scholarly journals Simulation Analysis of Circuit and Designing of PCB Layout of a CMOS based NAND Logic Gate using Open-Source Software eSim

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 3972-3977
Author(s):  
Vanshika Tanwar
Keyword(s):  
Open Source Software ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Nand Gate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Simple Language ◽  
Pcb Layout

A real world signals are mostly based on Boolean operators. In simple language Boolean operators are logic gates and logic gates are the building blocks of any circuit. There are different types of logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR. These all-logic gates are implemented using a Boolean function. And all these logic gates internally are implemented using diodes and transistors. And when we implement all these logic gates using transistor and diodes then it comes under logic families. In this paper we are going to do the analysis of NAND GATE using CMOS in 180 nm technology and has also designed its PCB layout. We are going to carried out the whole simulation of the proposed design of NAND Gate in eSim (Electronic Simulation) Software which is an EDA tool. And by changing the different values of inputs of NAND Gate we are observing respective output in simulation process of eSim.

scholarly journals Simulation Analysis of Circuit and Designing of PCB Layout of a CMOS based NOR Logic Gate using Open-Source Software eSim

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 434-440
Author(s):  
Balakrishna Eppili
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Pcb Layout ◽  
Nor Gate ◽  
Nor Logic Gate ◽  
Complex Circuits

Abstract: There are various basic gates like NAND, NOR gates which are extensively used in the designing of the more complex circuits with use higher number of transistors such as MUXs, ADCs and any other circuits. In this paper, we have carried out the modelling of NOR gate at 130 nm technology, yet maintaining comparable performance than conventional CMOS NOR gate logic structure. The modelling includes schematics design and PCB layout design run of the above gates. Also, the simulation results of the gates are obtained at the same node with start time, step time, stop time, rise time, fall time and delay and power dissipation. In this all process have been carried out of a CMOS based NOR Logic Gate using Open-Source Software eSim. Keywords: Simulation, PCB, NOR, CMOS, eSim

Programmable Logic Gates Based on Tunable Multistable Mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zanaty ◽  
Hubert Schneegans ◽  
Ilan Vardi ◽  
Simon Henein
Keyword(s):  
Logic Gate ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Programmable Logic ◽  
Logic Device ◽  
Logic Function ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Stability Behavior ◽  
Binary Logic ◽  
Logical Operations

Abstract Binary logic operations are the building blocks of computing machines. In this paper, we present a new programmable binary logic gate based on programmable multistable mechanisms (PMM), which are multistable structures whose stability behavior depends on modifiable boundary conditions as defined and analyzed in our previous work. The logical state of a PMM is defined by its stability and logical operations are implemented by modifying the stability behavior of the mechanism. Our programmable logic device has two qualitatively different sets of inputs. The first set determines the logic function to be computed. The second set represents the logical inputs. The output is a single logical value, “true” if the mechanism changes state and “false” otherwise. In this way, we are able to mechanically implement a set of binary logical operations. This implementation is validated using an analytical model characterizing the qualitative stability behavior of the mechanism. This was further verified using finite element analysis and experimental demonstration.

Function Expansion of a Chaotic Logic Unit

2010 ◽  
Vol 171-172 ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
Yi Yan Sheng ◽  
Wen Bo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Circuit Design ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Circuit Simulation ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Control Voltage ◽  
Computing Unit ◽  
Nor Gate ◽  
The Impact

Chaos computing is a new circuit design scheme of using chaos computing units to achieve reconfigurable logic gates. The computing unit can function as different kinds of logic gates by changing external parameters. In this paper, the possibilities of expanding the function of a chaotic NOR gate proposed in the literature is studied. The numerical model for the circuit design was built by constructing differential equations fit for Matlab integration mechanism. Besides, numerical model for integrator saturation was built to make results of numerical simulation conform to that of circuit simulation. Analysis of the impact of integrator saturation was done. With the analysis and by changing the control voltage, NAND function was expanded for the original chaotic logic gate that was only able to function as a NOR gate. By adding the function control signal to the input end and setting the voltage of it to different levels, the computing unit becomes a real time reconfigurable one.

scholarly journals PROTOYPE GERBANG LOGIKA ( AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR ) PADA LABORATORIUM ELEKTRONIKA STMIK ROYAL KISARAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Helmi Fauzi Siregar ◽  
Ikhsan Parinduri
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Digital Circuit ◽  
Nand Gate ◽  
Abstract Logic ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Input Gate ◽  
Or Gate

Abstract - Logic gate prototype aims to meet the needs and smoothness of the teaching and learning process in one of the digital circuit lecture materials. Proof of the logic of OR, AND, NOT, NOR, and NAND gates. The working principle of logic gate prototype is working based on input logic including 0 and 1. For AND logic gates are input multiplication gates consisting of (0,0, 0,1, 1,0, 1,1) and output consists of 1 for high (1) and 3 for low (0). For OR gate is the input sum gate consists of (0,0, 0,1, 1,0, 1,1) and the output consists of 3 high (1) and 1 low (0). For the NAND gate is the logic inverting gate of the AND input gate consisting of (0,0, 0,1, 1,0, 1,1) and the output consists of 3 high (1) and 1 low (0). For NOR input logic gate consists of (0,0, 0,1, 1,0, 1,1) and the output consists of 1 for high (1) and 3 for low (0). For the NOT gate is the inverse gate with input (1, 0) and the output consists of (0,1). Keywords - Logic Gate, Prototype, OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND

scholarly journals Experimental realization of high-fidelity quantum logic gate between photons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Shi ◽  
Biao Xu ◽  
Kuan Zhang ◽  
Gen-Sheng Ye ◽  
De-Sheng Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Logic ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Single Photons ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Experimental Realization ◽  
Quantum Logic Gate

Abstract Quantum logic gates with fidelity above fault-tolerant threshold are building blocks for scalable quantum technologies[1,2]. Compared to other types of qubits, photon is one of a kind due to its unparalleled advantages in long-distance quantum information exchange[3-5]. As a result, high-fidelity photonic quantum operations are not only indispensable for photonic quantum computation[6-8] but also critical for quantum network[2,9]. However, two-qubit photonic quantum logic gate with fidelity comparable to that of leading physical systems, i.e. 99.7% for superconducting circuits[10] and 99.9% for trapped ions[11], has not been achieved. A major limitation is the imperfection of single photons[12]. Here, we overcome this limitation by using high-quality single photons generated from Rydberg atoms as qubits for the interference-based gate protocol, and achieve a gate fidelity up to 99.84(3)%. Our work paves the way for scalable photonic quantum applications[13-15] based on near-optimal single-photon qubits and photon-photon gates.

Reconfigurable Logic Gates Based on Programable Multistable Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zanaty ◽  
Hubert Schneegans ◽  
Ilan Vardi ◽  
Simon Henein
Keyword(s):  
Logic Gate ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Reconfigurable Logic ◽  
Logical Function ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Binary Logic ◽  
Geometric Data ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Binary logic gates are building blocks of computing machines, in particular, electronic computers. One variant is the programable logic gate, also known as the reconfigurable logic gate, in which the logical function implemented can be modified. In this paper, we construct a mechanism to implement a reconfigurable logic gate. This mechanism is based on the concept of programable multistable mechanisms which we introduced in previous work. The application of a programable multistable mechanism is superior to the different bistable mechanisms previously used to implement logic gates since a single mechanism can be used to implement several logic functions. Our reconfigurable logic gates use a novel geometric construction where the geometric data depend on the stability behavior of the mechanism. There are 16 binary logic gates and our construction can theoretically produce nine of these and our physical model produces six logical gates. Input and output of the mechanism are displacement and the mechanisms can be combined serially, i.e., output of a mechanism is an input for another. We show that we can implement nor and nand gates, so combinations of our mechanism can express any logical function. The mechanism is therefore theoretically universal, i.e., implement any computation. We give an analytic model of the mechanism based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory to find the geometric data, then validate it using finite element analysis and experimental demonstration.

Design of Universal Logic Gates Using Homo and Hetero-Junction Double Gate TFETs with Pseudo-Derived Logic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokesh B ◽  
Sai Pavan kumar K ◽  
Pown M ◽  
Lakshmi B
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Logic Circuits ◽  
Logic Circuit ◽  
Nand Gate ◽  
Double Gate ◽  
Nor Gate ◽  
Nor Logic Gate

Abstract This work explores homo and hetero-junction Tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) based NAND and NOR logic circuits using 30 nm technology and compares their performance in terms of power consumption and propagation delay. By implementing homo-junction TFET based NAND and NOR logic circuits, it has been observed that NAND consumes less power than NOR gate, since current drawn by PTFET in pull-up network of NOR gate is higher. The delay of homo-junction TFET based NOR logic gate is lesser than that of NAND gate due to its reduced internal capacitances. To meet the enhanced performance of both NAND and NOR logic circuits, shorted and independent double gate hetero-junction (GaSb-InAs) TFETs are designed and implemented. In order to reduce both power consumption and delay further, Pseudo-derived logic is implemented in NAND and NOR logic circuits for the first time. Hetero-junction TFET based NAND with Pseudo-derived logic circuit shows lesser propagation delay of 103 times and reduction in power consumption by 0.75 times compared to hetero-junction NAND logic circuit. Hetero-junction TFET based NOR with Pseudo-derived logic shows that the reduction in power consumption is of 103 times and less propagation delay than that of hetero-junction NOR logic circuit

scholarly journals All-Optical Universal Logic Gates at Nano-scale Dimensions

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Saif Al-Tameemi ◽  
Mohammed Nadhim Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Nand Gate ◽  
Universal Logic ◽  
Extension Ratio ◽  
Optical Computers ◽  
All Optical

Though photonics displays an attractive solution to the speed limitation of electronics, decreasing the size of photonic devices is one of the major problems with implementing  photonic integrated circuits that are regarded the challenges to produce all-optical computers. Plasmonic can solve these problems, it be a potential solution to fill the gaps in the electronics (large bandwidth and ultra-high speed) and photonics (diffraction limit due to miniaturization size). In this paper, Nano-rings Insulator-Metal-Insulator (IMI) plasmonic waveguides has been used to propose, design, simulate, and perform all-optical universal logic gates (NOR and NAND gates). By using Finite Element Method (FEM), the structure of the proposed plasmonic universal logic gates are designed and numerically simulated by two dimensions (2-D) structure. Silver and Glass materials were chosen to construct proposed structure. The function of the proposed plasmonic NOR and NAND logic gates was achieved by destructive and constructive interferences principle. The performance of the proposed device is measured by three criteria; the transmission, extension ratio, and modulation depth. Numerical simulations show that a transmission threshold (0.3) which allows achieving the proposed plasmonic universal logic gates in one structure at 1550 nm operating wavelength. The properties of this devise was as follows: The transmission exceeds 100% in one state of NAND gate, medium values of Extension Ratio, very high MD values, and very small foot print. In the future, this device will be the access to the nanophotonic integrated circuits and it has regarded fundamental building blocks for all-optical computers.  

Different modulation schemes for direct and external modulators based on various laser sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazem M. El-Hageen ◽  
P.G. Kuppusamy ◽  
Aadel M. Alatwi ◽  
M. Sivaram ◽  
Z. Ahamed Yasar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rate Equation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Optical Link ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Modulation Techniques ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Laser Sources ◽  
Modulation Schemes

AbstractDifferent types of laser source modulation techniques have been used in various applications depending on the objective. As optical systems extract the laws and the best solutions from experiments and simulations, the present study uses simulation software with different modulation types so the output signals can be compared. The modulators used are Mach-Zehnder, which is an external modulator, and electro-absorption modulator and laser rate equation modulator, which are direct modulators. All these types have an optical link multimode (MM) fiber with a photodiode in the receiver end that can be modeled. The input and output signals are analyzed using different types of modulations.

scholarly journals Analyzing AgriFood-Tech e-Business Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5516
Author(s):  
Maro Vlachopoulou ◽  
Christos Ziakis ◽  
Kostas Vergidis ◽  
Michael Madas
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Value Proposition ◽  
Business Model Canvas ◽  
Logistics Services ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Online Searches

The agribusiness sector shows tremendous growth and sustainability prospects by exploiting the challenges of “AgriFood-Tech” business models in the digital environment, by encouraging innovation, accelerating institutional and structural change, enhancing productivity, and introducing new products and services to the market. The purpose of this study is to investigate different types of “AgriFood-Tech” digital models and analyze their role in the agribusiness and AgriFood sector. Based on relevant literature research, the authors present and discuss five indicative examples of “AgriFood-Tech” models, using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) framework. The methodology included the analysis of the components of innovative AgriFood innovative business models paradigms, such as distribution channels, key partnerships, customer selection and relationships, financial viability, and value proposition. The goal was to explore their building blocks and the required decisions that create, deliver, and capture value. Our findings highlight the importance of specific features of the models, including online sharing of information between the stakeholders, online searches of agri-products, and logistics services in the agribusiness sector.

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