scholarly journals The impact of exhaustive exercise on metabolic profiles in young men: a metabolomics approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko Akazawa ◽  
Mariko Nakamura ◽  
Mana Otomo
Keyword(s):  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Oral Swab ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Intensive Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Projection Score

Abstract Background: Exercise-induced fatigue leads to reduction in the ability exert physical performance. Prolonged and intensive exercise stimulates several metabolic pathways to produce energy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of exhaustive exercise on metabolomic pathways. Methods: Nine young recreationally active men were recruited to this study. Participants performed step incremental maximal exercise until maximum exhaustion. Saliva samples were collected pre- and post-exercise (immediately after exercise cessation) using a salimetric oral swab, and salivary metabolites were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results: Two hundred ten metabolites were detected, representing different clustering principle component structures between pre- and post-exercise. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis identified 29 metabolites with highly related variable importance for projection score and 16 metabolites significantly increased after exercise. Furthermore, increase in cyclohexylamine was positively correlated with an increase in fatigue on a visual analog scale. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that exhaustive exercise changed the saliva metabolomic pathways related to energy production including glycolysis, lipolysis, amino acid metabolism, amines, and ketone bodies.

scholarly journals Impact of High Temperature on Post-Exercise Albuminuria in Dogs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1988
Author(s):  
Urszula Pasławska ◽  
Barbara Szczepankiewicz ◽  
Aleksandra Bednarska ◽  
Robert Pasławski
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Movement Activity ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Intensive Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The literature suggests that strenuous exercise and exposure to high temperatures may cause physiologic proteinuria, but to our knowledge there have been no studies that have assessed the effect of high temperatures on the occurrence of post-exercise albuminuria in dogs. The goal of the study was to assess the impact of high temperatures on the occurrence of albuminuria. Thirteen healthy adult dogs—eight female (62%) and five male (38%) had to run 5 km at a temperature of 25 °C in grasslands which took about 30–40 min. Dogs underwent clinical examinations: echocardiography, abdominal ultrasound, blood hematology and biochemistry and urinalysis, including the ratio of albumin to creatinine (UAC). Baseline UAC was on the borderline of statistical significance for female dogs, but not for male dogs, before and after exercise. UAC was 0.31 ± 0.56 mg/mmol for female dogs and 0.36 ± 0.60 mg/mmol in male dogs before exercise. Immediately after exercise, UAC was 0.51 ± 0.58 mg/mmol in female dogs and 0.31 ± 0.40 mg/mmol in male dogs. Thus, a period of about 30–40 min of intensive exercise at high temperatures (25 °C) did not lead to increased albuminuria. This suggests that there is no need to limit the movement activity before urine tests in dogs, even at high temperatures, before urinalysis.

scholarly journals The impact of a heat and moisture exchange mask on respiratory symptoms and airway response to exercise in asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 00271-2019
Author(s):  
Anna R. Jackson ◽  
J.H. Hull ◽  
James G. Hopker ◽  
Hannah Fletcher ◽  
William Gowers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
The Impact

Respiratory symptoms, including cough, are prevalent in individuals with asthma when exercising. This study investigates whether a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) face mask is effective in modulating exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and post-exercise cough in a cold, dry environment in individuals with asthma.Twenty-six participants diagnosed with asthma (20 males, 6 females) completed three cycling exercise challenges at 8°C and 24% relative humidity in a randomised order. Participants wore either an HME mask (MASK), sham mask (SHAM), or no mask (CONT). Following a 3-min warm-up, participants completed 6-min cycling at 80% peak power output. Before and after exercise, maximal flow-volume loops were recorded. Post-exercise cough was monitored with a Leicester Cough Monitor (LCM) for 24 h. Results were analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Friedman's tests and data were presented as the mean±sd or median (interquartile range (IQR)).Eleven participants failed to demonstrate EIB (i.e. >10% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s after exercise) and were removed from analysis. The percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s following exercise in CONT was greater than MASK (MASK: −6% (7%), SHAM: −11% (11%), CONT: −13% (9%); p<0.01). No difference was found between exercise in cough count per hour over the 24-h monitoring period or the number of coughs in the first hour after exercise.HME masks can attenuate EIB when exercising in cold, dry environments. The SHAM mask may not have been entirely inert, demonstrating the challenges of running randomised control trials utilising control and sham conditions.

scholarly journals Hypoxia is not the primary mechanism contributing to exercise-induced proteinuria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000662
Author(s):  
Kelsley E Joyce ◽  
John Delamere ◽  
Susie Bradwell ◽  
Stephen David Myers ◽  
Kimberly Ashdown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Systemic Hypoxia ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Ace Genotype ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sensitive Marker

IntroductionProteinuria increases at altitude and with exercise, potentially as a result of hypoxia. Using urinary alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP) levels as a sensitive marker of proteinuria, we examined the impact of relative hypoxia due to high altitude and blood pressure-lowering medication on post-exercise proteinuria.MethodsTwenty individuals were pair-matched for sex, age and ACE genotype. They completed maximal exercise tests once at sea level and twice at altitude (5035 m). Losartan (100 mg/day; angiotensin-receptor blocker) and placebo were randomly assigned within each pair 21 days before ascent. The first altitude exercise test was completed within 24–48 hours of arrival (each pair within ~1 hour). Acetazolamide (125 mg two times per day) was administrated immediately after this test for 48 hours until the second altitude exercise test.ResultsWith placebo, post-exercise α1-AGP levels were similar at sea level and altitude. Odds ratio (OR) for increased resting α1-AGP at altitude versus sea level was greater without losartan (2.16 times greater). At altitude, OR for reduced post-exercise α1-AGP (58% lower) was higher with losartan than placebo (2.25 times greater, p=0.059) despite similar pulse oximetry (SpO2) (p=0.95) between groups. Acetazolamide reduced post-exercise proteinuria by approximately threefold (9.3±9.7 vs 3.6±6.0 μg/min; p=0.025) although changes were not correlated (r=−0.10) with significant improvements in SpO2 (69.1%±4.5% vs 75.8%±3.8%; p=0.001).DiscussionProfound systemic hypoxia imposed by altitude does not result in greater post-exercise proteinuria than sea level. Losartan and acetazolamide may attenuate post-exercise proteinuria, however further research is warranted.

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance Induced by Maximal Exercise Correlates With a Post-Exercise Increase in Uridine Concentration in the Blood of Healthy Young Men

2013 ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. DUDZINSKA ◽  
A. LUBKOWSKA ◽  
K. JAKUBOWSKA ◽  
M. SUSKA ◽  
E. SKOTNICKA
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Impact

Uridine is postulated to participate in the development of insulin resistance. Since exercise is an effective tool in the treatment of insulin resistance it appeared justified to assess the impact of maximal exercise on plasma uridine and insulin sensitivity indices (e.g. insulin and HOMA-IR) in healthy subjects. The study included forty-four healthy males (18.5±2.92 years, VO2max 50.2±6.26 ml kg-1 min-1). Subjects performed a single maximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Blood samples were taken three times: immediately before exercise, immediately after exercise and at the 30th min of rest. Uridine concentrations were determined in the whole blood using high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum insulin levels were measured by a specific ELISA method. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by homeostasis model assessment method (HOMA-IR). A maximal exercise-induced increase in the concentration of uridine correlated with post-exercise increases in insulin levels and HOMA-IR. Our results indicate a relationship between the concentration of uridine in the blood and indicators of insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects. We are the first to demonstrate that a maximal exercise-induced increase in the concentration of uridine is correlated with post-exercise increases in insulin levels and HOMA-IR in healthy subjects. It appears that uridine may be an indicator of insulin resistance.

Effects of training and exhaustive exercise on the mitochondrial oxidative capacity of brown adipose tissue

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 987-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gohil ◽  
S. Henderson ◽  
S. E. Terblanche ◽  
G. A. Brooks ◽  
L. Packer
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Ferrocytochrome C ◽  
Bat Mitochondria ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Exercise Induced

Oxidation of pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, palmitoylcarnitine, succinate, and ferrocytochrome c by interscapular-brown-adipose-tissue (BAT) mitochondria of untrained and trained rats were measured at rest and alter running to exhaustion. At rest, BAT mitochondria from trained rats showed significantly lower activities (<50%) for the oxidation of all the substrates. In untrained rats the activities of the enzymes for the oxidation of all the substrates except pyruvate and succinate were lower at exhaustion compared to the resting state when expressed on a per-gram-fresh-Weight basis. In trained rats all of the enzyme activities increased as a result of exhaustive exercise. These differences between the two groups of rats in the post-exercise changes in oxidative capacities suggest that following an initial adaptation, resulting in a large decrease in mitochondrial oxidative activity, training protects the residual oxidative pathways against exercise-induced inactivation. These data show that unlike exposure to cold, or overfeeding, a physiological stimulus such as exercise reduces the oxidative capacity of BAT, and therefore may reduce the thermogenic activity of the tissue in endurance-trained rats as has been addressed in the scientific literature.

scholarly journals Single Dose of Intra-Muscular Platlet Rich Plasma Reverses the Increase in Plasma Iron Levels in Exercise Induced Muscle Damage

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (11_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967114S0019
Author(s):  
Zekine Pündük ◽  
Onur Oral ◽  
Nadir Özkayın ◽  
Khalid Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Plasma Iron ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy, is considered to be a promising solution in accelerating the healing process of injured skeletal muscle tissue. In addition to the release of growth factors, PRP also promotes concentrated anti-inflammatory signals, including interleukins. However, the impact of the intramuscular administration of the PRP on hematologic and biochemical responses has not been fully elucidated in exercise induced muscle damage. Methods: Twelve healthy moderately active male volunteers, without previous experience with eccentric/concentric elbow flexors exercise, participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: control group (CONTROL, n=6) and platelet rich plasma administration group (PRP, n=6) group. To induce muscle damage, subjects in both groups performed concentric/eccentric contractions with load of (80 % 1RM) maximal voluntary contraction of the elbow flexors until point of exhaustion of the non-dominant arm. The non-dominant arms of the PRP group were treated with autologous PRP (Regen ACR-C, Regen Lab, Switzerland) post-24h exercise induced damage (DOMS). Subsequently, 4 ml PRP samples was injected using a 20-gauge needle into the region of the biceps brachii of the non-dominant arm under sterile aseptic conditions. Venous blood samples were collected pre-, and 4 days post-exercise, and analyzed for complete blood counts, serum ferritin, iron, iron binding capacity (IBC), creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as markers of muscle damage and inflammation. Results: We found that the baseline levels of iron, ferritin, IBC, CK, LDH, AST and ALT were similar in control and PRP groups. However, 24 h following exercise induced muscle damage a significant increase in these parameters was observed in both groups. Interestingly, PRP administration decreased plasma iron levels compared to the control group but this was only achieved on the second day of post-exercise induced muscle damage. In addition, the plasma IBC levels increased in PRP group from day 2 to 4 post exercise compared to control group. PRP administration had no effect on plasma ferritin, CK, LDH, AST, and LDH levels. Conclusion: Acute exhaustive exercise increased muscle damage markers, including plasma iron, IBC and ferritin levels, indicating metabolic stress due to exercise induced muscle damage. PRP administration decreased the iron levels post-exercise and may have a role to play in the recovery of exercise induced muscle damage.

The Stereotype Threat Effect

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Moritz ◽  
Insa Happach ◽  
Karla Spirandelli ◽  
Tania M. Lincoln ◽  
Fabrice Berna
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Threat Effect ◽  
Efficacy Expectations ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Neurocognitive deficits in patients with mental disorders are partially due to secondary influences. “Stereotype threat” denotes the phenomenon that performance is compromised when a participant is confronted with a devaluing stereotype. The present study examined the impact of stereotype threat on neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia. Seventy-seven participants with a self-reported diagnosis of schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either an experimental condition involving stereotype threat activation or a control condition in an online study. Participants completed memory and attention tests as well as questionnaires on motivation, self-efficacy expectations, cognitive complaints, and self-stigmatization. Contrary to our prediction, the two groups showed no significant differences regarding neuropsychological performance and self-report measures. Limitations, such as a possibly too weak threat cue, are discussed and recommendations for future studies are outlined.

scholarly journals Polyphenol Profiling of Chestnut Pericarp, Integument and Curing Water Extracts to Qualify These Food By-Products as a Source of Antioxidants

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2335
Author(s):  
Gabriella Pinto ◽  
Sabrina De Pascale ◽  
Maria Aponte ◽  
Andrea Scaloni ◽  
Francesco Addeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Water Curing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

Plant polyphenols have beneficial antioxidant effects on human health; practices aimed at preserving their content in foods and/or reusing food by-products are encouraged. The impact of the traditional practice of the water curing procedure of chestnuts, which prevents insect/mould damage during storage, was studied to assess the release of polyphenols from the fruit. Metabolites extracted from pericarp and integument tissues or released in the medium from the water curing process were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and electrospray-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (ESI-qTOF-MS). This identified: (i) condensed and hydrolyzable tannins made of (epi)catechin (procyanidins) and acid ellagic units in pericarp tissues; (ii) polyphenols made of gallocatechin and catechin units condensed with gallate (prodelphinidins) in integument counterparts; (iii) metabolites resembling those reported above in the wastewater from the chestnut curing process. Comparative experiments were also performed on aqueous media recovered from fruits treated with processes involving: (i) tap water; (ii) tap water containing an antifungal Lb. pentosus strain; (iii) wastewater from a previous curing treatment. These analyses indicated that the former treatment determines a 6–7-fold higher release of polyphenols in the curing water with respect to the other ones. This event has a negative impact on the luster of treated fruits but qualifies the corresponding wastes as a source of antioxidants. Such a phenomenon does not occur in wastewater from the other curing processes, where the release of polyphenols was reduced, thus preserving the chestnut’s appearance. Polyphenol profiling measurements demonstrated that bacterial presence in water hampered the release of pericarp metabolites. This study provides a rationale to traditional processing practices on fruit appearance and qualifies the corresponding wastes as a source of bioactive compounds for other nutraceutical applications.

scholarly journals Body Mass, Physical Activity and Eating Habits Changes during the First COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5682
Author(s):  
Hubert Dobrowolski ◽  
Dariusz Włodarek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a number of changes in social life around the world. In response to the growing number of infections, some countries have introduced restrictions that may have resulted in the change of the lifestyle. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of the lockdown on body weight, physical activity and some eating habits of the society. The survey involving 183 people was conducted using a proprietary questionnaire. The mean age of the study participants was 33 ± 11 and mean height 169 ± 8 cm. An average increase in body weight was observed in 49.18% by 0.63 ± 3.7 kg which was the result of a decrease in physical activity and an increase in food consumption. We also observed a decrease in PAL from 1.64 ± 0.15 to 1.58 ± 0.13 and changes in the amount of food and individual groups of products consumption, including alcohol. Among the study participants who did not lose body mass, there was an average weight gain of 2.25 ± 2.5 kg. In conclusion, an increase of weight was shown in about half of the respondents in the study group which was associated with a decrease in physical activity and an increase in the consumption of total food and high energy density products.

scholarly journals Reducing Loneliness: The Impact of Mindfulness, Social Cognitions, and Coping

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412199777
Author(s):  
Robin Besse ◽  
Whitney K. Whitaker ◽  
Laura A. Brannon
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Cognitions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Current State ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

While many facets of loneliness have been explored, research examining the efficacy of loneliness interventions has been overlooked among young adults. The study of loneliness among young adults has become increasingly important considering the current state of isolation and stay-at-home orders issued to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Preliminary reports suggest an increase in loneliness as a result of the current health pandemic, especially among young adults, who have reported feeling lonelier than any other age group. Such findings warrant the study of ways to help reduce loneliness among young adults. The current study examined the efficacy of strategies that might be used to help young adults manage feelings of loneliness. Two hundred and seventy-eight young adults completed the study. Participants read one of four messages: mindfulness, social cognitions, coping behaviors, or a control. Participants in the mindfulness condition felt better equipped to manage future instances of loneliness and held better attitudes toward this intervention. The current research helps to advance understanding of effective ways of helping young adults cope with loneliness.

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