scholarly journals The influence of the mixture of some plant powder with Anacardium occidentale shell liquid smoke on total bacteria and Escherichia coli in the ileum of broiler

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
T Pasaribu ◽  
T Kostaman ◽  
A Saenab
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plant Mixture ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Total Bacteria

Abstract Antibiotics/feed additives are commonly used in poultry rations to prevent disease, increase feed efficiency, and improve performance. Plants are the alternatives to replace antibiotics that are safe and without side effects for chicken meat consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of administration of a mixture of plant powder and Anacardium occidentale shell liquid smoke on the total bacteria and Escherichia coli in the broiler ileum. The plant mixture was: Phyllanthus niruri L. (PNP) powder: Anacardium occidentale shell liquid smoke (AOLS): Syzygium aromaticum leaf powder (SAP). The study used a Completely Randomized Design. In total, 80 one-day-old broiler chicks were allotted randomly into eight treatments with two replicates per treatment and 5 birds per replicate. The study with the following treatments: Control, Zn-Bacitracin 0.05%, T1 (1.25%: 0.125%: 0.313%), T2 (1.25%: 0.125%: 0.157%), T3 (0.625%: 0.125%: 0.157%). T4 (0.625%: 0.0625: 0.157%), T5 (0.313%: 0.0313: 0.625%), T6 (0.313%: 0.125%: 0.313%). To find out the total bacteria and Escherichia coli, the chicken is then slaughtered 2 hens per replicates to collect feces from the ileum. The results showed that the treatment of the mixture of PNP: AOLS: SAP was not significantly different (P>0.05) with Zn-bacitracin treatment on the total bacteria and Escherichia coli. However, the number of bacteria in T1 was lower than that of the Zn-bacitracin treatment, while the number of Escherichia coli in T1 was closer to the Zn-bacitracin treatment. It can be concluded that the PNP: AOLS: SAP (1.25%: 0.125%: 0.313%) mixture at T1 treatment has the potential as a natural antibiotic to replace Zn-bacitracin antibiotic in inhibiting total growth of bacteria and Escherichia coli in the ileum of broiler.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Sesame indicum Leaves on Haematology and Serum Parameters of Broiler Chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Olusegun S. Adedeji ◽  
Shola R. Amao ◽  
Kayode S. Olugbemiga
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Experimental Trials

Introduction: Various types of feed additives have been evaluated under commercial conditions and in experimental trials with the aim to achieve improvements on growth performance and the best economic return. Herbs, including Sesame indicum leaves, spices and various plant extracts/essential oils can be used as alternatives to replace antibiotic growth promoters as they are rich in phytochemicals (active compounds) that can be used to stimulate growth and health of the animals. The uses of all these herbs should be studied in relation to the blood and serum indices of the animals in order to determine their harmful level of consuming them by the animals. Therefore, the aim of the study is to determine the effect of different dietary inclusion levels of Sesame indicum leaves on haematology and serum parameters of broiler chickens at both starter and finisher phases. Methods: A total of one hundred and fifty 1-day old, unsexed (Marshal) broiler chicks were randomly divided into five experimental groups at rate of 30 birds per group. Each group was further subdivided into three replicates at the rate of ten chicks per replicate in a Complete Randomized Design. A maize-soybean basal diet served as control while the Sesame indicum leaves was added to the basal diets at level (0g, 10g, 20g, 30g and 40g/kg) resulting in five formulae, respectively. At the end of the 4th and 8th weeks respectively, six birds were randomly selected from each of the replicate and blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of birds for haematology and serum. Results: The results indicated that all the haematology and serum parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the different inclusion levels of S. indicum leaves but the value obtained were within the recommended range while birds fed with the diet containing 40g/kg of S. indicum leaves had the highest values. Conclusion: Inclusion of S. indicum leaves in the diets appear not to have detrimental effect on the haematology and serum parameters of the experimental birds. The study recommended that 40g/kg inclusion level be adopted as it improved growth performance and general well-being of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Use of feed additives in animal agriculture: gut response in broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
R. T. S. Ofongo - Abule ◽  
E. Etebu
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Animal Agriculture ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Gut Ph

Feed additives such as enzymes, probiotics, prebiotics and acidifiers are few examples of suitable alternatives to in – feed antibiotics in animal agriculture due to the ban of antibiotic use. However, the Nigerian poultry industry still experiences cases of antibiotic use. The gut benefits of alternatives to antibiotics often culminate in improved growth performance but there are or may be certain gut responses that attribute to the observed performance of poultry birds. In order to ascertain this, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of antibiotic administration and enzyme supplementation on gut pH and bacteria counts. One hundred and fifty day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed to three dietary treatments having five replicates and 10 birds per replicate. The experiment lasted forty – two (42) days and was arranged as a completely randomized design. A maize- soybean meal diet not supplemented with antibiotic or enzyme served as the control. Birds fed diet II had antibiotic (Dicoxin plus ®) administered to them. Birds fed diet III had their diets supplemented with enzyme (Roxazyme G2G®). Results indicated pH of the crop to be significantly (P<0.01) reduced by feed additive. The pH of the Ileum was least (5.65) under antibiotic administration but was not significantly different (p>0.05) different that of birds fed control and enzyme supplemented diet. Gizzard pH was acidic but not significantly (P>0.05) across all the treatments. Lactobacillus and Coliform counts were significant (P<0.05) affected by feed additive addition. It can be concluded that feed additive impact on gut pH can influence the type and population of bacteria present in the gastrointestinal tract.  

scholarly journals Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) oil in broiler chickens diet

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Augusto Lopez Aguilar ◽  
Kedson Raul de Souza Lima ◽  
Maria Cristina Manno ◽  
Jose Guilherme Soares Maia ◽  
Dario Lisboa Fernandes Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Rosewood oil (RO) on performance, carcass and commercial cut yields and microbiology of the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. Five hundred and forty one-day-old male broiler chicks were arranged in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six repetitions consisting of 15 broiler chicks each. The treatments were: inclusion levels of 0.00mL (0.00EO); 0.15mL (0.15 EO); 0.30mL (0.30 EO); 0.45mL (0.45 EO) and 0.60mL (0.60 EO) of RO/kg diet and control (commercial promoter virginiamycin). At 21 and 40 days old, no significant differences in body weight, feed intake, feed conversion and viability of birds were observed when comparing the controls with the different levels of inclusion of RO. The carcass yields of commercial cuts were not affected by treatments. The increased level of RO reduced the relative weight of the intestines. The broilers consuming growth promoter had the highest concentration of Escherichia coli in the intestinal contents, compared to 0.00 EO and 0.30 EO. It was concluded that, Rosewood oil does affect the performance and yield slaughter, but it does reduce the relative weight of the intestines. RO does not show a consistent antimicrobial activity in vivo against Escherichia coli.

scholarly journals Gambaran Histopatologi dan Populasi Bakteri Asam Laktat pada Duodenum Ayam Pedaging yang Diberi Sinbiotik dan Diinfeksi Escherichia coli (HISTOPATHOLOGY AND LACTIC ACID BACTERIA POPULATION IN DUODENUM WITH SINBIOTIC AND ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTED BROILER

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Muhammad Daud ◽  
Muhammad Aman Yaman ◽  
Zulfan Zulfan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The research aims to study the use of synbiotics as feed additives in rations on describe lesions histopathology and population of lactic acid bacteria in duodenum infected with Escherichia coli. The study used 96 broiler Jumbo series A Cibadak strains which were maintained until the age of six weeks. The study was conducted by experimental method, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with eight treatments of rations and four replications. The broilers were devided into eight treatment diets: R1 (basal diet/control), R2 (basal diet + prebiotic 0.4%); R3 (basal diet + probiotic 108 CFU); R4 (basal diet + prebiotic 0.4% + probiotic 108 CFU); R5 (basal diet + infected with E. coli 104 CFU); R6 (basal diet + prebiotic 0.4% + infected with E. coli 104 CFU); R7 (basal diet + probiotic 108 CFU + infected with E. coli 104 CFU); and R8 (basal diet + prebiotic 0.4% + probiotic 108 CFU + infected with E. coli 104 CFU). The observed variables were histopathology based on lesio microscopic and lactic acid bacteria population in duodenum age 2, 4 and 6 weeks. Data was analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance then continued with Duncan test. The results showed that the use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics significantly (P<0.05) decreased histopathological lesio score and increased the population of lactic acid bacteria in duodenum age 2, 4 and 6 weeks. In conclusion the use of synbiotics as feed additives in the ration a positive on describe lesions histopathological and increase in the population of lactic acid bacteria in duodenum age 2, 4 and 6 weeks infected and not infected with E. coli.

Meat and Bone Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Fed Groundnut Cake-Based Diets as Affected by Graded Dietary Supplements of Crystalline L- Lysine and DL- Methionine

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 846-852
Author(s):  
Olugbenga Adeniran Ogunwole ◽  
B. C Majekodunmi ◽  
R. A Faboyede ◽  
D. Ogunsiji
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Effects of supplemental dietary lysine and methionine in a Groundnut Cake (GNC) based diets on meat and bone characteristics of broiler chickens were investigated. In a completely randomized design, a total of 168 one - day – old Arbor acre broiler chicks were randomly allocated to seven dietary treatments each in triplicate of eight birds per replicate. The Seven starter and finishers’ diets were: GNC based diets without any amino acid (lysine or methionine) supplementation (T1); GNC diet + 0.2% lysine (T2); GNC diet + 0.4% lysine (T3); GNC diet + 0.2% methionine (T4); GNC diet + 0.4% methionine (T5); GNC diet + 0.2 lysine and 0.2% methionine (T6) and GNC diet + 0.4% lysine and 0.4% methionine (T7). Experimental diets and water were offered to birds ad libitum in an experiment lasting six-week. At day 42, two birds per replicate were slaughtered, meat and bone characteristics determined. There were significant variations (P<0.05) in the crude protein (%) and ether extract (%), pH1 and pH2 of meat. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances composition of meat at days 0, 5, and 10 were similar (P<0.05) and were not affected by dietary amino acid supplementation. Tibiotarsal index (mg/mm) of bone (22.10, 27.25, 33.35, 31.40, 28.70, 31.45 and 29.75 for broilers on T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7, respectively) were increased significantly (P<0.05) by amino acid supplementation. Significantly differences (P<0.05) were observed in the calcium, phosphorus and potassium (%) contents of broilers’ bone across treatments. Supplemental lysine and both lysine and methionine improved meat quality and bone development of broiler chickens in this study.

scholarly journals Performance, gut morphometry and enzymatic activity of broilers fed neonatal supplementation in housing

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 38423
Author(s):  
Tatiane Souza dos Santos ◽  
Adriano Barbieri ◽  
Robert Guaracy Aparecido Cardoso Araujo ◽  
Gustavo Do Valle Polycarpo ◽  
Daniela Felipe Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Intestinal Length ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Relative Organ Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective was to evaluate the performance, relative organ weight, morphometry, intestinal length and pancreatic enzyme activity of broilers receiving neonatal supplementation. A total of 900 Cobb 500 broiler chicks was housed in 30 boxes of 2.5 m². The treatments were divided in a completely randomized design with six replications, and consisted of five inclusion levels (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 grams per bird). The supplement used was based of amino acids, vitamins and minerals, which was provided on the ration on the first day in the housing. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS (2008) and when significant broken down using a polynomial regression. Due to the inclusion of the neonatal supplement in the period from one to seven and one to 21 days of age, the feed intake presented a linear effect and the weight gain, a quadratic effect. The relative weights of the gizzard and liver showed a quadratic effect, and the inclusions of 4.18 and 3.41 grams/bird provided the lowest weights, respectively. The jejunum villi height decreased with supplementation as well as the activity of pancreatic lipase. It can be concluded that neonatal supplementation benefited the performance of birds up to 21 days of age.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of Syzygium aromaticum L. essential oil on extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Mejía-Argueta ◽  
J. G. Santillán-Benítez ◽  
M. M. Canales-Martinez ◽  
A. Mendoza-Medellín
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background To test the antimicrobial potential of clove essential oil that has been less investigated on antimicrobial-resistant organisms (extended-spectrum β-lactamase-ESBL-producing Escherichia coli), we collected 135 ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains given that E. coli is the major organism increasingly isolated as a cause of complicated urinary and gastrointestinal tract infections, which remains an important cause of therapy failure with antibiotics for the medical sector. Then, in this study, we evaluated the relationship between the antibacterial potential activity of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil (EOSA) and the expression of antibiotic-resistant genes (SHV-2, TEM-20) in plasmidic DNA on ESBL-producing E. coli using RT-PCR technique. Results EOSA was obtained by hydrodistillation. Using Kirby-Baüer method, we found that EOSA presented a smaller media (mean = 15.59 mm) in comparison with chloramphenicol (mean = 17.73 mm). Thus, there were significant differences (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, EOSA had an antibacterial activity, particularly on ECB132 (MIC: 10.0 mg/mL and MBC: 80.0 mg/mL), and a bacteriostatic effect by bactericidal kinetic. We found that the expression of antibiotic-resistant gene blaTEM-20 was 23.52% (4/17 strains) and no expression of blaSHV-2. EOSA presented such as majority compounds (eugenol, caryophyllene) using the GC–MS technique. Conclusions Plant essential oils and their active ingredients have potentially high bioactivity against a different target (membranes, cytoplasm, genetic material). In this research, EOSA might become an important adjuvant against urinary and gastrointestinal diseases caused by ESBL-producing E. coli.

scholarly journals The Effects of Turnip (Brassica rapa) Extract on the Growth Performance and Health of Broilers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
Reza Eghbaldost-Jadid ◽  
Mehran Nosrati ◽  
Behrouz Rasouli ◽  
Alireza Seidavi ◽  
Clive J. C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Four Levels

There are concerns about inclusion of antibiotics in the feed of broiler chickens, because of the development of antibiotic resistance, leading to a search for alternative feed additives. Turnip extract is known to have antibacterial properties but has not been tested in the diet of broiler chickens. We allocated 200 broiler chicks to receive one of four levels of turnip extract in their water, 0, 150, 300 or 450 ppm, or a standard antibiotic, Virginiamycin, over a 42-day growing period. Although initially there were detrimental effects of providing 450 ppm, overall the 150 ppm level of supplementation increased weight gain, compared with birds given Virginiamycin, and decreased gizzard weight. Birds given 150 ppm or Virginiamycin had increased low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and reduced very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) in their blood serum and reduced antibody responses to sheep red blood cells, compared to birds in the 450 ppm treatment. Birds given turnip extract at 450 ppm had fewer Gram-negative lactose and coliform bacteria than those provided with no turnip extract, and those provided with 150–300 ppm had the same as those provided with Virginiamycin. Turnip extract could potentially replace antibiotics included in the feed of broiler chickens for growth promotion and the control of bacterial infection of the gastrointestinal tract.

Screening of Commercial and Pecan Shell–Extracted Liquid Smoke Agents as Natural Antimicrobials against Foodborne Pathogens

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1148-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELLEN J. VAN LOO ◽  
D. BABU ◽  
PHILIP G. CRANDALL ◽  
STEVEN C. RICKE
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Natural Antimicrobials ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Smoke Sample

Liquid smoke extracts have traditionally been used as flavoring agents, are known to possess antioxidant properties, and serve as natural alternatives to conventional antimicrobials. The antimicrobial efficacies of commercial liquid smoke samples may vary depending on their source and composition and the methods used to extract and concentrate the smoke. We investigated the MICs of eight commercial liquid smoke samples against Salmonella Enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The commercial liquid smoke samples purchased were supplied by the manufacturer as water-based or concentrated extracts of smoke from different wood sources. The MICs of the commercial smokes to inhibit the growth of foodborne pathogens ranged from 0.5 to 6.0% for E. coli, 0.5 to 8.0% for Salmonella, and 0.38 to 6% for S. aureus. The MIC for each liquid smoke sample was similar in its effect on both E. coli and Salmonella. Solvent-extracted antimicrobials prepared using pecan shells displayed significant differences between their inhibitory concentrations depending on the type of solvent used for extraction. The results indicated that the liquid smoke samples tested in this study could serve as effective natural antimicrobials and that their inhibitory effects depended more on the solvents used for extraction than the wood source.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Shobha Kl ◽  
Amita Shobha Rao ◽  
Pai Ksr ◽  
Sujatha Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of leaves of Anacardium occidentale (A. occidentale) against microorganisms including multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Methods: Agar well diffusion method was employed to demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of leaves A. occidentale. Ethanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves were used against microorganisms, which included American type culture collection strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans, MDR Escherichia coli, and MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results: The ethanolic extract of leaves of A. occidentale showed significant antimicrobial activity. Aqueous extract had mild antifungal activity. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of leaves of A. occidentale could be a good source for the antibacterials to combat MDR bacterial infections. Further studies are necessary for these potent plant extracts to evaluate the in vivo efficacy and toxicity.

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