scholarly journals Isolation Rate of Campylobacter Spp. and Detection of Virulence Genes of Campylobacter jejuni Across the Broiler Chain

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljupco Angelovski ◽  
Zagorka Popova ◽  
Katerina Blagoevska ◽  
Sandra Mojsova ◽  
Marija Ratkova Manovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Microbiological Method ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Virulence Markers ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
One Year ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Abstract The aim of the study was to identify the isolation rate of thermotolerant campylobacters in a small-scale broiler-meat production farm over a one-year period. The second deliverable of the study was to determine the potential virulence markers. The laboratory investigation was performed on 283 samples (cloacal swabs, caeca, carcass swabs) collected on three sampling points (farm, slaughter line, and cold storage). The isolates obtained with the conventional microbiological method were confirmed with multiplex PCR for identification of campylobacters. The presence of 10 virulence genes was analyzed in the C. jejuni isolates ( flaA, racR, virB11, dnaJ, wlaN, cadF, ciaB, cdtA, cdtB, cdtC). Out of 283 samples, 169 (59.7%) were confirmed as Campylobacter spp., 111 (39.2%) C. jejuni, and 43 (15.2%) C. coli. C. jejuni was the most prevalent in all sampling points. Campylobacter spp. showed a characteristically seasonal prevalence with the highest isolation rate during the warmer period of the year. We detected the cadF and ciaB genes in all C. jejuni isolates. The flaA gene was present in 50% of the examined strains. The cdt genes (cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC) were confirmed in 52.8%, 52.8%, and 47.2% of the C. jejuni strains, respectively. C. jejuni showed 15 profiles of virulence patterns with four predominant profiles.

scholarly journals Rural women empowerment through small scale poultry farming: A case study of Vattamkulam model, Malappuram

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
S. L. Gayathri ◽  
M. Muhammed Asif
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Short Period

Abstract: The Animal husbandry department of Kerala and local self-government department and Kudumbashree mission has started a plan during 2018-19 entitled “Backyard broiler farming” at Vattamkulam Gramapanchayath, Edappal, Malappuram district. The said plan was advertised as ‘Earn money at your doorstep through broiler farming’ and was welcomed by more than 40 household women. The farmers who owned a land area, not less than 10 cents were selected for this model. The local self- Government provided the shelter arrangements including cages for free of cost. The Animal husbandry department has supplied chicks (Day old Cobb varieties) and feed and aided Kudumbashree unit to market these broilers. The speciality of broiler farming is that within a short period (35 – 40 days) a chick gains an average weight of 2 – 2.3 kg, which can be sold at market to earn a reasonable margin of profit for farmers. The usual mortality rate was 5% for broiler farming, but it was less than 2 % in this model. Modified vaccination protocol against the viral disease Gumboro (I.B.D), has been adopted for this model to reduce the mortality rate. Also, antibiotics as feed additives were not supplemented in this model. Within 40 days, these women entrepreneurs are getting a good profit from meat production alone. This broiler meat is marketed under the brand name of Vattamkulam Safe Chicken. The Vattamkulam backyard broiler farming helps the household women support themselves and provide safe and quality meat to society in which they belong. Keywords: Women empowerment, Vattamkulam Model, Broiler farming

scholarly journals Investigating Carriage, Contamination, Antimicrobial Resistance and Assessment of Colonization Risk Factors of Campylobacter spp. in Broilers from Selected Farms in Thika, Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwajuma K. Abubakar ◽  
Anne W. T. Muigai ◽  
Perpetual Ndung’u ◽  
Samuel Kariuki
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North East ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Aims: To investigate carriage and contamination rates of chicken broiler meat, the factors that are associated with Campylobacter spp. colonization and its phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance from Thika small-scale poultry farms. Study Design: The study design was cross-sectional and laboratory based, it employed simple random sampling across 18 small-scale farms. Site and Duration of Study: The study was conducted between August and December 2017 at Thika sub-county, a town located 42 Km North East of Nairobi. Methodology: One hundred and eighty five cloaca swab samples from live broilers and 158 neck swab samples from broiler carcasses were collected. Isolates were obtained by plating method using mCCDA, conventional methods and duplex PCR were used for the isolation and identification of Campylobacter species. Results: Carriage prevalence was at 15.67%, significantly (P = .000) lower than contamination prevalence detected at 30.37%. While the overall Campylobacter spp. prevalence was 22.45%.  Risk of Campylobacter colonization in the flock doubled in feeding broilers with chicken waste and older poultry, at (OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 0.19 - 34.47) and (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 0.312 - 12.84) respectively. The Campylobacter spp. were resistant (P < .05) against Ciprofloxacin, Streptomycin, and Trimethoprim between carriage and contamination. MDR was 79.22%; XDR was 12.98% while no PDR recorded. Conclusion: Broilers in Thika region are potentially important source of human infection and possible continuity of infection from the threat posed by Campylobacter carrier broilers. Presence of sulI and dhfr genes with high resistance observed for quinolones, sulfonamides, ß-lactams and trimethoprim, thus posing a major public health problem for consumers of poultry products.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. among imported broiler drumsticks and wings sold in Lithuania

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominyka Baltutytė ◽  
Laura Babonytė ◽  
Sigita Ramonaitė
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The aim of this research was to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter in imported broiler drumsticks and wings. During the one-year study period, 138 imported broiler samples (raw wings and drumsticks) were collected and tested from 3 different sellers. Campylobacter spp. were detected and isolated using traditional microbiological methods, identified using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The results of PCR products were analysed in agarose gel using electrophoresis. After an epidemiological study, C. jejuni and C. coli strains were selected and the prevalence of virulence genes was evaluated. The study identified Campylobacter spp. in 36 (26.1%) samples – 19 raw wings (27.9%) and 17 raw drumsticks (24.3%) samples were infected with these bacteria. Campylobacter spp. were most frequently detected in raw broiler samples during autumn (September–November) (47.2%) and winter (December–February) (41.6%) periods than spring (March–May) (5.5%) or summer (June–August) (5.5%). Contamination of products was not significantly impacted by the sale location (p > 0.05). The examination of virulence factors of Campylobacter spp. revealed that C. jejuni and C. coli strains contain 2 out of 3 virulence genes – CadF and CdtA. The CdtA gene was found in nearly all tested Campylobacter spp. strains isolated from broiler samples (94.4%).

scholarly journals Phylogenetic group determination and plasmid virulence gene profiles of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli originated from the broiler meat supply chain in Bogor, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1807-1814
Author(s):  
Irma Rahayuningtyas ◽  
Agustin Indrawati ◽  
I Wayan Teguh Wibawan ◽  
Maria Fatima Palupi ◽  
Istiyaningsih Istiyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gene Profiles

Background and Aim: Pathogenic Escherichia coli contamination along the broiler meat supply chain is a serious public health concern. This bacterial infection with multidrug-resistant can lead to treatment failure. Several studies have revealed that avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and human extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) showed a close genetic relationship and may share virulence genes. This study aimed to determine the phylogenetic group and virulence gene profiles in colistin-resistant E. coli obtained from the broiler meat supply chain in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight archive isolates originated from the cloacal swab, litter, drinking water, inside plucker swab, fresh meat at small scale poultry slaughterhouses, and traditional markets were used in this study. All the isolates were characterized by a polymerase chain reaction to determine the phylogenetic group (A, B1, B2, or D) and virulence gene profiles with APEC marker genes (iutA, hlyF, iss, iroN, and ompT). Results: Phylogenetic grouping revealed that the isolates belong to A group (34.48%), D group (34.48%), B1 group (17.24%), and B2 group (13.79%). The virulence gene prevalence was as follows: iutA (36%), hlyF (21%), ompT (21%), iroN (10%), and iss (9%). The B2 group presented with more virulence genes combinations. iroN, hlyF, and ompT genes were positively associated with the B2 group (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Our results highlight the role of colistin-resistant E. coli originated from the broiler meat supply chain as a potential reservoir for human ExPEC virulence genes.

The use of acidifying agents Aquasafe and Veleguard when rearing of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
L. Gamko ◽  
T. Tarinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Meat

It is known that necessary to replace the components of organic acids, which are part of acidifiers when drinking water to poultry in order to prevent the adaptation of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. In the poultry industry organic acids are widely used, which are used as acidifiers to preserve the properties of water consumed. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of broiler meat production when using acidifying agents of drinking water Aquasafe and Veleguard. The experimental part of the work has been performed in JSC “Kurinoe Tsarstvo-Bryansk” broiler area “Roshcha” in the Pochepsky district. The object of research was the livestock of broiler chickens cross Cobb 500 at floor housing. The effect of water acidifiers on meat productivity has been studied. Groups of chickens have been formed on the principle of pairs-analogues. Broiler chickens of experimental groups have been separated from the main livestock by a grid in the corner of the room for 100 heads in each group. It has been found by a result of research to be optimal dose usage of acidifying agents water Aquasafe and Veleguard to drink to broiler chickens. The positive effect of these acidifiers on the digestion of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, contributing to the effective use of nitrogen, which led to an increase in the intensity of growth, young animals’ livability and improved feed conversion. Slaughter yield in the control group was 55,1 %, and in the experimental group 57,2 and 58,4 %, which was by 2,1 and 3,3 % higher with the same level of metabolic energy and nutrients. In chickens that consumed acidifi ers more intensively used nutrients feed for deposition in the body of the components of the carcass, which affected the production. A positive impact of acidifying agents Aquasafe and Veleguard on meat quality in broiler chickens has been found.

DIFFERENCES IN GENOTYPE OF E. FAECALIS AND E. FAECIUM CLINICAL ISOLATES REGARDING CYTOLYSIN AND GELATINASE PRODUCTION IN BULGARIAN PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
R. Yordanova ◽  
S. Stanilova
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Gelatinase Activity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Genotypic Analysis ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Virulent Gene ◽  
One Year ◽  
Genotype Correlation

Purpose - compare the phenotype and genotype correlation of cytolysin and gelatinase production in clinical isolates Enterococcus spp. Materials and methods - 100 Enterococcus strains collected over a period of one year from inpatients of two Bulgarian university hospitals, were tested for phenotype production of cytolysin and gelatinase. Multiplex PCR was performed to screen the presence of gelE and cylA virulence genes. Results – 17% of the enterococcal isolates demonstrated only cytolysin production phenotypically. Gelatinase activity was found in 21% of the isolates. Only E. faecalis showed combined phenotypic production of cytolysin plus gelatinase (21%). Forty-five percent of the tested enterococci were identified negative for both hemolysin and gelatinase activity. GelE was the most prevalent virulent gene (48% of the isolates). CylA gene was present alone only in four non-invasive E. faecalis isolates. Twenty-six percent of the isolates possessed both cylA and gelE genes and 21% did not harbor any of the virulence factors genotypically. Conclusion - our results prove that it is appropriate to perform both phenotypic and genotypic analysis of the enterococci virulence profile in parallel in order to better characterize the strains, which in turn may serve to develop more effective methods to limit the spread of infections caused by these microorganisms.

scholarly journals Technical note: Rabbit meat production under a small scale production system as a source of animal protein in a rural area of Mexico

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
  Garcia-Lopez J.C. ◽  
Pro-Martinez A. ◽  
Becerril-Perez C.M. ◽  
Suarez-Oportes M.E. ◽  
Pinos-Rodrig
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Production System ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Rabbit Meat

Occurrence of virulence-associated genes in clinical Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated in Londrina, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1069-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Bittencourt de Marques ◽  
Sérgio Suzart
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Virulence Markers ◽  
Serious Infections

Epidemiological studies have reinforced the importance of Enterococcus faecalis in causing serious infections, and to date, our understanding of how certain virulence factors are involved in the pathogenesis of enterococcal infections is still limited. The aim of the present study was to examine the occurrence of known virulence determinants in a group of E. faecalis strains isolated from different clinical sources in Brazil. A total of 95 E. faecalis strains were investigated for the presence of nine virulence genes including aggA, cylA, cylB, cylM, eep, efaA, enlA, esp and gelE by using PCR. The data showed a relatively wide distribution of the virulence genes among the investigated strains. The clinical strains carried at least one and concomitantly up to as many as eight virulence markers, with two or three being the most common pattern. Most of the strains carried efaA (58.9 %), eep (58.9 %) and esp (57.9 %) genes, whereas the remaining virulence markers were detected in variable percentages ranging from 9.5 to 45 %. Simultaneous presence of virulence markers was observed among clinical strains regardless of their sources. In this study, the efaA + esp + gelE + profile was the virulence genotype most frequently detected among E. faecalis strains. Finally, there was no significant association between virulence markers and clinical sources.

Assessment of GRACE-FO Laser Ranging Interferometer measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athina Peidou ◽  
Felix Landerer ◽  
David Wiese ◽  
Matthias Ellmer ◽  
Eugene Fahnestock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Laser Ranging ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Measurement Sensitivity ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mass Transfers ◽  
Gravity Recovery ◽  
System Errors

&lt;p&gt;The performance of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow&amp;#8208;On (GRACE-FO) laser ranging interferometer (LRI) system is assessed in both space and frequency domains. With LRI&amp;#8217;s measurement sensitivity being as small as 0.05 nm/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; at GRACE-FO altitude we perform a thorough assessment on the ability of the instrument to detect real small-scale high-frequency gravity signals. Analysis of range acceleration measurements along the orbit for nearly one year of daily solutions suggests that LRI can detect signals induced by mass perturbation up to 26 mHz, i.e., ~145 km spatial resolution. Additionally, high frequency signals that are not adequately modeled by dealiasing models are clearly detected and their magnitude is shown to reach 2-3 nm/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. The alternative K&amp;#8208;band microwave ranging system (KBR) is also examined and results demonstrate the inability of KBR to retrieve signals above 15mHz (i.e., shorter than ~200 km) as the noise of the KBR range acceleration increases rapidly. Overall, the first stream of LRI measurements shows that the high signal to noise ratio allows for detection of mass transfers in finer scales, however the ability to fully exploit the high-quality signal measured by the LRI in Level 2 products is still constrained by noise of background models and other onboard instrumentation and measurement system errors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Copyright Acknowledgment: This work was performed at the California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cryosphere Science Program.&lt;/p&gt;

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document