Meniscal injuries: evaluation and management � current review

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

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Non-invasive ultrasound-based imaging of atherosclerosis

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000747 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 126-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mathias Kaspar ◽

Iris Baumgartner ◽

Daniel Staub ◽

Heinz Drexel ◽

Christoph Thalhammer

Keyword(s):

Large Population ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Scientific Work ◽

Flow Mediated Dilation ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Grey Scale ◽

Current Review ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

Contrast Enhanced

Abstract. Early detection of vascular damage in atherosclerosis and accurate assessment of cardiovascular risk factors are the basis for appropriate treatment strategies in cardiovascular medicine. The current review focuses on non-invasive ultrasound-based methods for imaging of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction is an accepted early manifestation of atherosclerosis. The most widely used technique to study endothelial function is non-invasive, flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery under high-resolution ultrasound imaging. Although an increased intima-media thickness value is associated with future cardiovascular events in several large population studies, systematic use is not recommended in clinical practice for risk assessment of individual persons. Carotid plaque analysis with grey-scale median, 3-D ultrasound or contrast-enhanced ultrasound are promising techniques for further scientific work in prevention and therapy of generalized atherosclerosis.

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State of the Art on Carbonic Anhydrase Modulators for Biomedical Purposes

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867325666180622120625 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (15) ◽

pp. 2558-2573 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Murat Bozdag ◽

Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz Altamimi ◽

Daniela Vullo ◽

Claudiu T. Supuran ◽

Fabrizio Carta

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Hydration Reaction ◽

Carbonic Anhydrases ◽

Crucial Importance ◽

Learning Impairments ◽

Current Review ◽

Potential Use

The current review is intended to highlight recent advances in the search of new and effective modulators of the metalloenzymes Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) expressed in humans (h). CAs reversibly catalyze the CO2 hydration reaction, which is of crucial importance in the regulation of a plethora of fundamental processes at cellular level as well as in complex organisms. The first section of this review will be dedicated to compounds acting as activators of the hCAs (CAAs) and their promising effects on central nervous system affecting pathologies mainly characterized from memory and learning impairments. The second part will focus on the emerging chemical classes acting as hCA inhibitors (CAIs) and their potential use for the treatment of diseases.

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Edible Nuts for Memory

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200806095649 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (37) ◽

pp. 4712-4720

Author(s):

Jamshed Arslan ◽

Anwar-ul-Hassan Gilani ◽

Humaira Jamshed ◽

Sumaiya F. Khan ◽

Mohammad A. Kamal

Keyword(s):

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Memory Loss ◽

Brazil Nut ◽

Current Review ◽

Alternate Therapy ◽

Sodium Magnesium ◽

Copper Zinc ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Multiple Health

Nuts hold prime significance throughout the world as they offer multiple health benefits owing to their highly nutritious profile. A number of scientific studies have demonstrated their actions against inflammation, oxidative damage, the aging process, as well as dementia or memory loss. However, only walnuts, followed by almonds, hazelnuts and pistachios, have shown promising results in empirical studies for memory improvements. So, the current review focuses on presenting hypotheses regarding anti-dementia property of nine different nuts: almond, walnut, pistachio, Brazil nut, peanut, pecans, cashew, hazelnut, and chestnut. The nutritious profile of nuts contains essential fats (mostly mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids), proteins (source for arginine, lysine and tryptophan), vitamins (riboflavin, folate, and various tocopherols), fibers, minerals (calcium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium) and trace elements (copper, zinc, and selenium). Interestingly, the constituents of natural products, nuts being an excellent example, work synergistically and/or in a side-effect neutralizing manner. These latter properties can make nuts an alternate therapy for humankind to fight against memory loss.

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Oncogenic LncRNA CASC9 in Cancer Progression

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200917150130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

Author(s):

Yuying Qi ◽

Chaoying Song ◽

Jiali Zhang ◽

Chong Guo ◽

Chengfu Yuan

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Cell Growth ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Squamous Metaplasia ◽

Neoplastic Transformation ◽

Over Expression ◽

Human Cancers ◽

Current Review

Background: Long non-coding RNA (LncRNAs), with the length over 200 nucleotides, originate from intergenic, antisense, or promoter-proximal regions, is a large family of RNAs that lack coding capacity. Emerging evidences illustrated that LncRNAs played significant roles in a variety of cellular functions and biological processes in profuse human diseases, especially in cancers. Cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9), as a member of the LncRNAs group, was firstly found its oncogenic function in esophageal cancer. In following recent studies, a growing amount of human malignancies are verified to be correlated with CASC9, most of which are derived from the squamous epithelium tissue. This present review attempts to highlight the latest insights into the expression, functional roles, and molecular mechanisms of CASC9 in different human malignancies. Methods: In this review, the latest findings related to the pathophysiological processes of CASC9 in human cancers were summarized and analyzed, the associated studies were collected in systematically retrieval of PubMed used lncRNA and CASA9 as keywords. Results: CASC9 expression is identified to be aberrantly elevated in a variety of malignancies. The over-expression of CASC9 has been suggested to accelerate cell proliferation, migration, cell growth and drug resistance of cancer cells, while depress cell apoptosis, revealing its role as an oncogene. Moreover, the current review demonstrated CASC9 closely relates to neoplastic transformation of squamous epithelial cells and squamous metaplasia in non-squamous epithelial tissues. Finally, we discuss the limitations and tremendous diagnostic/therapeutic potential of CASC9 in various human cancers. Results: CASC9 expression is identified to be aberrantly elevated in a variety of malignancies. The over-expression of CASC9 has been suggested to accelerate cell proliferation, migration, cell growth and drug resistance of cancer cells, while depress cell apoptosis, revealing its role as an oncogene. Moreover, the current review demonstrated CASC9 closely relates to neoplastic transformation of squamous epithelial cells and squamous metaplasia in non-squamous epithelial tissues. Finally, we discuss the limitations and tremendous diagnostic/therapeutic potential of CASC9 in various human cancers. Conclusion: Long non-coding RNACASC9 likely served as useful disease biomarkers or therapy targets that could effectively apply in treatment of different kinds of cancers.

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Diversified Synthetic Pathway of 1, 4-Dihydropyridines: A Class of Pharmacologically Important Molecules

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1389557520666200807130215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Shubham Khot ◽

Pratibha B. Auti ◽

Samrat A. Khedkar

Keyword(s):

Pharmacological Action ◽

Heterocyclic Ring ◽

Channel Blockers ◽

Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ◽

Transmembrane Conductance ◽

Current Review ◽

Regulator Protein ◽

Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Dihydropyridine Derivatives

: The current review discusses the different synthetic pathways for one of the most important and interesting heterocyclic ring systems 1,4-dihydropyridine. This cyclic system depicts diverse pharmacological action at several receptors, channels, and enzymes. Dihydropyridine moiety plays an important role in several calcium-channel blockers. Moreover, it has been exploited for the treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases due to its potential antihypertensive, anti-angina, vasodilator, and cardiac depressant activities. Furthermore, it also shows antibacterial, anticancer, antileishmanial, anticoagulant, anticonvulsant, anti-tubercular, antioxidant, antiulcer, and neuroprotective properties. Several reports have demonstrated dihydropyridine derivatives as a potentiator of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein, potent antimalarial agent and HIV-1 protease inhibitor. Herein, we have briefly reviewed different novel chemistry and synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine.

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Physiological Proteins in Therapeutics: A Current Review on Interferons

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1389557516999160612164506 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 947-952 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Debosree Ghosh ◽

Debjani Ghosh ◽

Pratap Parida

Keyword(s):

Current Review ◽

A Current

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Reduce Disease Burden of Human Schistosomiasis in Asia Through Biological Control

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1389557520666200204114646 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 1118-1132

Author(s):

Sidra Saleem ◽

Haroon Ahmed ◽

Tooba Siddiqui ◽

Seyma Gunyakti Kilinc ◽

Aisha Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Disease Burden ◽

Management Practices ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Parasitic Disease ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Neglected Disease ◽

Current Review ◽

Near Future

Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by a trematode blood fluke of the genus Schistosoma that belongs to the Schistosomatidae family. It is a neglected disease in different regions of Asia. In this review, 218 articles (between 2000 and 2017) related to the topic were collected from PubMed and Google scholar and reviewed. After thoroughly reading collected articles, due to irrelevant topic requirements, 94 articles were excluded. Articles that have data associated with Asian regions are considered. In Asia, the disease is prevalent in China, Philippines, Indonesia, Yemen, Nepal and Laos, etc. While in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh, the disease is not endemic and very few cases were reported. The disease was eliminated from Japan and Iran. The current review highlights the geographical distribution among Asian countries, transmission patterns, diagnosis, control strategies based on the use of anthelmintic plants and management practices implemented in Asia for the control of schistosomiasis. However, new implementations to treat schistosomiasis in humans should be proved to eliminate the disease finally in the future. This review emphasizes the biological control of schistosomiasis for the eradication of the disease from Asia in the near future.

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Depression in Dementia or Dementia in Depression? Systematic Review of Studies and Hypotheses

Current Alzheimer Research ◽

10.2174/1567205017666200217104114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 16-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Agnieszka Brzezińska ◽

Julius Bourke ◽

Rayito Rivera-Hernández ◽

Magda Tsolaki ◽

Joanna Woźniak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Randomised Controlled Trials ◽

Late Onset ◽

Alternative Hypothesis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Future Studies ◽

Individual Vulnerability ◽

Current Review ◽

Randomised Controlled

The majority of research works to date suggest that Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a risk factor for dementia and may predispose to cognitive decline in both early and late onset variants. The presence of depression may not, however, reflect the cause, rather, an effect: it may be a response to cognitive impairment or alters the threshold at which cognitive impairment might manifest or be detected. An alternative hypothesis is that depression may be part of a prodrome to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), suggesting a neurobiological association rather than one of psychological response alone. Genetic polymorphisms may explain some of the variances in shared phenomenology between the diagnoses, the instance, when the conditions arise comorbidly, the order in which they are detected that may depend on individual cognitive and physical reserves, as well as the medical history and individual vulnerability. This hypothesis is biologically sound but has not been systematically investigated to date. The current review highlights how genetic variations are involved in the development of both AD and MDD, and the risk conferred by these variations on the expression of these two disorders comorbidly is an important consideration for future studies of pathoaetiological mechanisms and in the stratification of study samples for randomised controlled trials.

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