scholarly journals Lack of response to garlic fed at different dose rates for the control of Haemonchus contortus in Merino wether lambs

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Strickland ◽  
J. S. Fisher ◽  
W. T. Potts ◽  
G. W. Hepworth
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Worm Count ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Over Time

With the increased incidence of parasite resistance to chemical anthelmintics worldwide novel approaches to manage parasite infection, such as medicinal plants and their extracts, are being investigated by the scientific community. The current study tested the effect of three rates of garlic (0.9, 1.8 and 3.6%) in a pelleted ration on Haemonchus contortus in sheep. Thirty-nine Merino wether lambs aged 6 months were divided into five treatment groups, including three garlic dose rates and two control groups that received no garlic. All animals were infected with 4000 L3 H. contortus larvae 3 weeks after allocation to treatments. A positive control group was drenched with abamectin 28 days after infection. The synthetic drench was effective in controlling the parasites, but there was no reduction in either worm egg counts (WEC) or total worm count due to the garlic. The 3.6% garlic treatment had significantly lower (P < 0.05) liveweight, feed intake, body condition score and feed conversion ratio than any of the other treatment groups, suggesting that this level of garlic had a low level of anti-nutritional properties. There was an interaction between faecal WEC and voluntary feed intake over time, with the animals with higher voluntary feed intake having lower WEC over time.

Pumpkin kernel and garlic as alternative treatments for the control of Haemonchus contortus in sheep

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Strickland ◽  
G. L. Krebs ◽  
W. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Condition Score

Two alternative remedies for controlling Haemonchus contortus in sheep (pumpkin kernel and garlic) were investigated. The experiment involved 18 4-month-old Merino ram lambs with six lambs per treatment group. The lambs were initially drenched to render them worm free, and then infected with 4000 L3 H. contortus larvae, 2 weeks later. Four weeks after infection, faecal egg counts were performed and lambs were allocated into treatment groups and fed their respective diets (control, pumpkin kernel or garlic) for 2 weeks. The lambs were combined into a single group grazing pasture for the last week of the experiment. Faecal worm egg counts (WEC) were carried out weekly for 3 weeks following allocation to treatment diets. Clinical signs of infection observed included liveweight, body condition score and voluntary feed intake. The pumpkin kernel treatment resulted in a 65.5% decrease in the initial level of WEC, but this increased back to the initial level as soon as animals came off treatment. The garlic resulted in a 64.4% decrease in WEC from the initial level and this increased slightly (to 25.5% of the initial level and 43.5% lower than the control) when the animals came off treatment, suggesting that there was a residual effect of the garlic and/or that the garlic had an effect beyond decreasing the fecundity of the parasites. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between treatments in liveweight, body condition score or voluntary feed intake. Throughout the experiment voluntary feed intake and liveweight increased while body condition scores remained stable. We concluded that pumpkin kernel and garlic show potential for parasite control by affecting the fecundity of the parasites. Our results also indicate that with good nutrition lambs can cope with high parasite burdens and still be productive during the early stages of infection.

Performance of Broiler Chickens on Feed Supplemented with Prebiotic Herbs—Origanum Vulgare and Zingiber Officinale

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Condoy Mercy Cuenca ◽  
Cornejo Manuel Maldonado ◽  
Parra Sandro Seminario
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Treatment Groups

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feed supplementation with two prebiotic herbs—Origanum vulgare and Zingiber officinale—on growth performance of broiler chickens. The feed conversion ratio was determined weekly by dividing feed intake by body weight gain. A total of 400 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into four treatment groups of four replicates of 25 chickens each using a complete design random. The four treatment groups were T0 (control), T1 (0.5% oregano), T2 (0.5% ginger), T3 (0.25% oregano + 0.25% ginger). The chicks were grown to 42 days of age. Weight gain, feed intake, conversion, carcass quality and mortality were determined weekly. Data analysis revealed that during the first 35 days of broiler chicken’s life, none of the dietary interventions had any effect on productive parameters (P > 0.05). However, during the last week of treatment, the oregano and ginger supplementation had a positive effect on weight gain and feed conversion (P < 0.05) than in the control group. In conclusion, the addition of oregano and ginger in the daily food ratio for broiler chickens during the last stage of the productive cycle improved the productive parameters, and carcass characteristics.

Consumption of nutritional pellets with Duddingtonia flagrans fungal chlamydospores reduces infective nematode larvae of Haemonchus contortus in faeces of Saint Croix lambs

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Aguilar-Marcelino ◽  
P. Mendoza-de-Gives ◽  
G. Torres-Hernández ◽  
M.E. López-Arellano ◽  
C.M. Becerril-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Saint Croix

AbstractTwo groups of six Haemonchus contortus infected Saint Croix lambs each received different diets for 11 weeks: control group, commercial food, molasses and lucerne hay; and treated group, nutritional pellets (NPs) containing Duddingtonia flagrans at 2 × 106 chlamydospores/kg body weight (BW), sorghum and lucerne hay. Mean BW gain (BWG), body condition score (BCS) and packed cell volume (PCV) and also eggs/g of faeces (EPG) and recovered L3 were compared using a repeated measures across time model. Groups had similar BWG (control 139.7 ± 0.035 g/day and treated 167.7 ± 0.041 g/day), BCS (control 3.6 ± 0.39 and treated 3.4 ± 0.46) and PCV (control 32.5 ± 1.68% and treated 30.0 ± 1.68%). The mean EPG of the control group was 1215 ± 1040 and in the treated group it was 2097.91 ± 2050. No reduction in larval population was observed during weeks 2 and 3. The greatest larval population reduction in the faeces of treated lambs was observed during the first week (70.5%) and from weeks 6 to 11, with a mean value close to 70% (P < 0.05). In general, both experimental groups showed a similar feed conversion. It was concluded that both diets resulted in similar lamb growth, PCV, BCS and H. contortus EPG. However, NP consumption significantly reduced the H. contortus L3 population in lamb faeces.

Responses of pigs fed wheat naturally infected with Fusarium graminearum and containing the mycotoxins 4-deoxynivalenol and zearalenone

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Williams ◽  
BJ Blaney ◽  
MH Magee
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Teeth Grinding ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Trial ◽  
Abdominal Distress ◽  
Over Time

Wheat naturally infected with Fusariurn graminearurn on a farm in south-eastern Queensland contained mean concentrations of 23 mg 4-deoxynivalenol (DON) kg-1 and 4 mg zearalenone (ZEA) kg-1. No other mycotoxins were detected. The wheat was incorporated into diets containing DON ranging from 0-14 mg kg-1 and corresponding ZEA concentrations. Diets were fed in two experiments to a total of 66 pigs of an improved synthetic breed (half each sex, initial liveweights about 27 kg). The first experiment lasted 14 days and tested short-term responses, while the second was a growth trial lasting up to 14 weeks. Pigs were fasted for 24 h before the diets were first offered. In the first experiment, the pigs ate readily for 10-15 min and thereafter sparingly or not at all for several hours. Vomiting commenced in pigs consuming the most DON after 10-20 min and continued for the next hour. A similiar pattern was seen in the growth trial. In total, vomiting was observed in 13 pigs on the first day of feeding, but not thereafter. Vomiting was accompanied by signs of abdominal distress and teeth grinding. This was followed by marked feed refusal, the extent being related linearly to increasing DON concentrations, so that pigs offered the most DON lost weight during the growth trial. Voluntary feed intake was depressed by about 6% for each 1 mg kg-1 of dietary DON, although some tolerance developed over time. Slight diarrhoea was noted in some pigs, and a few females showed oestrogenic effects due to the ZEA. The feed refusal was well correlated with that obtained by other workers using purified DON. Feed conversion was not adversely affected until DON concentrations exceeded about 8 mg kg-1.

scholarly journals Safety Study on Ketoprofen in Pigs: Evaluating the Effects of Different Dosing and Treatment Scheme on Hematological, Hepatic, and Renal Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Luis Emilio Fazzio ◽  
Santiago José Raggio ◽  
Juan Facundo Romero ◽  
Juver Membrebe ◽  
Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Safety Study ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Treatment Scheme ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation ◽  
Different Doses

A safety study on ketoprofen 10% was carried out on pigs using a different dosing and treatment scheme. Forty healthy crossbreed pigs with similar age, weight, and body condition score were distributed into five treatment groups. The pigs were intramuscularly injected once with different doses of ketoprofen: 3 mg/kg (group 1X), 6 mg/kg (group 2X), 9 mg/kg (group 3X). In addition, the 3 mg/kg dosis was administered on three consecutive days (group 1X ext.). Intramuscular injections of saline solution were used in control group (CTL). The pigs were clinically examined throughout the trial and blood samples were taken for hematological and biochemical evaluation on days −4 (before treatment), +3, +7, and +14 (the end of the trial). Any unusual behaviour or clinical signs were reported as potential toxic effects of ketoprofen. Serum measurements showed that none of the ketoprofen doses produced changes in renal or hepatic biochemical parameters, liver enzymes, or total bilirubin. Likewise, hematological assessment indicated no altered parameters or hematocrit percentage in the study groups. These results demonstrate that ketoprofen has no adverse effects in pigs when the doses and scheme evaluated in this study are applied.

scholarly journals Dietary purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) promotes the growth performance of broilers by modulation of gut microbiota

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Wang ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Fengchun Ye ◽  
Hongbo Tang ◽  
Yanpeng Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dietary Treatments

AbstractPurslane is a widespread wild vegetable with both medicinal and edible properties. It is highly appreciated for its high nutritional value and is also considered as a high-quality feed resource for livestock and poultry. In this study, Sanhuang broilers were used to investigate the effect of feeding purslane diets on the growth performance in broilers and their gut microbiota. A total of 48 birds with good growth and uniform weight were selected and randomly allocated to four treatment groups A (control), B, C and D. Dietary treatments were fed with basal diet without purslane and diets containing 1%, 2% and 3% purslane. The 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR and sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform to analyze the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in the four sets of samples. The results showed that dietary inclusion of 2% and 3% purslane could significantly improve the growth performance and reduce the feed conversion ratio. Microbial diversity analysis indicated that the composition of gut microbiota of Sanhuang broilers mainly included Gallibacterium, Bacteroides and Escherichia-Shigella, etc. As the content of purslane was increased, the abundance of Lactobacillus increased significantly, and Escherichia-Shigella decreased. LEfSe analysis revealed that Bacteroides_caecigallinarum, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillales and Firmicutes had significant differences compared with the control group. PICRUSt analysis revealed bacteria mainly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism pathway due to the additon of purslane in the diet. These results suggest that the addition of purslane to feed could increase the abundance of Lactobacillus in intestine, modulate the environment of gut microbiota and promote the metabolism of carbohydrates to improve its growth performance. This study indicates that the effect of purslane on the growth-promoting performance of broilers might depend on its modulation on gut microbiota, so as to provide a certain scientific basis for the application of purslane in the feed industry.

scholarly journals Effect of colistin and tylosin used as feed additives on the performance, diarrhea incidence, and immune response of nursery pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Mazutti ◽  
Leandro Batista Costa ◽  
Lígia Valéria Nascimento ◽  
Tobias Fernandes Filho ◽  
Breno Castello Branco Beirão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence

For the last several decades, antimicrobial compounds have been used as feed additives to promote piglet growth at weaning, through the prevention of subclinical and clinical disease. However, few studies have assessed the influence of these antibiotics on the immune response of nursery pigs, as well as the relation between performance, health, and immunity of animals that receive feed additives. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of colistin and tylosin when used as feed additives on the performance, incidence of diarrhea, and immune response of nursery pigs. In this study, 72 weaned pigs (average age, 28 days) were allotted into one of three treatment groups: a control group (feed with no antibiotics), tylosin group (feed containing 22 ppm tylosin), and colistin group (feed containing 20 ppm colistin). Weekly, during a five week period, the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of the pigs were evaluated. Stools were scored daily, in accordance with a fecal texture scale. Blood samples were collected on the day of housing (d0) and on d7, d21, d28, and d35 for immune cell phenotyping. The results of this study showed that piglets in both the colistin and tylosin groups exhibited a significantly higher average daily feed intake, resulting in a higher body weight at the end of the experimental period (d35) when compared with piglets from the control group. Colistin and tylosin also significantly reduced the incidence of diarrhea. Colistin and tylosin modulated the piglets’ immune responses, particularly on d28, by changing the percentage of circulating B lymphocytes, CD4+CD8+ T cells, and the CD4:CD8 ratio.

The relationship between plasma testosterone concentrations and the seasonal variation in voluntary feed intake in fallow bucks (Dama dama)

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. NEWMAN ◽  
S. J. McCONNELL ◽  
R. H. WESTON ◽  
M. REEVES ◽  
C. BERNASCONI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Natural Photoperiod ◽  
The Relationship

In two experiments conducted at Badgery's Creek, NSW (Latitude 34°S) the roles of testosterone and the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) as possible initiators of the change in voluntary feed intake (VFI) associated with the seasonal reproductive behaviour (rut) in male fallow deer were investigated.In Expt 1, the association between changes in these hormones with the onset of the rut was assessed in deer in which the timing of this event was manipulated by changing the photoperiod, or by melatonin administration. Groups were maintained under either natural photoperiod (n=6; control), a constant long daylength (16 h light[ratio ]8 h dark; n=9; LD group) or a constant long daylength and implanted with melatonin capsules (n=5; LD+M group) for 7 months from December until the following July. Blood samples were obtained weekly and VFI recorded.Feed intake decreased by 94% from the last week of March for 3 weeks in the control group. Changes of a similar magnitude were measured in the LD and LD+M groups but these changes were advanced by 1 and 9 weeks respectively in these groups. In all groups, circulating testosterone concentrations increased markedly at a time corresponding with the decrease in VFI. The concentrations returned to basal levels with the resumption in VFI. A distinct decrease in plasma concentrations of T3 and T4 in all three groups was associated with the decrease in VFI, however, the relationship with T3 was less apparent.In Expt 2, the role of testosterone in the regulation of the decline in VFI was investigated. Fallow bucks were treated with testosterone enanthate every 4 or 5 days for 28 days up to 6 weeks prior to the expected onset of the rut. Plasma testosterone concentrations, which were increased 13-fold, resulted in a decline in VFI which was comparable to that observed in the subsequent rut. Plasma free fatty acid concentrations were correlated negatively with the decline in VFI.Thus, the seasonal increase in circulating testosterone concentrations plays an important role in initiating the fall in VFI associated with the rut. As the rut was still apparent in animals maintained under an extended photoperiod, it is possible that factors other than decreasing daylength act as the cue for the timing of the rut.

Influence of Customized Supplement on Voluntary Feed Intake and Nutrient Metabolism in Crossbred Calves

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep K Chaudhary ◽  
Narayan Dutta ◽  
S E Jadhav ◽  
A K Pattanaik
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
P Retention

The present study was carried out to ascertain the effect of dietary inclusion of a customised supplement to farmers’ based diet on voluntary feed intake and nutrient metabolism in crossbred calves. In order to carry out the experiment, fifteen crossbred calves (18 months old; 166.53±4.93 kg mean BW) were randomly allocated to 3 groups (5 calves in each group) as CON, Treat and SBR, in a CRD for 30 days. The calves in CON (control) group were fed on cereal straw based diet with concentrate mixture as per the farmers’ practices, whereas, the calves in Treat were fed according to CON with additional customized supplement @ 0.25% of BW. The calves in SBR group were fed standard diet as per Kearl (1982). The intake (gd-1) of DM and OM was significantly Pandlt;0.01 higher in SBR than Treat and CON groups, while DM and OM intake as % of BW in Treat group has an intermediate position between SBR and CON groups. The concentrate intake (gd-1) was significantly Pandlt;0.001 higher in SBR followed by Treat and CON group, respectively. However, intake of wheat straw and green maize was found to be identical Pandlt;0.05 among all the groups. The digestibility coefficient of DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF was significantly Pandlt;0.05)higher in Treat and SBR groups than CON. The N-retention as per cent of intake and absorbed-N was significantly Pandlt;0.001 higher in Treat and SBR groups than CON. The Ca and P retention gd-1 was significantly Pandlt;0.001 higher in SBR group followed by Treat and CON groups. The intake gd-1 and density % of DCP and TDN were significantly Pandlt;0.001 higher in SBR group followed by Treat and CON groups. Thus, it can be concluded that supplementation of the customised supplement (@ 0.25% of BW) to CON diet significantly improved the voluntary feed intake and nutrient metabolism in crossbred calves.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the impact of antimicrobial use protocols in PRRS virus infected swine on phenotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carissa A. Odland ◽  
Roy Edler ◽  
Noelle R. Noyes ◽  
Scott A. Dee ◽  
Joel Nerem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

A longitudinal study was conducted to assess the impact of different antimicrobial exposures of nursery-phase pigs on patterns of phenotypic antimicrobial resistance in fecal indicator organisms throughout the growing phase. Based on practical approaches used to treat moderate to severe PRRSV-associated secondary bacterial infections, two antimicrobial protocols of differing intensity of exposure [44.1 and 181.5 animal-treatment days per 1000 animal days at risk (ATD)] were compared with a control group with minimal antimicrobial exposure (2.1 ATD). Litter-matched pigs (n = 108) with no prior antimicrobial exposure were assigned randomly to the treatment groups. Pen fecal samples were collected nine times during the wean-to-finish period and cultured for Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using NARMS gram-negative and gram-positive antibiotic panels. Despite up to 65-fold difference in ATD, few and modest differences were observed between groups and over time. Resistant patterns at marketing overall remained similar to those observed at weaning, prior to any antimicrobial exposures. Those differences observed could not readily be reconciled with the patterns of antimicrobial exposure. Resistance of E. coli to streptomycin was higher in the group exposed to 44.1 ATD, but no aminoglycosides were used. In all instances where resistance differed between time points, the higher resistance occurred early in the trial prior to any antimicrobial exposures. These minimal impacts on AMR despite substantially different antimicrobial exposures point to the lack of understanding of the drivers of AMR at the population level and the likely importance of factors other than antimicrobial exposure. IMPORTANCE Despite a recognized need for more longitudinal studies to assess the effects of antimicrobial use on resistance in food animals, they remain sparse in the literature, and most longitudinal studies of pigs have been observational. The current experimental study had the advantages of greater control of potential confounding, precise measurement of antimicrobial exposures which varied markedly between groups and tracking of pigs until market age. Overall, resistance patterns were remarkably stable between the treatment groups over time, and the differences observed could not be readily reconciled with the antimicrobial exposures, indicating the likely importance of other determinants of AMR at the population level.

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