Abstract 12725: Smokers Are Aware of Their Health Risk

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisako Tsuji ◽  
Yohei Oishi ◽  
Yuzo Akita ◽  
Ichiro Shiojima
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Health Checkup ◽  
Cessation Rate ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Promote Smoking Cessation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Cv Disease

Background: Health checkup results, even if 12-lead ECG and chest X-ray are included, usually do not reflect risk of smoking and it may lead smokers to continue smoking. Therefore, to show specific risk amount of smoking, 10-year cardiovascular (CV) risks were calculated with and without smoking at the same level of other risk factors and the information was sent to the smokers. Smoking cessation rate was compared between smokers with and without the information. Methods: In subjects who had the annual health checkup offered to adult citizens of Moriguchi city, Osaka, Japan in 2018, the brochure which included the 2 values of 10-year CV risks calculated by the Framingham risk score (2008) based on the results of the health checkup was sent to male smokers aged 40 between 74 with no history of CV disease and the 10-year CV risk between 10% and 40%. Male smokers with the same condition were extracted from subjects who had the annual health checkup in 2017 as the control subjects. Smoking cessation was evaluated at the health checkup next year. Results: The brochure was sent to 499 smokers in 2018 and 344 of those received the health checkup in 2019. The 10-year CV risk of smokers was 1.80±0.05 times higher than that of non-smokers at the same level of other risk factors. As the control subjects, 568 smokers were extracted from 2017 checkup and 407 of those received the health checkup in 2018. Clinical characteristics of the 2018 checkup (n=344) and the 2017 checkup (n=407) groups were similar in terms of age, clinical risk factors, duration of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked per day. Smoking cessation rate of the 2018 checkup group next year was 7.0% while that of the 2017 checkup group was 7.1%. By the logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, duration of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked per day, smoking cessation rate of the 2018 checkup group was not higher than that of the 2017 checkup group (odds ratio=0.97, 95% confidence interval=0.55 to 1.71, p=0.9131). Conclusions: Showing specific amount of risk by smoking was not helpful for smoking cessation. Most smokers seem to be aware of the risk. To promote smoking cessation, interventions such as increased price of cigarette and/or limitation of smoking area may be more practical than emphasizing health hazards of smoking.

scholarly journals Is there a link between glucose levels and heart failure? An update

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaldo Schainberg ◽  
Antônio Ribeiro-Oliveira Jr. ◽  
José Marcio Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
The Relationship

It has been well documented that there is an increased prevalence of standard cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in association with diabetes and with diabetes-related abnormalities. Hyperglycemia, in particular, also plays an important role. Heart failure (HF) has become a frequent manifestation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals with diabetes mellitus. Epidemiological studies suggest that the effect of hyperglycemia on HF risk is independent of other known risk factors. Analysis of datasets from populations including individuals with dysglycemia suggests the pathogenic role of hyperglycemia on left ventricular function and on the natural history of HF. Despite substantial epidemiological evidence of the relationship between diabetes and HF, data from available interventional trials assessing the effect of a glucose-lowering strategy on CV outcomes are limited. To provide some insight into these issues, we describe in this review the recent important data to understand the natural course of CV disease in diabetic individuals and the role of hyperglycemia at different times in the progression of HF.

Assessment of microalbuminuria and ankle-brachial index in outpatients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics - a possible predictors of cardiovascular disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1436-1436
Author(s):  
R. Malý ◽  
D. Kalnická ◽  
J. Masopust ◽  
K. Minářová ◽  
M. Vašatová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Excess Morbidity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Status ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Schizophrenia and related psychoses are associated with excess morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular (CV) disease. Microalbuminuria (MA) is associated with an increased risk of CV disease and mortality. This association is independent of other known CV risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, and impaired renal function. The ankle brachial index (ABI), which is the ratio of systolic pressure at the ankle to that in the arm, is quick and easy to measure and has been used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of peripheral artery disease. Low ABI has been related to an increased incidence of total and CV mortality and CV events. The objective of prospective pilot study was to determine MA and ABI as well as the prevalence of CV risk factors (glucose tolerance status, lipids levels, obesity, hypertension, smoking) and assessment of Framingham risk score in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotic drugs. The study included thirty-three outpatient subjects (female, n = 16), aged 21–66 years. The exclusion criteria included urinary infection and presence of diabetes mellitus. Three patients (7,7%) has abnormal (>26 mg/d) levels of MA, non of ABI.In conclusion, stratification by MA can help identify a high-risk subset of nondiabetic patients with schizophrenia in risk of CV events.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Acquisition of Endemic Blastomycosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxym Choptiany ◽  
Lyle Wiebe ◽  
Bill Limerick ◽  
Pete Sarsfield ◽  
Mary Cheang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Collagen Vascular Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
History Of ◽  
Outdoor Worker ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: Blastomycosis is potentially fatal, but environmental risk factors for acquiring blastomycosis are not well established.METHOD: Matched cross-sectional questionnaire of 112 patients with history of blastomycosis and 118 control subjects in Manitoba and northwestern Ontario.RESULTS: The most common tissues involved with blastomycosis were pulmonary, skin and soft tissues, and bone. A significantly greater proportion of patients with blastomycosis than control subjects were involved in outdoor occupations. A significantly greater percentage of patients with blastomycosis were immunosuppressed either from collagen vascular disease or immunosuppressive therapy, or had hypothyroidism. A significant association between canine and human blastomycosis was not observed.CONCLUSIONS: Independent risk factors for development of blastomycosis included immunosuppression for any reason (including drugs or disease), collagen vascular disease, being an outdoor worker, and having a coworker with blastomycosis. Canine blastomycosis was not a risk factor for human disease in dog owners.

scholarly journals Study of risk factors among stroke patients in a tertiary hospital of Northern India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Onkar Nath Rai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of the study was to find out the incidence of different types of strokes and the associated risk factors and to establish the role of different investigations in patients of stroke.Methods: The study dealt with 100 patients of stroke who were admitted to B. R. D. Medical College, Gorakhpur, India. Each patient was analyzed in detail about clinical presentation and the investigations were aimed to establish the pathologic type of stroke and estimation of risk factors.Results: Stroke incidence was more in males (Male: Female= 1.43:1). Maximum incidence of stroke was in 6th decade (32%) followed by 7th decade (30%). Among modifiable risk factors, history of hypertension was the commonest (51%) followed by smoking (36% patients) exclusively, found in males. Hemiparesis was the most common presentation (95%) followed by altered sensorium (55%). Chest X-ray was abnormal in 16% patients, abnormal ECG was found in 27% patients and abnormal lipid values were found in 54 patients.Conclusions: Apart from control of hypertension and diabetes, abnormal lipid profile remains an important modifiable risk factor for stroke.

Managing Cardiovascular Risk Factors without Medications: What is the Evidence?

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibu P. Saha ◽  
Melissa A. Banks ◽  
Thomas F. Whayne Jr
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lifestyle Change ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Lifestyle Change ◽  
Cv Disease

: In this era of potent medications and interventional cardiovascular (CV) procedures, the importance of beginning with and including therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC) is frequently forgotten. A major goal of this review article is to show and emphasize that modification of CV risk with nonmedication approaches makes an essential contribution to CV risk reduction. Available information on TLC and modifiable CV risk factors was reviewed and assessed. Modifiable major CV risk factors include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, tobacco abuse, obesity, stress, and sedentary lifestyle. Age as a major CV risk factor is, of course, not susceptible to modification. A contribution to the control of CV risk factors can occur without the start of medications and there is proof of benefit for beginning with a nonpharmacological approach. TLC can benefit all of the major modifiable CV risk factors and there is good evidence for the additional benefit of supervised and group TLC. TLC includes physical activity, diet, and smoking cessation. Evidence for the benefit of TLC in reducing CV disease events is well established. However, medications must be added in those patients with higher CV risk to obtain maximum cholesterol reduction (lower is better for the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and good blood pressure control. The benefit of TLC is frequently forgotten in this era of potent medications and invasive procedures. The benefits of diet and physical activity are emphasized with supporting data. Many motivated patients can prolong their lives significantly by dedication to TLC. •Therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC) especially encompasses increased physical activity, healthy diet, and smoking cessation. •There is extensive proof for the benefit of TLC in contributing to cardiovascular (CV) disease prevention. •CV disease has strong metabolic and inflammatory components, both of which can be improved by TLC.

scholarly journals The E23K variant in the Kir6.2 subunit of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel does not augment impaired glucose tolerance in Caribbean subjects with a family history of type 2 diabetes

2005 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidum Ezenwaka ◽  
Risha Kalloo ◽  
Mathias Uhlig ◽  
Robert Schwenk ◽  
Juergen Eckel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
History Of

The E23K variant of the Kir6.2 gene has been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Caucasian subjects. Because offspring of type 2 diabetic patients have a genetically increased risk of developing diabetes, we sought to identify the E23K variant of the Kir6.2 gene in offspring of Caribbean patients with type 2 diabetes and assess the contribution of this variant to impaired glucose tolerance in these subjects. Forty-six offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes and 39 apparently healthy subjects whose immediate parents were not diabetic (‘control’) were studied after an overnight fast. Anthropometric indices were measured and blood samples were collected. Fasting and 2 h plasma glucose, insulin and lipids were subsequently determined. Insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostatic model assessment technique. The offspring and control subjects had similar frequencies of the E23K polymorphism (52.6 vs 45.5%, P>0.05) and the frequency of the E23K variant did not differ significantly between gender and ethnic distributions, irrespectively of a family history of diabetes (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in biochemical risk factors for developing diabetes in offspring carriers of the E23K variant compared with offspring non-carriers of the mutation. Offspring with the E23K mutation had even significantly higher 2 h insulin concentrations when compared with control subjects. It is concluded that the presence of the Kir6.2 E23K genotype in Caribbean subjects with an immediate positive family history of diabetes does not confer significantly higher levels of biochemical risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes.

P3823Body mass index or waist and hip circumference as predictors of outcome in the UK biobank

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Pellicori ◽  
B Stanley ◽  
S Iliodromiti ◽  
C A Celis-Morales ◽  
D M Lyall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Controversies exist about the relationship between body habitus and mortality, especially for patients with cardiovascular disease. Purpose We evaluated the relations between different anthropometric indices and mortality amongst participants with and without cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, or established CV disease (stroke, myocardial infarction and/or heart failure), enrolled in the UK Biobank. Methods The UK Biobank is a large prospective study which, between 2006 and 2010, enrolled 502,620 participants aged 38–73 years. Participants filled questionnaires and had a medical history recorded, physical measurements done and biological samples taken. The UK Biobank is routinely linked to national death registries and updated on a quarterly basis. Data on death were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10). The primary end-point was all-cause mortality (ACM) across three subgroups of men and women: those with, or without, one or more CV risk factors (smoking, diabetes and/or hypertension), and those with CV disease (history of stroke, myocardial infarction and/or heart failure) at recruitment. Presence, or absence, of CV risk factors and diagnoses of CV disease were self-reported by participants at enrolment. Associations between anthropometric indices (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHiR), and waist to height ratio (WHeR)) and the risk of all-cause mortality were analysed using Cox regression models. Results After excluding those with history of cancer at baseline (n=45,222), 453,046 participants were included (median age: 58 (interquartile range: 50 - 63) years; 53% women), of whom 150,732 had at least one CV risk factor, and 17,884 established CV disease. During a median follow-up of 5 years, 6,319 participants died. Baseline BMI had a U-shaped relationship with ACM, with higher nadir-values for those with CV risk factors or CV disease, for both sexes (figure). WC, WHiR and WHeR (measures of central distribution of body fat) had more linear associations with ACM, regardless of CV risk factors, CV disease and sex. Conclusions For adults with or without CV risk factors or established CV disease, measures of central distribution of body fat are more strongly and more linearly associated with ACM than BMI. WC, or WHiR, rather than BMI, appear to be more appropriate variables for risk stratification.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Cardiac Risk Factors in Men with Localized Prostate Cancer Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy in British Columbia, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot K. Davis ◽  
Jennifer L. Rajala ◽  
Scott Tyldesley ◽  
Tom Pickles ◽  
Sean A. Virani
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Localized Prostate Cancer ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Cv Disease

Background.While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) reduces the risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality in high-risk localized prostate cancer, it adversely affects cardiovascular (CV) risk factor profiles in treated men.Methods.We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 100 consecutive men with intermediate- or high-risk localized prostate cancer referred to the British Columbia Cancer Agency for ADT. Data on CV risk factors and disease were collected and Framingham risk scores were calculated.Results. The median age of the study cohort was 73 years. Established cardiovascular disease was present in 25% of patients. Among patients without established CV disease, calculated Framingham risk was high in 65%, intermediate in 33%, and low in 1%. Baseline hypertension was present in 58% of patients, dyslipidemia in 51%, and diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance in 24%. Hypertension was more prevalent in the study cohort than in an age- and sex-matched population sample (OR 1.74,P=0.006); diabetes had a similar prevalence (OR 0.93,P=0.8).Conclusions.Patients receiving ADT have a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease and risk factors and are more likely to be hypertensive than population controls. Low rates of CV risk screening suggest opportunities for improved primary and secondary prevention of CV disease in this population.

scholarly journals Predictive Value of Measures of Vascular Calcification Burden and Progression for Risk of Death in Incident to Dialysis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Antonio Bellasi ◽  
Luca Di Lullo ◽  
Domenico Russo ◽  
Roberto Ciarcia ◽  
Michele Magnocavallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: Vascular calcification (VC) is a marker of cardiovascular (CV) disease and various methods allow for presence and extension assessment in different arterial districts. Nevertheless, it is currently unclear which one of these methods for VC evaluation best predict outcome and if this piece of information adds to the predictive value of traditional CV risk factors in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). Methods: data of 184 of the 466 patients followed in the Independent study (NCT00710788) were post hoc examined to assess the association three concurrent measures of vascular calcification and all-cause survival. Specifically, coronary artery calcification (CAC) was determined by the Agatston and the volume score while abdominal aorta calcification was determined by plain X-ray of the lumbar spine (Kauppila score (KS)). Survival and regression models as well as metrics of risk recalculation were used to test the association of VC and outcome beyond the Framingham risk score. Results: Middle-age (62.6(15.8) years) men (51%) and women (49%) starting HD were analyzed. Over 36 (median 36; interquartile range: 8–36) months of follow-up 69 patients expired. Each measure of VC (CAC or KS) predicted all-cause mortality independently factors commonly associated with all-cause survival (p < 0.001). Far more importantly, each measurement of VC significantly improved risk prediction and patient reclassification (p < 0.001) beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions: Overall, presence and extension of VC, irrespective of the arterial site, predict risk of all-cause of death in patients starting hemodialysis. Of note, both CAC and KS increase risk stratification beyond traditional CV risk factors. However, future efforts are needed to assess whether a risk-based approach encompassing VC screening to guide HD patient management improves survival.

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