scholarly journals Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral activities of the leaf extracts of Syzygium myrtifolium

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-328
Author(s):  
MUSTAFFA ALBAKRI AHMAD ◽  
YI HUI LIM ◽  
YIK SIN CHAN ◽  
CHUN-YUAN HSU ◽  
TZONG-YUAN WU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Antiviral Activities

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and biological activities of the leaf extracts of Syzygium myrtifolium Walp. (Myrtaceae). The results indicate that the leaf extracts of S. myrtifolium contain various classes of phytochemicals (alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids) and possess antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. Ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and water extracts exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) oxygen radical absorbance capacity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power than the hexane and chloroform extracts. However, all extracts exhibited stronger inhibitory activity against four tested species of yeasts (minimal inhibitory concentration: 0.02–0.31 mg mL–1) than against six tested species of bacteria (minimal inhibitory concentration: 0.16–1.25 mg mL–1). The ethanolic extract offered the highest protection of Vero cells (viability > 70 %) from the cytopathic effect caused by the Chikungunya virus while the ethyl acetate extract showed significant replication inhibitory activity against the virus (p < 0.001) using the replicon-enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter system.

scholarly journals Costus aferPossesses Carbohydrate Hydrolyzing Enzymes Inhibitory Activity and Antioxidant CapacityIn Vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armelle D. Tchamgoue ◽  
Lauve R. Y. Tchokouaha ◽  
Protus A. Tarkang ◽  
Jules-Roger Kuiate ◽  
Gabriel A. Agbor
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Hydrolyzing Enzymes

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of glucose metabolism which correlates with postprandial hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Control of blood glucose level is imperative in the management of diabetes. The present study tested the hypothesis thatCostus afer, an antihyperglycemic medicinal plant, possesses inhibitory activity against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes. Hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts were prepared from the leaf, stem, and rhizome ofC. aferand subjected to phytochemical screening, assayed forα-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibitory activities and antioxidant capacity (determined by total phenolic and total flavonoids contents, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and DPPH radical scavenging activity). All extracts inhibitedα-amylase andα-glucosidase activities. Ethyl acetate rhizome and methanol leaf extracts exhibited the best inhibitory activity againstα-amylase andα-glucosidase (IC50: 0.10 and 5.99 mg/mL), respectively. Kinetic analysis revealed two modes of enzyme inhibition (competitive and mixed). All extracts showed antioxidant capacity, with hexane extracts exhibiting the best activity. DPPH assay revealed that methanol leaf, rhizome, and ethyl acetate stem extracts (IC50< 5 mg/mL) were the best antioxidants. The presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, and tannins may account for the antioxidant capacity and carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme inhibitory activity ofC. afer.

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Different Polar Solvent Extracts from Oxalis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 240-246
Author(s):  
Xue Jing Qiu ◽  
Ying Zi He ◽  
Xiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Polar Solvent ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Butanol Extract

The Oxalis extract was obtained by soaking with ethanol, then mixed with distilled water and successively extracted using chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The four different polar solvent (chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, aqueous) extracts were evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain four kinds of crude extractum. Antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Albicans Saccharomyces and Pseudomonas aeruginosa of the four fractions were studied by minimal inhibitory concentration method (MIC). The results indicated that the chloroform extract and n-butanol extract from red Oxalis have no antimicrobial activity to the above 4 bacteria; the ethyl acetate extract showed significant inhibitory activities to the above 4 bacteria, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 2560ug/ml, 1280ug/ml, 2560ug/ml, 2560ug/ml respectively; the aqueous extract have inhibitory activity to Escherichia coli and Albicans Saccharomyces, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 2560ug/ml, 2560ug/ml respectively, but it has no antimicrobial effect on the other two kinds of bacteria. The chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract from yellow Oxalis have no antimicrobial activity to the above 4 bacteria; the n-butanol extract has inhibitory activity to Escherichia coli, Albicans Saccharomyces and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 5120ug/ml, 5120ug/ml, 5120ug/ml respectively, but it has no antimicrobial effect on Staphylococcus aureus; the aqueous extract have inhibitory activity to Escherichia coli and Albicans Saccharomyces, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 2560ug/ml, 5120ug/ml respectively, but it has no antimicrobial effect on the other two kinds of bacteria.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Potential and Chemical Composition of Crocus sativus Leaf Extracts

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Olha Mykhailenko ◽  
Vilma Petrikaite ◽  
Michal Korinek ◽  
Fang-Rong Chang ◽  
Mohamed El-Shazly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Hplc Fingerprint ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Crocus sativus L. (saffron) has been traditionally used as a food coloring or flavoring agent, but recent research has shown its potent pharmacological activity to tackle several health-related conditions. Crocus sp. leaves, and petals are the by-products of saffron production and are not usually used in the medicine or food industries. The present study was designed to determine the chemical composition of the water and ethanolic extracts of C. sativus leaves and test their cytotoxic activity against melanoma (IGR39) and triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines by MTT assay. We also determined their anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral activities. HPLC fingerprint analysis showed the presence of 16 compounds, including hydroxycinnamic acids, xanthones, flavonoids, and isoflavonoids, which could contribute to the extracts’ biological activities. For the first time, compounds such as tectoridin, iristectorigenin B, nigricin, and irigenin were identified in Crocus leaf extracts. The results showed that mangiferin (up to 2 mg/g dry weight) and isoorientin (8.5 mg/g dry weight) were the major active ingredients in the leaf extracts. The ethanolic extract reduced the viability of IGR39 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells with EC50 = 410 ± 100 and 330 ± 40 µg/mL, respectively. It was more active than the aqueous extract. Kaempferol and quercetin were identified as the most active compounds. Our results showed that Crocus leaves contain secondary metabolites with potent cytotoxic and antioxidant activities.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oils of Schinus weinmannifolius Collected in the Spring and Winter

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900
Author(s):  
Camila Hernandes ◽  
Silvia H. Taleb-Contini ◽  
Ana Carolina D. Bartolomeu ◽  
Bianca W. Bertoni ◽  
Suzelei C. França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Action ◽  
Pharmacological Profile

Reports on the chemical and pharmacological profile of the essential oil of Schinus weinmannifolius do not exist, although other Schinus species have been widely investigated for their biological activities. This work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of S. weinmannifolius collected in the spring and winter. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation, analyzed by GC/MS and submitted to microdilution tests, to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. The oils displayed different chemical composition and antimicrobial action. Bicyclogermacrene and limonene predominated in the oils extracted in the winter and spring, respectively, whereas only the latter oil exhibited antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination of disinfectant and/or sterilizing agents

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Gava Mazzola ◽  
Angela Faustino Jozala ◽  
Letícia Célia de Lencastre Novaes ◽  
Patricia Moriel ◽  
Thereza Christina Vessoni Penna
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

Due to the growing number of outbreaks of infection in hospital and nurseries, it becomes essential to set up a sanitation program that indicates that the appropriate chemical agent was chosen for application in the most effective way. Validating the effectiveness of decontamination and disinfection is an important and often challenging task. In order to study and compare the behavior of selected microorganisms, they were submitted to minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC intervals, which reduced bacteria populations over 6 log10, were: 59 to 156 mg/L of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs); 63 to 10000 mg/L of chlorhexidine; 1375 to 3250 mg/L of glutaraldehyde; 39 to 246 mg/L of formaldehyde; 43750 to 87500 mg/L of ethanol; 1250 to 6250 mg/L of iodine in polyvinyl-pyrolidone complexes, 150 to 4491 mg/L of chlorine-releasing-agents (CRAs) and 469 to 2500 mg/L of hydrogen peroxide. Chlorhexidine showed non inhibitory activity over germinating spores. A. calcoaceticus showed resistance to the majority of the agents tested, followed by E. cloacae and S. marcescens.

scholarly journals Chemical Profiling and Biological Properties of Extracts from Different Parts of Colchicum Szovitsii Subsp. Szovitsii

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Rocchetti ◽  
Biancamaria Senizza ◽  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
Murat Ali Okur ◽  
Domenico Montesano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Orthogonal Projections ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Latent Structures

Like other members of the Colchicum genus, C. szovitsii subsp. szovitsii is also of medicinal importance in Turkish traditional medicine. However, its biological properties have not been fully investigated. Herein, we focused on the evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects of flower, root and leaf extracts, obtained using different extraction methods. In addition, a comprehensive (poly)-phenolic and alkaloid profiling of the different extracts was undertaken. In this regard, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) allowed us to putatively annotate 195 polyphenols and 87 alkaloids. The most abundant polyphenols were flavonoids (83 compounds), whilst colchicine and 2-demethylcolchicine were some of the most widespread alkaloids in each extract analyzed. However, our findings showed that C. szovitsii leaf extracts were a superior source of both total polyphenols and total alkaloids (being, on average 24.00 and 2.50 mg/g, respectively). Overall, methanolic leaf extracts showed the highest (p < 0.05) ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reducing power (on average 109.52 mgTE/g) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging (on average 90.98 mgTE/g). Interestingly, each C. szovitsii methanolic extract was more active than the water extracts when considering enzymatic inhibition such as against tyrosinase, glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Strong correlations (p < 0.01) were also observed between polyphenols/alkaloids and the biological activities determined. Multivariate statistics based on supervised orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) allowed for the detection of those compounds most affected by the different extraction methods. Therefore, this is the first detailed evidence showing that C. szovitsii subsp. szovitsii might provide beneficial effects against oxidative stress and the associated chronic diseases. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanisms of action need to be further investigated.

scholarly journals Some Biological Activities of Malaysian Leech Saliva Extract

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdualrahman M. Abdualkader ◽  
Ahmed Merzouk ◽  
Abbas Mohammed Ghawi ◽  
And Mohammed Alaama
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Saliva Concentration

Leeches were fed on the phagostimulatory solution through parafilm membrane. The satiated leeches were forced to regurgitate the solution by soaking them in an ice-container. The anticoagulant activity was ascertained using thrombin time assay (TT). The result revealed that the saliva concentration which increases TT by 100% (IC100) is 43.205µg/ml plasma. The antimicrobial activity of the saliva was tested against several bacterial spp. (E.coli, P.aeruginosa, B.cereus, Sal.typhi and S.aureus)  and fungi spp. (C.albicans and C.neoformans). It was found that saliva has an inhibition activity against Sal.typhi (minimal inhibitory concentration MIC 78.253µg/ml), S.aureus (MIC 78.253µg/ml) and E.coli (MIC 121.256µg/ml).ABSTRAK: Pacat-pacat diberi makan larutan phagostimulatory menerusi membran parafilem. Pacat-pacat yang kekenyangan itu dipaksa memuntahkan larutan tersebut dengan direndam di dalam bekas berisi ais. Aktiviti antigumpal ditentukan menggunakan cerakin masa trombin (TT). Keputusan menunjukkan kepekatan air liur pacat menyebabkan pertambahan TT sebanyak 100% (IC100) iaitu 43.205µg/ml plasma. Aktiviti antimikrob air liur telah diuji dengan pelbagai jenis bakteria (E.coli, P.aeruginosa, B.cereus, Sal.typhi dan S.aureus) dan pelbagai jenis kulat (C.albicans and C.neoformans). Didapati air liur menghasilkan aktiviti perencatan terhadap Sal.typhi (kepekatan perencat minima (Minimal inhibitory concentration - MIC) 78.253µg/ml), S.aureus (MIC 78.253µg/ml) dan E.coli (MIC 121.256µg/ml).

scholarly journals IN-VITROSTUDIES ON ANTIFUNGALACTIVITY OF SOMEMISTLETOE SPECIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. 420-427
Author(s):  
R. Neelima ◽  
◽  
B. Sujatha ◽  
N.V. Ramana ◽  
B.V. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts

In vitro evaluation of antifungal activity by disc diffusion method was carried out on leaf extracts of D.falcata, D. falcata var pubescens, V. monoicum and V. orientale and stem extracts of D. falcata, D. falcata var pubescens, V. articulatum and V.orientale using three different solvents viz., methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The antifungal activity was tested on three fungal strains include Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora infestans, Sclerotium rolfsii. Overall leaf extracts exerted better inhibitory activity than stem counterparts. Among all, only V. orientale was effective against the three fungal species.Compared to stem extracts, leaf extracts of D. falcata var pubescens have shown higher antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Kandungan Fitokimia, Potensi Antibakteri dan Antioksidan Hasil Ekstraksi Caulerpa racemosa dengan Pelarut Berbeda

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endar Marraskuranto ◽  
Muhammad Nursid ◽  
Swestri Utami ◽  
Iriani Setyaningsih ◽  
Kustiariyah Tarman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Caulerpa Racemosa ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Assay ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

Caulerpa racemosa merupakan rumput laut hijau yang mengandung senyawa aktif yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dan antioksidan. Perbedaan profil fitokimia dan bioaktivitas suatu ekstrak dipengaruhi oleh kepolaran pelarut ekstraksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari profil fitokimia, aktivitas antibakteri dan antioksidan ekstrak C. racemosa. Ekstrak diperoleh dari sampel segar C. racemosa yang dimaserasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol. Uji antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode Resazurin Microtitter Assay (REMA) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji menggunakan metode 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) dan Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). Hasil penapisan fitokimia memperlihatkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana mengandung alkaloid dan triterpenoid, sedangkan ekstrak etil asetat dan metanol mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, fenol, dan steroid. Aktivitas antibakteri terbaik ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak etil asetat dengan nilai Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) terhadap E. coli sebesar 250 mg/mL. Ekstrak etil asetat C. racemosa juga memperlihatkan aktivitas antioksidan terbaik dengan nilai IC50 DPPH sebesar 110,7 mg/mL dan nilai FRAP sebesar 96,68 mmol Fe (II)/g. ABSTRACTCaulerpa racemosa is a green seaweed that contains active compounds that are potential for antibacterial and antioxidant. The phytochemical constituents and bioactivity of an extract depend on the extraction solvent polarity. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical profiles, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of C. racemosa extracts. Extracts were obtained from the fresh C. racemosa samples that were macerated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Antibacterial assay was tested by Resazurin Microtiter Assay (REMA) method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidant activity was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method. Phytochemical screening showed that n-hexane extract contained alkaloid and triterpenoid, while ethyl acetate and methanol extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and steroids. The most active extract in the antibacterial assay was ethyl acetate extract with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 250 mg/mL against E. coli. Ethyl acetate extract of C. racemosa also showed the best antioxidant activity where the IC50 of DPPH value was 110.7 mg/mL and the FRAP value was 96.68 mmol Fe(II)/g.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profile and Biological Properties of Colchicum triphyllum (Meadow Saffron)

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biancamaria Senizza ◽  
Gabriele Rocchetti ◽  
Murat Ali Okur ◽  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
Evren Yıldıztugay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
First Time

In this work, the phytochemical profile and the biological properties of Colchicum triphyllum (an unexplored Turkish cultivar belonging to Colchicaceae) have been comprehensively investigated for the first time. Herein, we focused on the evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects of flower, tuber, and leaf extracts, obtained using different extraction methods, namely maceration (both aqueous and methanolic), infusion, and Soxhlet. Besides, the complete phenolic and alkaloid untargeted metabolomic profiling of the different extracts was investigated. In this regard, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) allowed us to putatively annotate 285 compounds when considering the different matrix extracts, including mainly alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, phenolic acids, and tyrosol equivalents. The most abundant polyphenols were flavonoids (119 compounds), while colchicine, demecolcine, and lumicolchicine isomers were some of the most widespread alkaloids in each extract analyzed. In addition, our findings showed that C. triphyllum tuber extracts were a superior source of both total alkaloids and total polyphenols, being on average 2.89 and 10.41 mg/g, respectively. Multivariate statistics following metabolomics allowed for the detection of those compounds most affected by the different extraction methods. Overall, C. triphyllum leaf extracts showed a strong in vitro antioxidant capacity, in terms of cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC; on average 96.45 mg Trolox Equivalents (TE)/g) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reducing power (on average 66.86 mg TE/g). Interestingly, each C. triphyllum methanolic extract analyzed (i.e., from tuber, leaf, and flower) was active against the tyrosinase in terms of inhibition, recording the higher values for methanolic macerated leaves (i.e., 125.78 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g). On the other hand, moderate inhibitory activities were observed against AChE and α-amylase. Strong correlations (p < 0.01) were also observed between the phytochemical profiles and the biological activities determined. Therefore, our findings highlighted, for the first time, the potential of C. triphhyllum extracts in food and pharmaceutical applications.

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