scholarly journals Czech family policy

2018 ◽  
pp. 457-466
Author(s):  
Biljana Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fertility Trend

The paper presents the development and transformation of the Czech population policy since the 1950s. It changed from the pronatalist, carried out at a time when the Czech Republic was part of the communist Czechoslovakia, to mostly social in the time of the transition from the 1990s, and the actualization and introduction of new measures in the last decade. The measures that were defined and implemented over a certain period of time represented the state?s response to the family and reproductive behavior of the population, most often reflected in low fertility, largely determined by the current social, economic and cultural conditions. In this sense, the period of the greatest challenges came after 1989, with the transformation of the social and political system and the great economic and social changes that followed, as well as the decline in fertility to an extremely low level. At that time, family policy excluded the pronatalist incentives and benefits and only kept social measures aimed at reducing poverty and alleviating inequalities. Since the early 2000s, new measures have been defined and implemented, motivated by the need to stop and change the declining fertility trend that reached the lowest level (TFR 1.13 in 1999), by looking at the possible negative socio-economic consequences, as well as the recommendations and directives of the European Union, member of which became Czech Republic in 2004. Since 2000, the decline in fertility stopped, TFR reached 1.43 in 2011 and according to data for 2016, it was 1.63 children per woman.

Instituting Europe: Germany, the Union, and the Legacy of the Short Century

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Michael Werz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Crucial Question ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Federal Structure

Recent debates about the future of the European Union have focusedin large part on institutional reforms, the deficit of democratic legitimacy,and the problem of economic and agrarian policies. As importantas these issues may be, the most crucial question at the momentis not whether Europe will prevail as a union of nations or as a thoroughlyintegrated federal structure. What is of much greater concernis the fact that political structures and their corresponding politicaldiscourses have lagged far behind the social changes occurring inEuropean societies. The pivotal transformation of 1989 has not beengrasped intellectually or politically, even though its results areincreasingly visible in both the east and west.

scholarly journals Het belang van sociaal tolken als instrument van tolerantie in het kader van de huidige vluchtelingen- en arbeidsmigratie

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (5 Zeszyt specjalny) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Pavlína Knap-Dlouhá ◽  
Kateřina Křížová
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Professional Profile ◽  
New Perspective

As a result of social changes in society in Western Europe at the end of the 20th century, it was recognised that a new perspective on interpreting science was needed. For a long time, community interpreting was ignored or considered inferior in comparison to the dominant interpreting mode, namely, conference interpreting. Intensifying trade contacts and labour migration within the European Union have, in combination with the current influx of refugees, led to a high demand for interpreting services in the field of social and legal interpreting. Additionally, there is only a limited number of qualified interpreters available on the market, especially in combinations of less widely-spoken languages. The lack of qualified community interpreters and translators has direct consequences for delays in the functioning of certain government bodies and social services. The same applies to the quality of healthcare provided and to the social climate. Increasing the scale of interpreting and translation assignments, changing the professional profile of the interpreter and raising the demand for the provision of language services in specific language combinations are clear signals for small philological departments to offer their students the opportunity to specialise in this area. For this reason, two projects are presented in this article, both of which aim at promoting know-how in the field of social interpreters and at developing modules in social interpreting and translation.

THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM IN THE POST-COVID PERIOD. KEY FEATURES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Boris P. Guseletov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Eastern Partnership ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Partnership Program ◽  
The Eu

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the European Union’s Eastern Partnership program in the post-COVID period. It considers the main features of that program in modern conditions and further prospects for its de- velopment, taking into account the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for the European Union and the countries participating in this program. The author analyzes the EU leadership attitude to the individual participants of the program and identifies priorities in relation to the various countries represen- ted in it. To overcome the social and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, the European Commission decided to provide financial assistance to the participating countries, but the amount of the assistance for individual countries depended on the state of relations between the European Union and the leadership of those countries. It is proved in the article that the European Union currently has the most favorable relations with three countries parti- cipating in the program: Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine, which have openly declared a policy of rapprochement with the European Union in the political and economic fields. The author outlines positions of all the countries and their expectations of participating in the program in the nearest future as well as in the longer term.

NATIONAL HOUSING PROGRAM OF THE MAIN STRATEGIC AND PROGRAM DOCUMENT FOR THE CURRENT STATE RESIDENTIAL POLICY OF THE STATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Anna Gołębiowska ◽  
Dariusz Prokopowicz
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Open Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Housing Program ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
The Government

Launched in April 2016, the Family 500 Plus program significantly reduces the scale of poverty in large families, contributes to the growth of consumption and perhaps also to the increase in fertility in Poland. The second key program of social family policy in Poland launched in December 2016 is the Flat Plus program. This program, through the improvement of the housing situation, should fulfill important functions of housing policy in the scope of reducing the social stratification of families in Poland. The main objective of the Flat Plus program is to significantly increase the availability of flats, especially low-cost rental apartments, with the option of purchasing property after 20-30 years of use. The consequence of developing this program on a larger scale in the coming years will be offering such housing primarily for families who have not been able to rent and buy flats on the open market due to low incomes and lack of creditworthiness. If the plan adopted by the government to develop the Flat Plus program in the coming years will be implemented by 2030, the level of housing availability for citizens in Poland will reach a level close to the average in the European Union.

scholarly journals Will China’s “Two-child in One Family” Policy to Spur Population Growth Work?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Fang Lieming
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Strategic Issue

The population problem has always been a fundamental, overall and strategic issue faced by the human society. While China’s family planning policy has promoted China’s economic development and social progress, the “two-child” policy failed to receive satisfactory result. Confronted by China’s low fertility rate, efforts must be done from many aspects to spur population growth: establish the National Population Security Council, strengthen the selection and appointment of population policy makers, strengthen the family values, adopt incentive measures to increase fertility, and so on. The “two-child” policy has been carried out for more than three years, and the policy is still facing the test of time. China’s “two-child” policy is still a transitional policy, and the final solution will be to abandon birth control.

scholarly journals Childcare for Children under Three Years of Age from Mothers’ Point of View within the International Context

Pedagogika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Grůzová ◽  
Zora Syslová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
International Context ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Interviews

The present study brings a discussion on institutional care and education for children under three into the professional discourse. In the introduction, the authors introduce the historical context of care for children under the age of three in the Czech Republic and compare it with the situation elsewhere in the European Union. The core of the article was mothers’ viewpoint on facilities for children under three in the Czech Republic. A qualitative probe answers the question, “How do mothers perceive facilities for children under three years of age?” In-depth interviews revealed that the mothers who were addressed have a wide range of motives for deciding to place a child under three years of age in institutional care. Ultimately, however, they seek to satisfy the needs of their child. The situation of the sample that was monitored is in many respects comparable to foreign studies, even though the Czech situation regarding these services has specific features because of its historical development. Keywords: early childhood education, day care institutions in the Czech Republic, state family policy, mothers

Reflections on Living Through the Changes in Eastern Europe

1997 ◽  
Vol 552 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
SONA HERMOCHOVA
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Social Fragmentation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Skill Building

In this article, the author reflects on the changes in the Czech Republic since 1989, including the subjective experiences of new-found freedom, the initial influx of foreign experts and visitors, and the unanticipated difficulties, such as rising crime rates, that have accompanied these changes. The article focuses on the social fragmentation, hardships, and disillusionment that have been part of the post-socialist experience. The author emphasizes the importance of research in better understanding the recent social changes in the Czech Republic and suggests that skill building in negotiation, communication, and problem solving is greatly needed to manage the impact of these changes.

Countermeasures to Japan's declining birthrate: history, current situation and problems

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marriage Behavior

PurposeSince 1974, Japan's total fertility rate has been constantly below replacement level. The purpose of this paper is to focus on Japan's low fertility issue and countermeasures that were adopted, in order to explore the reasons why the countermeasures were unable to solve the problem?Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyzes both the historical changes and the current situation of Japan's countermeasures. It also focuses on how in Japan marriage behavior and couples' fertility behavior changed during the implementation of the countermeasures from both objective and subjective perspectives. Based on results of the analysis, the paper explores the inherent problems regarding the countermeasures.FindingsThe paper shows that there is no sign that Japan's low fertility could be overcome, and puts forward three problems regarding the countermeasures. The paper suggests paying greater attention to the contradictions in the current policies and to go beyond the field of family policy and population policy to consider the following questions from a more macro perspective: (1) how to make fertility more desirable and meaningful and (2) how to encourage the related social systems to promote people's spontaneity both in marriage and childbearing.Originality/valueThe paper uses the latest data and focuses on analyzing the countermeasures from a more macro perspective rather than discussing specific problems of the countermeasures. Based on both objective data and subjective views and, given the characteristics of Japanese society, the paper explores in depth the problems regarding the countermeasures. By improving empirical knowledge, the paper seeks to contribute more generally to low fertility countries' “fertility revival”.

scholarly journals Social status of motherhood with special reference to Serbia today

Sociologija ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Sekulic
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Patriarchal Family ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Idea

The paper deals with the problem of the theoretical exploration of maternity and motherhood as a feminist political idea and includes the overview of the social practices and methods aimed at strengthening maternity and parenting in modern states, emphasizing the issue of the political support and social status of motherhood in Serbia today. The general trend in current changes is the separation of the population policy from the social policy of family planning, and deterioration of the social status of parenthood and motherhood, while the formal legal framework and ideas for improving the gender equality has been nominally improved, which contributes to their impracticability. Recent changes and adoption of new laws dealing with family and parenthood are fully adapted to the neoliberal transformation of Serbia, within which the social position of women is getting worse. In response, nationalist and patriarchal family policy are reinforced in the broader society. The article highlights the importance of examining women?s experiences and needs of women related to their reproduction and maternity, as a necessary starting point for developing appropriate policies in the wider society.

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