scholarly journals Addiction Potential and its Correlates Among Medical Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amiri ◽  
Ahmad Khosravi ◽  
Reza Chaman ◽  
Zakieh Sadeghi ◽  
Elham Sadeghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Background: Drug dependency can be seen in all occupations, educational levels, and socioeconomic classes, and it is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the addiction potential status and its correlates among medical students. Methods: In 2019, a total of 500 students were selected randomly from Shahroud University of Medical Sciences and asked to complete Addiction Potential Scale and Attitude to Addiction Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Chi-square, t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression model at the significant level of 0.05. Results: The mean score of addiction potential was 32.7±17.2. In the majority of the students (62.8%), the addiction potential status was low. Most of the students (66.8%) had used no tobacco or addictive substance. There was a significant relationship between addiction potentialwithgender, marital status, student's current place of residence, student's economic status, student's economic activity, along with education and semester (P≤0.05). In the regression model, 6 predictor factors of the knowledge and awareness of drugs, tendency to use drugs, field of study, history of drug use, alcohol and smoking history had significant relationships with potential addiction (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Given the relationship between potential addiction score and drug use tendency and noting that more than one-third of students had moderate and high drug addiction, more attention to this issue and interventional measures can be effective in reducing the tendency to drug abuse, and control of drug abuse.

Investigating the Impacts of Smoking and Exercise History on the Recovery Course among Covid-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2977-2981
Author(s):  
Merve Uca ◽  
Kenan Sivrikaya ◽  
Canatan Taşdemir
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Standard Medication ◽  
Demographic Background

Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of exercise and smoking history of the COVID-19 patients on their recovery course and time. Methods: In this respect, as the data source, we observed a total of 310 patients, 176 males 134 females, who tested positive for COVID-19, had no chronic disease, and received inpatient or outpatient treatment. The patients also filled out a personal information form covering their demographic background, including smoking and exercise history. All participants received favipiravir as the standard medication, and their symptoms and the durations of these symptoms were evaluated using the focus group interview method. We analyzed the data on SPSS 17.0 utilizing Independent T-Test, one-way ANOVA, Chi-Square, and Pearson Correlation tests. Results: The results revealed significant differences between former smokers and those who never smoked and quitted smoking by recovery time (p<0.01). There were also significant differences between those doing exercises actively and those who never did or quitted exercise (p<0.01). Again, with regard to recovery time, we found significant differences between groups that quitted exercise in different periods (p<0.05) and between those with different weights (p<0.05). In addition, we reached smoking cessation time and exercise history had positive relationships with recovery time. Conclusion: Considering the results, we concluded that non-smoking and exercise had a positive impact on avoiding adverse effects of the COVID-19 disease. Keywords: Covid-19, exercise, smoking, sports, acute respiratory syndrome

Are hypertensive patients with history of coronary artery disease at risk for silent lower extremity artery disease?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Prasetya Budi Mulia ◽  
Kevin Yuwono ◽  
Raden Mohammad Budiarto
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Lower Extremity Artery Disease

Abstract Objectives We aimed to investigate the association between hypertension and asymptomatic lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) in outpatients with known history of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Patients with known history of CAD who have been undergone coronary angiography and have significant coronary artery stenosis (more than 60%) were included. LEAD was defined as ankle-brachial index (ABI) < 0.9 in either leg. The risk of LEAD in hypertensive group was analyzed using chi-square test, and correlation between blood pressure (BP) and ABI was analyzed using Pearson correlation test in SPSS v.25. Results One hundred and four patients were included. 82.7% of patients were male. Mean age was 57.05 ± 7.97. The prevalence of hypertension was 35.6%, and the prevalence of LEAD was 16.3%. A higher proportion of LEAD was found in hypertensive (18.9%) compared to non-hypertensive (14.9%), although not statistically significant (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 0.46 to 3.85; p=0.598). There was an association between ABI and systolic BP (p=0.016), but not with diastolic BP (p=0.102). Conclusions Our study showed that the prevalence of LEAD in hypertension, especially in the CAD population, is relatively high. There was no association between hypertension and LEAD, but a higher prevalence of LEAD was found in hypertensive patients. Nevertheless, LEAD screening is still recommended in hypertensive patients, especially in the CAD population, given the fact that outcomes of health and mortality are worse for those with concomitants of these diseases.

The Effect of Crystal Dependence on Brain Activity Related to the Perception of Pleasure Using fMRI

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Yoonessi ◽  
Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli ◽  
Iman Ahmadnezhad ◽  
Hamid Soltanian-zadeh
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Control Study

Background: Addiction is currently one of the problems of human society. Drug abuse is one of the most important issues in the field of addiction. Methamphetamine (crystal) is one of the drugs that has been abused in recent decades. Methods: In this case-control study, 10 individuals aged 20 to 40 years old with at least 2 years of experience of methamphetamine consumption without any history of drug use or other stimulants from clients and drug withdrawal centers in Tehran City, and 10 healthy volunteers were selected. Age, social status, and economic status of addicts were included in the fMRI apparatus, and 90 selected pleasurable, non-pleasurable, and neutral images (IAPS) were displayed by the projector through an event-related method. The playback time of each photo was 3 s, and after this process, the person outside the device, without the time limit selected the enjoyable and unpleasant images. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, alcohol use, and smoking history (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of the age at first use between members of the methamphetamine-dependent group. Also, the methamphetamine-dependent group showed more brain activity in their pre-center and post-center gyrus than the normal (control) group. Conclusions: According to the results obtained in this study, in general, it can be concluded that there are some areas in the brain of addicts that are activated when watching pleasant photos, while these areas are not active in the brains of normal people.

School and Home Influence on Alcohol Consumption Among School Children in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Joy-Telu Hamilton-Ekeke ◽  
John Moses
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
School Children ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

The purpose of the study is to ascertain if school variable (peer group pressure) and home variables (family history of alcohol consumption, socio-economic status of the family, attitude of parent towards alcohol drinking and cultural norms/festivity) lead to alcohol consumption among adolescents and proffer solution to the social menace of alcohol consumption among secondary school children. The study was a descriptive research design with mixed methods of data collection involving questionnaire and interview schedule. A sample of 100 students out of a population of 130 students and 180 students each of the mid-class (SS 2 and JS 2) of the senior and basic secondary schools respectively were involved in the study. Four hypotheses were posited and tested using Chi-square and statistical decisions made. The instruments for the study were questionnaire and interview schedule with a reliability coefficient of 0.78 using Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient. It was found that parents are the major source of alcohol supply for many young Nigerians and children are often first introduced to alcohol in the family - home. Parents who drink alcohol are more likely to exhibit permissiveness towards alcohol use in their adolescent children. Based on the findings from this study, it could be concluded that children aged 10-16 years in Yenagoa metropolis of Nigeria, indulged in alcohol consumption regularly and in high quantity which is not good for their health. It is necessary that parents should present themselves as suitable role models in – order to guide their children against anti-social behaviours.

scholarly journals Relationship between Periodontitis and Glaucoma: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Soo Hwan Byun ◽  
Dae Myoung Yoo ◽  
Minwook Chang ◽  
Hyo Geun Choi ◽  
Seok Jin Hong
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between periodontitis and glaucoma. This prospective cohort study used epidemiological data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study performed between 2004 and 2016. Among 173,209 participants, 9572 patients with periodontitis and 115,332 controls (nonperiodontitis) were selected. We analysed the history of glaucoma in periodontitis and control participants. The participants were interviewed regarding their history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, periodontitis, glaucoma, smoking, and alcohol consumption by trained interviewers. A logistic regression model was created to analyse the odds ratio of having a history of glaucoma among patients with periodontitis. Two-tailed analyses using chi-square and independent t-tests were used for statistical analysis. The adjusted odds ratio of periodontitis as a risk factor for glaucoma was 3.44 (95% confidence interval = 2.99–3.97, p < 0.001 ). This study demonstrated that glaucoma was associated with periodontitis.

Changes in drug use frequency as a recurrent event process: Analyses on the natural history of drug abuse

2014 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. e122
Author(s):  
Libo Li ◽  
B. Nosky ◽  
E. Evans ◽  
David Y. Huang ◽  
J. Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Recurrent Event ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recurrent Event Process

Consumer perception of traditional foods in Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Laryea ◽  
Esther Yeboah Akoto ◽  
Ibok Oduro ◽  
William Ofori Appaw
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Consumer Perception ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to identify the various traditional foods available in two towns in Ghana and to assess consumer perception about these traditional foods. Traditional foods provide nutritional and health benefits, but their consumption keeps declining, such that some are becoming extinct. Design/methodology/approach – The level of knowledge of consumers and their attitude toward the consumption of traditional foods were determined. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Sekondi and four areas in Kumasi, with a sample size of 200 in each of the two towns. The data obtained were analyzed using Pearson correlation and Chi-square test for independence. Findings – While consumers had very good general knowledge of the traditional foods, most of them had little knowledge on nutrient compositions of the foods. About 95.5 per cent of respondents in Sekondi consumed traditional foods relative to those in Kumasi (62.5 per cent). There was no linear relationship existing between respondents’ knowledge, attitude and consumption of traditional foods (r < 0.50). More so, respondents’ attitude, knowledge and consumption of traditional foods, mostly, did not depend on the demographic factors (age and education). Other factors such as convenience, economic status of respondents and safety of traditional foods may be contributory factors to the low patronage and consumption of traditional foods. Originality/value – Most researches on traditional foods in Ghana have mostly focused on food ingredients; therefore, there is little or no available information on consumer perception of prepared traditional foods. Because consumer opinions change over time, there is a need to consistently gather data to help food industries and food service operators meet consumer needs and expectations.

scholarly journals Assessment of Tobacco Consumption and Control in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 117991611875928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Mohan ◽  
Harry A Lando ◽  
Sigamani Panneer
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Tobacco consumption is a huge public health issue in India and its impact is especially devastating among the poor. Effective tobacco control should be a top priority, both as a health issue and as a method to reduce poverty. Tobacco use is deeply ingrained as a cultural practice and there are a myriad of tobacco types. We reviewed multiple determinants of tobacco consumption including socio-economic status, marriage, population growth, marketing strategies, and price. We also considered the tobacco burden including economic and social costs and adverse health impacts especially those resulting from oral cancer. We then addressed the history of tobacco control legislation in India and challenges in implementation. Tobacco consumption in India is continuing to increase despite tobacco control policy. Needed are more visible and aggressive anti-tobacco campaigns including increased public awareness of tobacco harms and active engagement of worksites and health professionals in promoting tobacco cessation.

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Plasenta Previa

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Haifa Wahyu ◽  
Henni Febriawati ◽  
Martika Yosi ◽  
Liza Fitri Lina
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sectio Caesarea ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Placenta previa is one of the risks in pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of placenta previa in Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu. The research design used was an observational analytic study with a case control approach (case and control). The population in this study were all patients of placenta previa during 2018 in Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu, as many as 135 people and as many as 74 people were divided into 37 case groups and 37 control groups by purposive sampling technique. Chi Square statistical test results showed the value of ρ for age (p 0,000), parity (p 0,000), history of Caesarean Sectio (p 0.016), history of curettage (p 0.033), and pregnancy distance (p 0.005). In conclusion, based on statistical tests, there is a significant relationship between the factors of maternal age, parity, history of Caesarean Sectio, history of curettage, distance of pregnancy to the incidence of placenta previa. It is recommended to nurses RSUD Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu to be able to provide education in preventing the occurrence of placenta previa by conducting interviews and discussions with risk patients at RSUD Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu.Keywords       : Pregnancy distance, Curettage, Parity, Placenta previa, Sectio Caesarea, Age

scholarly journals Factors influencing the effectiveness of colonoscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 98-100
Author(s):  
Mustikawati Mustikawati ◽  
Sodikin Sodikin
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of

Colonoscopy is one of the most widely-used procedures for diagnostic examination and treatment of colorectal diseases, either benign or malignant. Colonoscopy results are influenced by several factors such as current medical history, history of drug use, history of accompanying illnesses, and procedures performed. To analyze the factors which affectiverness the results of colonoscopy among the undergoing patients in Regional Public Hospital of Banyumas. The method used was observational analytic with a cross sectional approach. From the consecutive sample selection, it gave 76 respondents. The analysis was done using Univariate analysis with frequency distribution test, bivariate with chi square test and multivariate with multiple logistic regression test. Most of the respondents (51 respondents, 67.1%) aged 46-65 years and most of them were female (41 or 53.1%), they were dominated by high school graduates (56 or 73.7%), and the dominant occupation status was undemployed (31 or 40.8%). The results of the chi square test showed that there was an effect of current disease history, namely complaints / indications for colonoscopy examinations (p 0.011), drug use (p 0.021),accompanying disease history (p 0.003), and implementation procedures (p 0.000) on colonoscopy results. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that the factor that mostly influences the colonoscopy results was the length of preparation time (1-2 days of preparation).In conclusion current medical history, drug use history, accompanying medical history, and procedure administration significantly influence the colonoscopy outcome. And the most influencing factor is the length of preparation time (1-2 days of preparation).

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