating between periods of unemployment and periods of employment under fixed-term contracts are increasingly widespread among the youth in Europe. This phenomenon is an important risk factor for young people’s well-being. Despite the growing number of studies, some issues have still not been adequately addressed. Compared to the high number of quantitative studies, the number of qualitative researches is limited: in fact, few studies have tackled this topic from a qualitative standpoint, highlighting the dynamics and the subjective processes which operate in this relationship and considering the different functions that work can have for the individual. Another aspect that has not been adequately dealt with is represented by the coping strategies that young people put in place to deal with job insecurity, and which have consequences on their well-being. The present article on the Italian case is intended to give a contribution in these directions. In particular, it analyses the way in which a group of 40 unemployed or temporarily employed young people, in-depth interviewed, subjectively describe the relationship between job insecurity and well-being, and reflects on coping strategies to face job insecurity and related perceived consequences. In doing this, the authors consider the role of individual factors, as well as of meso and macro ones, given that—for example—the national contexts have a role in influencing the way in which job insecurity is perceived and managed by individuals. The results highlight the complexity of this relationship, in which the intertwining of factors at different levels plays a very important role in determining the coping strategies and the overall well-being of people: individually, like the functions and the subjective meanings of work for the youth, but also in meso and macro terms, such as the familial support and relationships, and the institutional and public resources available.

The social and personal functions of music in cross-cultural perspective

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

Music's uses and contexts are so many and so various that the task of cataloguing its functions is daunting: how can we make sense of this diversity? These functions appear to range from the individual (music can affect the way we feel and the way we manage our lives) to the social (it can facilitate the coordination of large numbers of people and help to forge a sense of group identity). This article argues that musical behaviour covers a vast middle ground in which relationships between self and other or between the individual and the collective are played out. It surveys some of the extant literature on music's functions – referring to literature from ethnomusicology, anthropology, musicology, psychology, and sociology, and discussing a wide variety of musical contexts from around the world – and develops an argument emphasizing music's role in the management of relationships between self and other.

scholarly journals Social Factors and Psychological Predictors of Life Satisfaction at Military Institutes

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-769
Author(s):  
M. V. Sysolyatin
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
Military Community ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military ◽  
Lifestyle Satisfaction ◽  
Junior Students ◽  
The Way

The research identifies the relationship between satisfaction with the way of life and various socio-psychological factors. The study involved 1–5-year male cadets of a military university (N=255, average age = 20,2 years). To identify factors that influence cadets' satisfaction with their lifestyle, the authors used proprietary techniques, a questionnaire for diagnosing the level of social frustration by L. I. Wasserman modified by V. V. Boiko, and the methodology of the study of value orientations by M. Rokich. The study showed the dependence of the factors determining the cadets' satisfaction with the way of life on the year of study. For junior students, it was the military team factors and the place of the individual in the team. For graduates, the most significant factors were those that emphasized their belonging to the military community. The most significant predictors of lifestyle satisfaction were the characteristics of a subjective assessment of one’s status in a military team, a positive assessment of professional choice, and conditions of service and prospects after graduation.

Perspective on the Psychology of Self

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Group Relations ◽  
Internal Organization ◽  
Motivational Variable ◽  
Behavioral Tendencies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

The present perspective on the psychology of self developed out of a search for an adequate conception of the person to round out an incompleteness in a model of friendship. After a review of five major points of disagreement among self theorists, a perspective is presented which distinguishes between the self as an identifiable entity and the specific attributes the individual regards as characteristic of that entity. Processes are proposed by which the person comes to develop a conception of himself as an identifiable entity, and the way in which his self-attributions, i.e., conceptions of what that entity is like, develop and change. A key motivational variable is the individual's concern with the well-being and worth of the entity identified as self. This key variable not only has important implications for the internal organization of self-attributes but also is manifest in four behavioral tendencies that provide a motivational link between the self and dyadic and person-group relations.

scholarly journals The study of senior preschoolers’ readiness for social orientation in the organizations of additional education

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-334
Author(s):  
Elena Vasilievna Barcaeva
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Motivational Orientation ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Problem Situations ◽  
Component Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Additional Education

The paper presents a technique of defining the level of development of senior preschoolers readiness for social orientation in the organizations of additional education. It contains diagnostic tools that determine the level of development of senior preschoolers readiness for social orientation in these organizations. The paper presents the level characteristics of the main structural components of readiness for social orientation in relation to the senior preschool age (personal, cognitive and activity): high, medium, low and unformed. To identify the level of each component development, criteria and evaluation indicators are identified, as well as methods of study, including a method of problem situations, a survey, practice-oriented tasks. With the help of the developed method the author carried out an experiment (ascertaining experiment), its results are presented in the paper. The paper describes in detail one of the components of senior preschoolers readiness for social orientation - a personal one, including value orientations; motivational orientation; emotional well-being; integrative qualities of the individual. This component was found to be at a low level that testifies that it is necessary to develop senior preschoolers readiness for social orientation in the organizations of additional education.

scholarly journals Philosophical understanding of the concept of success and its modern interpretation by students of a technical university

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Daria M. Kapustina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Moscow Aviation Institute ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Attitude And Motivation ◽  
Philosophical Understanding

Introduction. The globalization of social and economic processes, the digitalization of all spheres of human activity, the increase in competition leads to a rethinking of the phenomenon of success. The purpose of the study is to analyze the attitude and motivation to success of students. Materials and methods. The survey involved students of 1-3 courses of the Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI) (95 people). To diagnose the motivation for success of students, the method of T. Ehlers was used. Methods of descriptive statistics (arithmetic mean) were used. The results of the study. The results obtained after the survey and this methodology allow us to conclude that, in general, students of 1-3 courses are motivated to succeed. Thus, the preferred success criteria for 54% of 1st year respondents are recognition in a peer group and in social networks. For 63 % of the respondents, the 2nd year – financial well-being, for 68% of the respondents, the 3rd year-professional implementation. The overall indicator of the respondents ' motivation for success corresponds to the average level of education. The study showed that in the course of forming their own attitude to success, the individual is based on the value orientations that have developed in the context of the current situation of the development of society, and also allows them to identify problem points in the training of future specialists. Conclusion. Learning a foreign language for students in assessing their own success is a prerequisite for both educational and future professional activities. The effectiveness was determined using numerical meters that allow accurate diagnosis of the success of the survey participants.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural training of students by means of foreign literature in formation process of valuable orientations

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-251
Author(s):  
Yana Ruzhevych
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Cultural Training ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
Cross Cultural Training ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Artistic Works ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of value orientations by means of foreign literature in the cross-cultural training of students. It is emphasized that foreign literature has an important advantage as it is associated with various texts belonging to different types of cultures. Communication with masterpieces of foreign literature promotes the development of new aesthetic experiences among students, prompts to comprehend the uniqueness of another culture. The main determinants of value orientations are determined. These are the conditions of life, the level of general culture, the ability of man, beliefs, moral principles, the system of values of the individual. The content of the value orientation of the individual is its focus on certain values of the material and spiritual culture of society. It is emphasized that the main goal of the process of formation of value orientations is the study of artistic works based on the awareness of the incarnated values, the comprehension of the moral and aesthetic positions of literary characters, the mastering of the value potential of the work by students, and the understanding of the relation of values expressed in artistic works, in connection with an important system of values. The unity of value orientations, literary knowledge and students’ activity as the leading condition of the effectiveness of the formation of value orientations is revealed. Much attention is paid to the formation of students’ readiness for cross-cultural interaction in practical classes. The main goal of the cross training of students is defined – it is overcoming the difficulties associated with the differences in values, traditions, languages. The peculiarities of students’ educational activity at various stages of the analysis of works are considered, which is structured on awareness of values embodied in artistic works. The article focuses on various types of tasks, performing students to understand the psychological content of actions and personality of literary heroes come to perceive the value position of the author, his aesthetic ideal.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Psychological Characteristics of Drug Addicts in the Period of Rehabilitation For Up to One Year and From One to Five Years

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual

Despite the fact that in Ukraine there are constantly a large number of preventive and corrective measures to prevent and eliminate the phenomenon of drug addiction, statistics show that the problem does not diminish its relevance. Now there is a large number of studies that reveal the personal characteristics of a drug addicts. Many scientists are unanimous that in the period of drug addiction there is a distortion in the personal sphere. However, the features of these distortions at various stages of drug addiction are not fully understood. At the same time, the elimination of psychological dependence on narcotic substances by means of rehabilitation effects is possible only if the knowledge on the psychological characteristics of the addict is taken into account at different stages of the rehabilitation process. The main goal of rehabilitation work is not only the rejection of drugs. This is the development of new value orientations, personal growth in the individual and social sense, the development of human anti-drug resistance properties, the development of responsible choice skills, the formation of the internal locus of control, the formation of a positive life scenario and the availability of internal resources for its implementation. The article analyzes the effect of rehabilitation methods on the personality traits of drug addicts with short-term and long-term rehabilitation. The study included 60 people, of which 30 drug addicts were with a period of rehabilitation up to one year and 30 drug addicts with a period of rehabilitation from one year to five years. The complex of diagnostic tools includes methods for studying the level of aggressiveness, anxiety scales, behavior in a conflict situation, assessing the neuropsychic personality tension, a questionnaire for studying the level of impulsivity, a questionnaire for studying the level of subjective control, a questionnaire for studying well-being, activity, mood. The dynamics of psychological characteristics of drug addicts in the period of rehabilitation up to one year and from one to five years was determined.

scholarly journals Understanding the personality in Christianity and the modern youth society

2014 ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Tetyana Gavrulyuk
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Stable System ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

In philosophy, the category of "personality" is revealed in relation to the categories "individual" and "individuality", clearly indicating the dependence of their definition on the degree of human maturity. Personality is defined as a dynamic, relatively stable system of moral-volitional, socio-cultural, intellectual qualities of man expressed in the individual peculiarities of his consciousness and activity. Formation of personality is closely linked with socio-cultural and spiritual processes in society, which set certain standards in understanding the key issues of self-awareness, the search and understanding of the meaning of life, freedom and value orientations. Necessary conditions of modern realized personality are competency, high level of knowledge, creativity, readiness for cross-cultural interactions.

scholarly journals Determination of the quality of life of society by the ecological and economic orientation of the individual's personality

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 48-65
Author(s):  
Artem A. Salamatov ◽  
◽  
Daria S. Gordeeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Stable Model ◽  
The Individual

Recently, the issues of balanced ecological and economic development of society, which consists in the co-evolution of natural and production systems in favorable, effective and safe directions, which will ensure economic well-being along with high-quality living conditions and human health, have become increasingly acute. The purpose of the presented study is to substantiate the model of the formation of the ecological and economic orientation of an individual's personality as a key determinant of improving the quality of life and a fundamental condition for a balanced ecological and economic development of society. The methodological basis of the research was formed by the dialectical approach, the transition from the initial theoretical abstractions of ecological and economic development options to a single co-evolving trajectory is being carried out; an acmeological approach that carries out comprehensive research, observation or restoration of the integrity of a person, thereby making it possible to comprehend the core basis of the formation of an ecological and economic orientation of a person; an axiological approach that reveals the specifics of the formation of ecological and economic value orientations that are capable of adequately reflecting the ongoing changes in society; the use of the modeling method made it possible to design a universal and stable model of the formation of an ecological and economic orientation of a person. The contradictions that arise in the process of co-evolution of the natural and industrial spheres require the development of a model for the formation of the ecological and economic orientation of the individual, universal and admissible for various types of social and professional activity. The introduction of the developed model into practice will expand the possibilities for the interiorization of new ecological and economic value orientations, taking into account the fluctuating nature of the ongoing changes, but at the same time, determine our own possibilities for regulating and stabilizing the state of the modern ecological and economic crisis. The ecological and economic orientation of the individual, due to environmental and economic values, is the fundamental basis for the coming positive changes in the development of society and the improvement of the quality and level of its life.

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