scholarly journals To the 70th anniversary of the birth of Professor V. V. Ivanenko

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Oleksii B. Shliakhov ◽  
Serhii I. Svitlenko

The main factors of the formation of personality of V. V. Ivanenko, stages of the biography of the famous scientisthistorian and teacher, manager of the high school are considered. The focus of the authors’ attention is the creative work of a scientist - a well-known specialist on the modern history of Ukraine, his work on expanding historical knowledge on the issues of the controversial Soviet period, the didactic activity of the scientific and pedagogical worker, his hard work on the preparation of higher education qualifications as a scientific Head, Consultant and Chair of the Specialized Academic Council on History. An important part of the work of the historian within the framework of the program "Rehabilitated History" in the Dnipropetrovsk region was the revival and preservation of historical memory, the study of punitive and repressive policies of Soviet power, which led to numerous victims of the Stalinist totalitarian regime. The various initiatives of the vice-rector on modernization of educational work with a student youth, his public activity were revealed. The contribution of the jubilator to the development of higher historical education and science in Ukraine is recognized.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-82
Author(s):  
Maria A. Podlesnaya ◽  
Gallina V. Soloviova ◽  
Ilona V. Il`ina

The article raises the problem of preserving national identity in the context of hybridisation / universalisation of the values ​​of the Russian youth. In this regard, the concept of "historical memory" is applied to the data of two studies carried out in schools and five universities (both at the capital and regional level). The purpose of the article is to assess the content and vector of historical knowledge of students about their country, the attitude to this knowledge among young people and adolescents at different educational levels. The process of continuity of school and university education in the national history is considered, the points of breaks are revealed. A general assessment is given on which periods of Russian history retain the connection with the young generations of Russians, and on which ones go into the past, revealing the main narratives of historical memory. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. the continuity and general assessment among schoolchildren and university students is maintained in relation to at least two events in the Russian history - the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45 and the historical figure of Peter I as the first emperor of Russia, who turned the country to the West and made a breakthrough in its modernization; 2. there is a gap in historical memory in relation to events associated with the period of Ancient Rus, a connection with the Soviet past is revealed; schoolchildren even single out the Soviet period as the most interesting and memorable; 3. there are gaps in the continuity of historical knowledge at the level of school and university education, this concerns, for example, such an event as “the annexation of Crimea to Russia in 2014”; 4. among schoolchildren dominates (58%) a group of students who are proud of the country history, whilst there is a group of those who are indifferent to their history or express negative assessments (8%) and have a neutral attitude to the history of Russia (34%), there is a high percentage (76%) of those who believe that there are different events in the history of Russia and it is important to remember the “dark” pages of one´s own history; 5. as a result, we see young people behaving differently depending on the age, who, for some reason, began to doubt their country and are ashamed of its past, but at the same time are ready to participate in the country's transformations.



Author(s):  
Elena N. NARKHOVA ◽  
Dmitry Yu. NARKHOV

This article analyzes the degree of demand for works of art (films and television films and series, literary and musical works, works of monumental art) associated with the history of the Great Patriotic War among contemporary students. This research is based on the combination of two theories, which study the dynamics and statics of culture in the society — the theory of the nucleus and periphery by Yu. M. Lotman and the theory of actual culture by L. N. Kogan. The four waves of research (2005, 2010, 2015, 2020) by the Russian Society of Socio¬logists (ROS) have revealed a series of works in various genres on this topic in the core structure and on the periphery of the current student culture; this has also allowed tracing the dynamics of demand and the “movement” of these works in the sociocultural space. The authors introduce the concept of the archetype of the echo of war. The high student recognition of works of all historical periods (from wartime to the present day) is shown. A significant complex of works has been identified, forming two contours of the periphery. Attention is drawn to the artistic work of contemporary students as a way to preserve the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War. This article explains the necessity of preserving the layer of national culture in order to reproduce the national identity in the conditions of informational and ideological pluralism of the post-Soviet period. The authors note the differentiation of youth due to the conditions and specifics of socialization in the polysemantic sociocultural space.



Author(s):  
Tetyana Dubitska

The Khotyn Uprising was an event that became one of the most striking pages in the history of the region in the XX century. Considerable attention was paid to the study of the history of this issue during the Soviet period, but interpretation of the rebellion has changed several times because of the increasing influence of ideology on the research of Soviet scientists. With the proclamation of Ukraine's Independence, it became possible to objectively cover these events, which led to a process of rethinking the scientific works of Soviet researchers. The presence of different approaches in covering this issue necessitates a detailed analysis of the transformations that took place in the interpretation of the Khotyn uprising. The article explores the specific features of the main approaches to the coverage of the Khotyn uprising in Soviet and contemporary Ukrainian scientific historical literature. It is established that in the 20th – 40th of the XX century the Khotyn uprising was reported as a spontaneous peasant rebellion against the Romanian invaders. According to the Representatives of this approach, one of the main causes of the defeat of uprising was the absence of a Bolshevik insurgency organisation. It is revealed that 50th of the XX century became a transitional period between the previous interpretation of the Khotyn uprising and the new coverage of events, as scientists still emphasized that the uprising was peasantry, but began to provide a significance to revolutionary elements among them. Since the 60th of the XX century the situation is changed: ideology has become a decisive element in research of the uprising and, therefore, all events related to the uprising have been covered in according to the ideology. Thus, the Khotyn uprising is reported as prepared by the communist-led committee, had a well-planned commencement and aimed at restoring Soviet power in the Khotyn region. It is established that with the proclamation of Ukraine's Independence in the coverage of the uprising, there are dramatic changes related to the nature and purpose of the uprising, the political orientations of its leaders, etc. In contemporary Ukrainian science, for example, the Bolshevik character of the uprising and the struggle for power of the Soviets is refuted; instead, the emphasis was made on national liberation; it was confirmed the thesis about the orientation of some of the organizers of the uprising to the Ukrainian People's Republic in Kiev. The neutrality of the UPR’s Directory is explained because of the threat of war with Romania. Keywords: Khotyn uprising, Soviet historiography, contemporary Ukrainian historiography.



Letonica ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Agija Ābiķe-Kondrāte

Respecting the ideological aspects of the totalitarian regime and interpreting the most significant functions of the institution, the article provides an insight in one of the institutions under the supervision of the Latvian Republican branch of the USSR Foundation for Literature—the Polyclinic of Latvian Republican Branch of the USSR Foundation for Literature—locally the most important medical institution for the representatives of creative professions and related persons. This polyclinic was one of the most prestigious medical institutions in the entire Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and was commonly referred to as the Polyclinic of Writers or the Polyclinic of Lit-Foundation. In the framework of the functions of this institution, the article sheds light on various memories of the previous employees and patients looking into their memoirs, memory literature and interviews. The article briefly examines the importance of the two leading or key persons—the Director of the LSSR Foundation for Literature Elvīra Zaķe (1909–1992) and the Head of the Polyclinic, Head Doctor Vitāls Oga (1924–1984), as well as their role in the domestic lives of the creative individuals and cultural history of the Soviet period. The most essential five functions, which characterise the activities and existence of the Polyclinic are the following: 1) basic—service or treatment function; 2) the psychological support function; 3) (LSSR) the ideological-prestige function; 4) the function of sustaining Latvian cultural environment; 5) the function of a cultural sign (entails the processes of the respective period and the history of literary circles).



Author(s):  
Marinela Mladenova

The assumption in the historiography of the Soviet period implies that the Soviet power established in Azerbaijan played a major role in the modernization and further development of the country. Within the last three decades, when many new studies, memories, copies of documents, and data from previous secret archives have been published, a different history has emerged. The decisions related to the development of the secondary and tertiary education in Azerbaijan, voted by the Parliament of the Democratic Republic, clearly reveal the vision of the then politicians for rapid changes and modernization of society that were possible mainly through education. The first Azerbaijani politicians connected their country’s modernization with Europe, where they sent its future elite to study. The blood terror through which the Soviet power was established in Azerbaijan overturned the fate of many people, drammatically ceased the European orientation of the country for a long period, and predefined the next 70 years of its development.



2021 ◽  
pp. 146-161
Author(s):  
Марина Петровна Войтеховская ◽  
Светлана Анатольевна Кочурина

Опорой для проведения современных образовательных реформ является исторический опыт, поэтому в современных исторических и историко-педагогических исследованиях проблемы истории образования занимают значительное место. В историографии вопросов развития педагогического образования в России долгие годы сохранялись две независимые исследовательские традиции, первая из которых была обращена к дореволюционной истории образования, вторая – к истории советской школы. Что касается истории образования в период революции и Гражданской войны, то глубоких научных работ, тем более в региональном разрезе, вплоть до конца XX в. практически не было. В первые десятилетия советской власти в историографии отношение к проблемам развития образования было напрямую связано с идеологическими установками. Последние предполагали критичное или исключительно негативное отношение к дореволюционному наследию. Постепенно утверждалось ошибочное мнение, что отечественное педагогическое образование началось с организации в СССР учебных заведений нового типа – педагогических институтов. В 1950–1960-е гг. история педагогического образования нередко рассматривалась как отдельное направление научных исследований, однако ученые акцентировали внимание на достижениях и нововведениях в организации советского образования, совершенно не учитывая объективных данных о многочисленных заимствованиях Наркомпросом политики, методов и приемов управления системой образования, сложившихся в дореволюционный период. Когда с конца 1960-х гг. исследователи получили возможность доступа ко многим ранее закрытым архивам, изучение истории педагогического образования обрело второе дыхание. Но только с 1990-х гг. постепенно исчезает догматическое отношение к историческому материалу 1917 – начала 1930-х гг., чему способствовало изменение общественных умонастроений, свобода слова, доступность исследователям обширных исторических материалов. В постсоветский период особую актуальность приобрел вопрос о преемственности досоветской и советской истории, в том числе и истории образования. В последнее время появилось значительное число публикаций, в которых напрямую или как сопутствующие рассматриваются проблемы подготовки учительских кадров в регионе в первые десятилетия советской власти. Вместе с тем во многих современных публикациях присутствуют неточности формулировок, ошибочные факты, которые кочуют из работы в работу. Подчас авторы пользуются ограниченным подбором источников, излишне вольно интерпретируют данные, что, безусловно, снижает качество научных исследований. Анализ литературы показал, что научных исследований, в комплексе раскрывающих процессы разработки в 1917 – начала 1930-х гг. стратегии модернизации советской системы педагогического образования и ее реализации в регионах, пока недостаточно. Обращает внимание полное отсутствие современных обобщающих работ по истории педагогического образования в условиях введения всеобщего обучения в Сибири и на Дальнем Востоке. Historical experience is the basis for carrying out modern educational reforms; therefore, problems of the history of education occupy a significant place in modern historical and historical-pedagogical research. In the historiography of the development of pedagogical education in Russia, two independent research traditions have been preserved for many years, the first of which was directed to the pre-revolutionary history of education, the second to the history of the Soviet school. As for the history of education during the revolution and the Civil War, there were practically no deep scientific works, especially in the regional context, until the end of the 20th century. In the first decades of Soviet power, in historiography, the attitude towards the problems of the development of education was directly related to ideological attitudes that presupposed a critical or exclusively negative attitude towards the pre-revolutionary legacy. Gradually, the erroneous opinion was confirmed that domestic pedagogical education began with the organization in the USSR of educational institutions of a new type – pedagogical institutes. In the 1950s – 1960s the history of pedagogical education was often considered as a separate area of scientific research, however, researchers focused on the achievements and innovations in the organization of Soviet education, completely disregarding objective data on the numerous borrowings of the People’s Commissariat of Education of policies, methods and techniques for managing the education system that developed in the pre-revolutionary period. When from the late 1960s researchers got the opportunity to access many, previously closed archives, the study of the history of teacher education has found a “second wind”. But only since the 1990s the dogmatic attitude to historical material from 1917 to the early 1930s is gradually disappearing, which was facilitated by a change in public attitudes, freedom of speech, and the availability of extensive historical materials to researchers. In the post- Soviet period, the question of the continuity of the pre-Soviet and Soviet history, including the history of education, acquired particular relevance. In recent decades, a significant number of publications have appeared in which the problems of teacher training in the region in the first decades of Soviet power are directly or as related. At the same time, in many modern publications there are inaccuracies in wording, erroneous facts that wander from work to work. Sometimes authors use a limited selection of sources, interpret the data too freely, which undoubtedly reduces the quality of scientific research. Analysis of scientific literature showed that scientific research, in a complex revealing the development processes in 1917 – early 1930s the strategy of modernizing the Soviet system of pedagogical education and its implementation in the regions is still insufficient. Attention is drawn to the complete absence of modern generalizing works on the history of teacher education in the context of the introduction of universal education in Siberia and the Far East.



2020 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Oksana Sheremeta

The article is devoted to highlighting the importance of the process of decommunization in the study of the forbidden by Soviet ideology themes and personalities in the history of philosophy of Ukraine, namely: the history of neo-Thomism and the work of its representative, the historian of philosophy Fr. M. Conrad (1876–1941). The author establishes how the ideological pressure of the Soviet system influenced the course of historical and philosophical research in Ukraine and what were its consequences; whether Ukrainian historians of philosophy of the Soviet period could study the philosophical views of M. Conrad; if so, in what way and for what reasons was it not done? The study showed that the ideological pressure in the historical and philosophical sphere was not the same during the Soviet period. With the beginning of the "thaw" there was a turn in research on the history of philosophy of Ukraine from the study of philosophical thought of "revolutionary democrats" and naturalists to "idealistic" philosophical teachings, which allowed the study of the history of neo-Thomism with its obligatory criticism. Criticism then was often a way to study the views of thinkers that were considered dangerous to the Soviet system. For these reasons, Conrad could be criticized as an objective idealist. Or, for nationalist ideas, as a bourgeois nationalist. However, such opportunities had their limits. The analysis of philosopher's critical views on the socialist-communist mentality allowed to characterize them as well-argued and objective, which could be another reason for banning the study of his works. As a result of the 1972 repressions of Ukrainian philosophers and the strengthening of ideological control over the course of historical and philosophical research, the study of not only neo-Thomism but also the work of pro-Soviet thinkers ceased. The beginning of the decommunization process allowed the freedom of choice of themes and personalities and created the conditions for an objective study of the creative work of Father M. Conrad.



2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Diana A. Kozlova

The region's past together with the historical memory of the people inhabiting it, undoubtedly carries lessons for the present and the future, both for the British state in particular, and for the rest of Europe as a whole. Studying the issues of historical memory helps to rethink the mechanisms of the formation of historical consciousness. It is also important when studying the role of various social strata in this process, which can include both professional historians and politicians, decision makers people on whom decision-making process depends to one degree or another. Among the set of functions that historical knowledge performs, the most significant one can be singled out an attempt to "reconcile" the present and the past of the people as a nation. In the light of the current European agenda, a change in ideas about the status of historical memory and a searching of approaches to understanding the issues raised by the regionalization processes require a new look at the process of interaction between these spheres of public life. This article examines the issues of Scottish historical memory in the context of regionalization processes in Europe: what in this case is the history of Scotland rather a common European tradition or a particular British case? Is it possible to look at the problem differently when both paths are not mutually exclusive?



Author(s):  
Ivan Yurchenko

Introduction. Decossackization is a complex issue of modern historiography of the Cossacks. The scientific relevance of the decossackization issue is caused by shortage of generalizing studies. The social and political relevance is connected with the Cossack Renaissance in modern Russia. It is possible to see a major boundary in decossackization, which divided traditional and modern history of the Cossacks. Methods. The author uses the method of analytical historiography, complex, structural and comparative analysis of historiographic sources, quantitative analysis of the nomenclature of studies. The bibliography statistics is received on the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) database. Analysis. Defining Decossackization: definitions, approaches, periodization. Soviet and post-Soviet historiography. The newest historiography of the 21st century. Alternative and expanded renderings of Decossackization. Approaches to how Decossackization should be determined in the legal systems of Russia and the USA. Determining Decossackization as the genocide of the Cossacks. Considering V.V. Putin and Patriarch Kirill’s expressed opinions on Decossackization; the influence of these opinions on the historiography in question. Emphasizing the topicality of researching Decossackization in the historical memory of the Cossacks. Most works on Decossakization were published already in the 21st century, but they amount to only about 1 % of the whole number of studies devoted to the Cossacks, which means that new studies into the question will be both topical and necessary. Results. The scholastic research into Decossackization stems from Soviet historiography. The post-Soviet period saw a wide range of opinions and suggested approaches to the problem of Decossackization. In the 21st century politicians, church leaders, lawyers, historians and the Cossacks themselves have reached a consensus on that Decossackization must be viewed as a tragedy. New researchers agree with the definition of Decossackization as genocide or a kind of cruel mass repression in the Soviet Russia.



2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Knyazeva

Modern development of the state in general and the educational system in particular is largely predetermined by the events of the past, which inevitably become part of history. In the context of historical education modernization, which took place in the country at the beginning of the 21st century, it is necessary to study more deeply the existing experience of creating specialized faculties and teaching history on their basis within higher educational institutions. Historical education in the territory of Chuvashia began to be implemented in the 1930. In the period from 1930 to 1967, the Chuvash State Pedagogical Institute was engaged in the formation of professional historical personnel. From 1967, a new stage in the development of higher historical education of the republic begins, associated with the opening of I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University (I.N. Ulianov ChuvSU). The Faculty of History and Philology (FHP) began working in the structure of the classical university. It consisted of five departments: general history, the history of the USSR, the Chuvash language and literature, the Russian language, Russian and foreign literature, which were headed by leading scientists of the republic. From 1990, changes took place in the history of higher historical education in Chuvashia. This is due to the division of the FHP into three independent faculties, among which the historical one was singled out. During the same period, restructuring of I.N. Ulianov ChuvSU was underway, as a result of which in 1990, in addition to the departments of national history and general history, a new department of archeology, ethnography and regional history began to function at the faculty. During the period of activity of the Faculty of History and Philology, it was headed by well-known scientists, organizers of education: Candidate of Philological Sciences V.Ya. Kanukov, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor V.F. Kakhovsky, Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor M.M. Mikhailov, Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor I.A. Andreev. The Soviet period in the formation and development of higher historical education, associated with the opening of I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University, laid the mainstays for training personnel in subsequent periods.



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