Process Tracing

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Jochem Rietveld ◽  
Seda Gürkan
Keyword(s):  
Causal Chain ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Theory Testing ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Causal Process ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Develop Theory ◽  
Independent Variable

This chapter illustrates process-tracing (PT), which is a qualitative within-case data analysis technique used to identify causal relations. Although there are several distinct definitions of the PT method, scholars largely agree that the process-tracing method attempts to identify the intervening causal process (or the causal chain or causal mechanism) between an independent variable and the dependent variable. The PT method can be used for theory testing and theory-building. When it is applied to theory testing, a hypothetical causal mechanism is tested against empirical evidence. The research goal is to test whether a theorized mechanism is present in a given case, or whether the mechanism functions as expected in the selected case. When tracing is applied to theory-building, the goal is to identify causal processes for which there is no available prior theoretical hypothesis in the literature. Here, the aim of the research is to develop theory.

scholarly journals Participatory Budgeting: Case Study of Possible Causes of Failures

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Soukop ◽  
Pavel Šaradín ◽  
Markéta Zapletalová
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Theory Testing ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Domino Effect ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Know How

Participatory budgeting is perhaps the most widespread and popular form of democratic innovation (DI). It is often identified as an appropriate tool to deepen the democracy at the local level. The text shows that this is not always the case, as some elected officials may use it as a innovation “façade” or its design suffers from various forms of imperfections leading to its failure to be implemented. The authors focus on the practice of participatory budgeting and its failures in the Czech Republic. Through the empirical testing of causal mechanism, the article reveals the main causes of that failure, in the case of its implementation in Prague 7 borough. The mechanism presented is based on the theory-testing minimal process-tracing design in which part of the findings of the previous research have been tested. It also attempts to support empirically only the significant steps of the mechanism between cause and outcome. In particular, the three scope conditions are tested: political support, sufficient funding for participatory budgeting and the existence of a source of know-how. Authors conclude that in the selected case, there was a domino effect of failure, with successive failures in all observed conditions, which ultimately led to a complete brake of causal mechanism and failure of participatory budgeting tool.

Quiet unintended transitions? Neo-Durkheimian explanation of institutional change

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perri 6
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Organisational Change ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Causal Process ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to resolve a puzzle in the explanation of organisational change, where change appears to be within-form but results unintendedly in a transition between forms, yet first appearances suggest the absence of “noise” of the kind expected during shifts between forms. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses qualitative analysis of primary archival and secondary sources on an historical case, analysing the data by coding using categories derived from neo-Durkheimian institutional theory. It examines the case of the cabinet, treated as an organisation, in the British government led by premier Harold Macmillan between 1959 and 1963, when a strategy for increasing hierarchy resulted unintendedly in an isolation dynamic. Findings – It demonstrates that the neo-Durkheimian institutional approach can explain such puzzling cases. Appropriately for a special issue in honour of Mars’ work, it shows that his method of following rule violation and an adapted version of his concept of capture can provide a method of causal process tracing and a causal mechanism for resolving the puzzle. Research limitations/implications – The argument is presented for purposes of theory development, not testing. It examines a single case study in depth. Social implications – The findings demonstrate some of the risks which arise in changing informal institutional ordering, especially within decision-making executives, from the process by which informal institutions shape styles of judgement and decisions driven by those styles then feed back upon those executive bodies. Originality/value – This is the first examination of puzzling unintended between-form transitions, the first to propose an adaptation of Mars’ concept of capture to resolve such puzzles and the first detailed causal process tracing analysis of such a case using neo-Durkheimian institutional theoretic tools. It therefore offers a significant advance in institutional explanation of organisational change.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI KOMPETENSI SOSIAL GURU TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Saparuddin Saparuddin ◽  
Markas Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Social ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan memberikan gambaran tentang bagaimana impelementasi kompetensi sosial guru terhadap motivasi belajar siswa Smp Negeri 3 Bungin Kec. Bungin Kab. Enrekang. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah Observasi, wawancara dan Angket. Tekhnik Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif Dalam penelitian ini terdapat dua variabel yang akan diteliti yaitu: Variabel bebas yaitu kompetensi sosial guru dan Variabel terikat yaitu motivasi belajar siswa. Jumlah sampel ialah 22 orang dari 220 populasi. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah Observasi, wawancara dan Angket. kompetensi sosial guru merupakan seperangkat penguasaan, pengetahuan dan kemampuan yang harus dimiliki guru agar dapat melaksanakan tugas-tugas pokok sebagai seorang guru dan  bertanggungjawab dalam mendidik. Cara meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa antara lain Pemberian Nilai pemberian ulangan dan kerja kelompok. Melihat implementasi kompetensi sosial guru untuk meningkatkan  motivasi belajar siswa sudah berhasilan dalam bidang pendidikan, guru diharapkan mampu  menjadi pigur dalam memajukan  lembaga pendidikan agar siswa termotivasi untuk melakukan perubaha-perubahan dalam memajukan lembaganya pendidikan kedepannya.Kata Kunci: Kompetensi Sosial, Guru,  Motivasi Belajar SiswaABSTRACTThis study was analyzed with descriptive qualitative is purpose which to give an overview of how the implementation the social competence of teachers to students' motivation Smp Negeri 3 Bungin Kec. Bungin Kab. Enrekang. The collection techniques in this study is observation, interview and questionnaire. Inquiry analysis technique used quantitative descriptive analysis In this research there are two variables that will be studied are: The independent variable is the social competence of teachers and the dependent variable is the students' motivation. The number of samples was 22 people from to 220 population. The Inquiry collection techniques in this study is observation, interview and questionnaire. social competence of teachers is a set of mastery, knowledge and abilities that should be owned by teachers in order to carry out basic tasks as a teacher and in charge of educating. How to improve students' motivation, among others Grading Award replicates and group work. See the implementation of the social competence of teachers to improve students' motivation has been success in the field of education, teachers are expected to be pigur in advancing educational institutions so that students are motivated to do perubaha-change in advancing the educational institutions in the future.Keywords: Social Competence, Teacher, Student Motivation

scholarly journals The Influence Of International Brand Image Toward Guest's Decision To Stay At The Four Star Hotel In Lampung

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Dina Mayasari Soewoyo ◽  
Handono W Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Brand Image ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Decision To Stay ◽  
Decisions To Stay

<div class="WordSection1"><p>This survey research using the quantitative method was carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic, from May to August 2020 at the 4-star hotel in Lampung Province, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the independent variable, namely the image of the international hotel brand toward the dependent variable of guests' decisions to stay at the hotel. Primary data of the study were obtained from the results of distributing questionnaires which were carried out directly to 60 guests who were staying, as research samples and measured using a Likert scale of 1 - 4. Apart from distributing questionnaires, research data collection was also gained through observation, documentation, and literature review. All data collected were then grouped, reduced, tabulated and processed, analyzed descriptively, and statistically, in accordance with the context of the problem being studied using the SPSS 22.0 software tool.</p><p>Based on the simple linear regression analysis technique T-test (partial), R test and R square test, it was found that the value of T count (9,048) was greater than the T table (1,671), with a significance value of 0 or below the significance limit of 0.05. Both variables have a correlation coefficient of 0.765 and a coefficient of determination of 0.585. So it can be concluded that the international hotel brand image has a strong, positive, and significant influence on guest decisions to stay at the 4-star hotel in Lampung, with an effect of 58.5% while the rest, namely 41.5%, is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.</p></div><br clear="all" /><p><em> </em></p>

scholarly journals JUMLAH DANA ZAKAT DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR MAKROEKONOMI YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 743
Author(s):  
Kiki Novitasari ◽  
Suherman Rosyidi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Production Index ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Saturated Sample ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Sample Method ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to know the impact of macroeconomic indicators changes toward the total amount of collected zakah in BAZNAS during the period 2012-2016. This study uses qualitative approach by using liniear regression analysis technique. Futhermore dependent variable used in this study is the amount of zakah, while the independent variable are inflation, gold price, money supply and industrial production index. The determination of sampling uses non probability sampling with saturated sample method, on the other hand, the whole population was used as the sample of this study. Moreover, the data used in this study is secondary data.

scholarly journals Hubungan Keseimbangan dan Koordinasi Mata Kaki Terhadap Kemampuan Menggiring Bola dalam Permainan Futsal Klub Karsa Utama Putri Wajo

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hasbillah ◽  
Herman Herman
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Correlational Research ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Relationship

This research aims to determine the relationship between balanced and the ability to dribble, the relationship between eye-foot coordination and the ability to dribble, and the relationship between balanced and eye-foot coordination on the ability todribble in futsal game Karsa Utama Putri Wajo’s club. The research was correlational research, with the independent variable was balanced and eye-foot coordination, while the dependent variable was the ability to dribble. The population of theresearch was Karsa Utama Putri Wajo's club players and the sampling technique used was total sampling technique with the total sample was 25 players. The analysis technique used was descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis. The results showed that 1)There was a significant relationship between balanced and the ability to dribble in Karsa Utama Putri Wajo's club players with a correlation value (r) = 0,738. 2) There was asignificant relationship between eye-foot coordination on the ability to dribble in Karsa Utama Putri Wajo's club players with a correlation value (r) = 0,553. 3) There was asignificant relationship between balanced and eye-foot coordination on the ability to dribble in Karsa Utama Putri Wajo's club player swith a correlation value (r)=0.823,and a coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.677 or equal to 67,7%. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between balanced and coordination of the ankle son the ability to dribble in futsal game of Karsa Utama Putri Wajo's club.

scholarly journals Analisis Kinerja Anggaran Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Selatan Dengan Pendekatan Konsep Value For Money

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Periansya Periansya ◽  
Dendy Pratama ◽  
Rosi Armaini
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Selection Technique ◽  
A Value ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Independent Variable

This research is intended as an effort to analyze the budget performance of Regional Apparatus Organizations in South Sumatra Province with a value for money concept approach. This study consisted of the dependent variable, namely the performance of the regional apparatus organization budget, while the independent variable consisted of transparency, accountability, and supervision. The data used in this research is the result of distributing questionnaires to selected respondents in 21 Regional Apparatus Organizations. The sample selection technique used purposive sampling, while the data analysis technique used multiple linear regression. The results of the analysis and discussion of hypothesis testing show that partially transparency, accountability, and supervision have a positive and significant effect on-budget performance, including simultaneously also showing a positive and significant effect on-budget performance, but it is necessary to increase budget performance, this shows that the R2 value is 0.446. or 44.6%.

scholarly journals Patterns of testing theory with human subjects: A design science perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Enwereuzo ◽  
Pedro Antunes ◽  
David Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Theory Testing ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Evaluation Strategy ◽  
Testing Theory ◽  
Analyze Data

© 2019 Association for Information Systems. All rights reserved. This paper addresses the challenges of theory testing. Adopting the design science paradigm, we address this challenge by delimiting the line that separates theory building from theory testing by conceptually characterizing its essential aspects: the relationships between humans, organizations and technology, which led to the development of a conceptual framework for theory testing. Practically, the methods, processes, instruments, and tools needed to acquire and analyze data for theory testing is considered, leading to the development of a pattern system. Card sorting was used as an evaluation strategy for the conceptual framework and the pattern model.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Motivasi Kerja, dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Personil Polisi Bidokkes Polda Kalimantan Selatan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriadi Noor ◽  
Titien Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
The South ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Leadership Motivation ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Independent Variable

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of motivational leadership and job satisfaction on the performance of South Kalimantan Police Biddokes personnel. The benefits obtained from this study are providing input or additional information that is meaningful to organizations, companies and further research on leadership, motivation, and job satisfaction with employee performance as a reference for further research.This research variable consists of indentpent variables and dependent variables. The independent variable consists of leadership, motivation and job satisfaction. Whereas the dependent variable consists of employee performance. The analysis technique used is multiple regression (multiple regression) with the help of SPSS 20.0 software.The results of the Leadership, Work Motivation, and Job Satisfaction research of the South Kalimantan Police of Biddokkes went well. Leadership, work motivation, and job satisfaction have a partial effect on the performance of the South Kalimantan Regional Police Biddokkes. Leadership, work motivation, and job satisfaction simultaneously influence the performance of the South Kalimantan Police Biddokkes. Leadership has a dominant effect on the performance of the South Kalimantan Regional Police Biddokkes compared to work motivation and job satisfaction.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Celebrity Endorser Dan Brand Image Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Shampoo Clear

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Natalia Junni Kalangi ◽  
Lucky F. Tamengkel ◽  
Olivia F. C. Walangitan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Celebrity Endorser ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Positive Effect

This study aims to determine: (1) the effect of celebrity endorsement on purchasing decisions for Clear brand shampoo, (2) the effect of brand image on purchasing decisions up to Clear brand, and (3) the influence of celebrity endorse and brand image on Clear shampoo shampoo purchase decisions.This study uses a quantitative approach bycollecting data through survey methods. This study also uses a purposive sampling technique based on certain characteristics. The sample in this study were 100 people of the Wenang sub-district of Manado city. Data collection techniques using questionnaires that have been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis technique used to answer the hypothesis is multiple regression.The results of this study indicate that: (1) Celebrity endorse has a positive effect on purchasing decisions, evidenced by the value of t count of 2.186 with a significance value of 0.031, smaller than 0.05 and the regression coefficient has a positive value of 0.340; (2) Brand image has a positive effect onpurchasing decisions, evidenced from the value of t count of 4.346 with a significance value of 0,000, smaller than 0.05 and the regression coefficient has a positive value of 0.749, and (3) Celebrity endorsers and brand images have a positive effect against purchasing decisions, as evidenced by the results of F count of 29,446 with a significance of 0,000. The adjusted R square value of 0.378 indicates that the ability of the independent variable in explaining the variation of the dependent variable is 37.80%, and the remaining 62.20% is explained by other variables outside the research model.

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