scholarly journals Evaluation of Nutrients in Leaves and Seeds of Calotropis Procera (linn)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
A.F. Ogundola ◽  
T.A. Yekeen ◽  
R.A. Arotayo ◽  
A.O. Akintola ◽  
A.O. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
High Level

Calotropis procera has been widely explored in ethnomedicine to cure several ailments such as leprosy, fever, elephantiasis, menorrhagia, and snakebite. It is also used as a purgative, anthelmintic, anticoagulant, anticancer, antipyretic, analgesic, and carminative. In addition to its traditional use as coagulants, the leaves and seeds of Calotropis procera could be used in food fortifications to combat nutrient deficiencies as reflected in its bioactive components. The increase in its use might be associated with the level of many bioactive components, which provide nutritional and health benefits. Thus, the leaves and seeds were analyzed for their bioactive components and characterized for nutrient values using the procedures of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The chemical analyses results showed that the leaf and the seed contained (g/100 g dry weight) moisture (8.11g, 9.53g), crude protein (26.69g, 14.48g), crude fiber (7.54, 15.73), crude fat (21.70, 6.29), ash (5.32, 3.69) and carbohydrate (30.64, 50.29), respectively. The leaves and seeds contained zinc (1.20, 0.60 mg/100 g), potassium (33.60, 30.30 mg/100 g) and iron (36.90, 12.90 mg/100g), respectively. The fatty acids profile revealed that the leaves and the seed oils contained a low level of saturated palmitic acid (3.01, 7.70 g/100g) and a high level of monounsaturated oleic acid (10.31, 27.90 g/100g) and polyunsaturated acids (11.63, 18.53 g/100g), respectively. It is established that the chemical compounds in the Calotropis procera seeds and leaves could be beneficial for therapeutic and dietary purposes. Thus, it can be accepted that the Calotropis procera plant may be used as medicine and food fortificants.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of Prosopis and Albizia

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Naji K. Al-Mefleh ◽  
Yahia A. Othman ◽  
Maher J. Tadros ◽  
Amani Al-Assaf ◽  
Samer Talozi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Significant Difference

This study investigated the influence of treated greywater on growth and protein content of multipurpose (forage and ornamental) transplants, Prosopis juliflora L., Prosopis tamarugo L., and Albizia lebbeck L. Transplants of tested species were irrigated with treated greywater, diluted greywater (grey + distilled water, 1:1/by volume), and distilled water (control) for seven months. Water quality analysis showed that the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals found in the greywater were within the acceptable range compared with Jordan Institution for Standard and Metrology (JISM) and the World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds for safe use of greywater. Escherichia coli found in the greywater were lower compared to JISM and WHO guidelines for the safe use of greywater. Irrigation with treated greywater increased shoot fresh weight by 24–39% and dry weight by 34–40% compared to diluted greywater and control. No significant difference in crude protein was noticed between water treatments. Prosopis species (P. juliflora Albizia lebbeck L. and P. tamarugo Albizia lebbeck L.) had higher shoot fresh (35%) and dry weight the same species had lower crude protein (44%) when compared to Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck L. The reuse of treated greywater for landscaping or forage production alleviates the demand for water resources and reduces the pressure on wastewater treatment plants. However, considering the controversial findings of previous studies on greywater quality (especially, long-term reuse), the reuse of treated greywater needs to be considered with caution and periodic quality analyses and economic assessments are required.

Determination of Bioactive Components of 60°С Volatiles from Cinnamomum camphora Branches by TD-GC/MS

2011 ◽  
Vol 230-232 ◽  
pp. 852-856
Author(s):  
Qing Li ◽  
Dang Quan Zhang ◽  
Qi Mei Liu ◽  
Kuan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Industrial Materials ◽  
Analytical Result ◽  
Main Components

The chemical components of helium volatiles from the fresh branches of Cinnamomum camphora were studied by TD-GC/MS. The analytical result by 60°С-based TD-GC/MS showed that 55 peaks were obtained from the helium volatiles from the fresh branches of Cinnamomum camphora and 53 chemical compounds were identified. The results showed that the main components were as: Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)- (15.4328%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- (14.881%), Tricyclo[2.2.1.0(2,6)]heptane, 1,7-dimethyl-7-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, (-)- (12.694%), p-menth-1-en-8-ol (9.832%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 2-methyl-3-methylene-2-(4-methyl-3- pentenyl)-, (1S-exo)- (6.143%), 1,6,10-Dodecatrien-3-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl- (5.365%), Bicyclo[3.1.1] hept-2-ene, 2,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)- (4.527%), Naphthalene, 1,2,3,5,6,8a- hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-, (1S-cis)- (4.129%), 3-Cyclohexen-1-ol, 4-methyl-1- (1-methylethyl)- (2.965%), Borneol (2.627%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, acetate, (1S-endo)- (2.586%), Copaene (2.534%), 1,6,10-Dodecatriene, 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-, (Z)- (1.612%), (-)-Isosativene (1.121%), etc. The analytical result suggested that the helium volatiles from the fresh branches of Cinnamomum camphora could be used as industrial materials of biomedicines and spicery.

scholarly journals Rust and leaf spot diseases on American elderberry plants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kaley Hensel
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Conservative Estimate ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
High Level

Elderberry rust (Puccinia sambuci Schewin.) Arthur (=P. bolleyana) and leaf spot diseases are frequently found in commercial American elderberry (Sambucus nigra L. subsp. canadensis L.) plantings throughout the growing season in Missouri. Thus, studies were conducted to ascertain if rust infections affect plant growth, fruiting, or berry puree quality. Rust symptoms were observed in early April at 9 to 18[degrees] C, [greater than or equal to] 3 h leaf wetness, and [greater than or equal to] 85% relative humidity. When young, potted elderberry plants averaged 3 to 6 rust pustules/plant, vegetative growth was not adversely affected. However, field-grown elderberry plants heavily infected with rust (137 pustules/cane) lost nearly twice as many leaves as controls during the growing season, indicating rust-induced defoliation. Shoot dry weight of these heavily infected canes was also 32% less than that of controls. First and last harvest dates were advanced by the high level of rust infection on 'Wyldewood' elderberry canes, but not by low pustules numbers ([less than] 6 pustules/plant) on 'Bob Gordon' or 'Ozark' plants. Similarly, berry yields were not significantly different at low infection levels, even though rust-infected 'Bob Gordon' plants had a 31% reduction in yield with an estimated $440/ha loss of income. Heavily-infected 'Wyldewood' canes had a significant loss in berry yield (47%) and potential income ($2,295/ha), assuming a conservative estimate of five canes/plan. In another study, Colletotrichum was isolated from elderberry leaf spot lesions and identified before subsequent re-inoculation of elderberry plants with this pathogen. Three species of Colletotrichum (C. salicis Funkel, C. kahawae subsp. ciggaro Wollenw., and C. aenigma C.M. Tian and Z. Li) were putatively identified as being casual agents of leaf spot indicating the diversity of species within this genus on elderberry plants.

scholarly journals AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF LEAVES OF THREE SPECIES OF ARTEMISIA L. GROWING IN THE ELTON REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Галина Табаленкова
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Amino Acid Analyzer ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Level

The results of studies of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of amino acids (AAs) in the leaves of three plant species of the genus Artemisia, widespread in the Elton region, were presented. Protein AAs were determined on an AAA T-339 amino acid analyzer (Czech Republic) after hydrolysis of a sample in 6N HCl at 105 °C for 24 h, free AAs – on an AAA-400 amino acid analyzer (Czech Republic) in a lithium buffer system. The protein AAs amount varied from 66 mg / g in A. lerchiana to 113 mg / g dry weight in A. santonica. 17 AAs were found in composition of these species, aspartic and glutamic acids were dominant. The content of free AAs varied from 4.4 mg / g in A. santonica to 8.3 mg / g dry weight in A. pauciflora. 14 AAs have been identified, among them proline was the predominant free AA. The share of proline was 75-81% of the total free AAs. Among the minor components, 3-4 compounds with a content above 2% dominated. The free AAs contain 3 non-proteinogenic ones (ornithine, citruline, and γ-aminobutyric acid). A. lerchiana and A. pauciflora species were similar in protein and free amino acids, probably due to the same growing conditions. A high level of free proline, together with a complex of biologically active substances in Artemisia species, which grow abundantly in the Elton region, allow to consider the possibility of their use as a medicinal raw material.

scholarly journals Efficiency Of Using Domestic Feed Additive On Biological And Physiological Indicators Of Rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
K. I. Khidirov ◽  
◽  
G. J. Kutlieva ◽  
B. I. Turaeva ◽  
N. A. Elova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
High Level ◽  
Experimental Group

Research has been carried out to study the influence of "ProBioKorm Uz", a biologically active feed additive, on the development and physiological characteristics of rabbits of ‘New Zealand’ breed. During the experiment, 2 experimental and a control groups were formed. Adding "ProBioKorm Uz" to the main feed at the rate of 1% and 2% had an increase in experimental group rabbits’ live weight. Average live weight of them was higher by 5,7 %-3.8% than in the control group. Feed units composed 1.59%, dry matter 0.56 kg (3.61%) and crude protein 0.11 kg (3.59%) compared with the control group. Rabbits of experimental groups had higher indicators of erythrocytes concentration by 0.34-1.00 1012/l (10.34-19.53%), leukocytes - by 0.370-0.46 109/l (5.66-8, 06%), as well as a high level of hemoglobin by 7.42-11.08 g/l (6.81-10.08%) and total protein - by 2.40-4.48 (3.64-6, 42%).

scholarly journals Efecto de la inoculación de Azospirillum spp. sobre el contenido nutrimental de moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Mario Alejandro Hernández-Chontal ◽  
Dinora Vazquez-Luna ◽  
Ariadna Linares-Gabriel ◽  
Gloria Esperanza De Dios-León ◽  
Armando Guerrero-Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Animal Consumption ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Moringa is used for human and animal consumption due to its high content of proteins, vitamins and minerals. The present study analyzed and evaluated the effectiveness of Azospirillum spp. over the nutritional content of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) under nursery conditions. The experimental design consisted of four treatments with six repetitions in complete blocks at random, which consisted of the inoculation at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mL of suspension with 9.8 × 105 CFU mL-1 of Azospirillum spp. The study variables: biomass, protein, macro (P, K. Ca and Mg) and micronutriments (Na, Fe, Cu and Mn) in leaves and stems were determined 70 days after sowing. The analysis of variance showed signif icant statistical differences between treatments only for the variables: potassium content in leaves and calcium content, iron and sodium in stem. According to the comparison of means (P ≤ 0.05) the best treatments were those that received 0.5 and 1 mL of suspension. The inoculation of Azospirillum, failed to increase the dry weight and protein contents; however, the highest values (30.2% crude protein) were associated with its application. The absence of significant effects in the other variables evaluated is associated with inoculum concentration, however, higher values are shown in the nutrient contents in relation to results reported in other research.

scholarly journals Physiological Response of Capsicum annuum L. to Aqueous Extracts of Allelopathic Plants: A Case of Tithonia rotundifolia and Murraya koenigii

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
O. O. Otusanya ◽  
A. A. Ogunwole ◽  
M. O. Tijani
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Murraya Koenigii

The present study evaluated the allelopathic potential of fresh shoot aqueous extracts of Tithonia rotundifolia (FSET) and Murraya koenigii (FSEM) on the germination of seeds, growth, chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and percentage crude protein accumulation of Capsicum annuum. The laboratory experimental results showed that seed germination and juvenile seedling growth of C. annuum were significantly retarded by both FSEM and FSET. The radicle growth was more susceptible to the phytotoxicity of both extracts than the plumule growth. Both plants extract had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the seedling growth of the recipient crop while the FSET was more phytotoxic than FSEM. However, this retardatory effect of aqueous extracts on growth observed in the laboratory was reversed in the soil-cultured experiments such that application of FSEM significantly enhanced all the studied growth parameters (shoot height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area ratio, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid content in the shoot and percentage crude protein in the shoot and fruits). Likewise, FSET application significantly increased the leaf area, total chlorophyll and percentage crude protein accumulation in the shoot and fruits of the recipient crop at P<.05. This study then emphasizes the fact that T. rotundifolia and M. koenigii are allelopathic plants. The increased ascorbic acid and percentage crude protein accumulation in the aqueous extract-treated crop could, apart from enhancing the nutritional benefits of the test crop, be an adaptive mechanism evolved by the crop to overcome the allelopathic stress posed by the application of the aqueous extracts. These findings therefore suggest that allelochemicals in the aqueous extract of M. koenigii and T. rotundifolia could serve as biofertilizers for boosting the production of C. annuum.

scholarly journals Biocomponents and Antioxidant Activity of Ribes khorasanicum

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ehsan Taghavizadeh Yazdi ◽  
Jalil Khara ◽  
Mohammad Reza Housaindokht ◽  
Hamid Reza Sadeghnia ◽  
Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Biological And Medical Applications

Currently, there have been lots of interests in phytochemicals as bioactive components. The roles of fruit, vegetables, and red pigments in preventing diseases have been partly accredited to the antioxidant properties of their constituent polyphenols, flavonoid, anthocyanins, and etc. Biochemistry parameters including the relative levels of antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin, soluble and insoluble sugar content of Ribes khorasanicum, have been calculated in this project. The total anthocyanin content of the investigated Ribes khorasanicum measured to be 62.9 mg/g in dry weight, while displaying high levels when compared to other components, which indicates that the anthocyanin content was the predominant antioxidant components in the investigated plant. This particular plant has the potential to serve as the important source of antioxidant that can be utilized in different biological and medical applications.

TOPOLOGICAL INDICES – WHY AND HOW

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Gutman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Topological Indices ◽  
High Level ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Real World Problems

By means of presently available high-level computational methods, based on quantum theory, it is possible to determine (predict) the main structural, electronic, energetic, geometric, and thermodynamic properties of a particular chemical species (usually a molecule), as well as the ways in which it changes in chemical reactions. When one needs to estimate such properties of thousands or millions of chemical species, such high-level calculations are no more feasible. Then simpler, but less accurate, approaches are necessary. One such approach utilized so-called “topological indices”. According to IUPAC ‘s definition [Pure Appl. Chem. 69 (1997) 1137]: A topological index is a numerical value associated with chemical constitution for correlation of chemical structure with various physical properties, chemical reactivity or biological activity. In the first part of the lecture, we show that „numerical values“are associated with many other complex phenomena, encountered in various areas of human activity, implying that „topological indices“ are used far beyond chemistry. Next, we discuss the number of possible chemical compounds. Simple calculation shows that the number of possible compounds zillion times exceeds the number of those that have been experimentally characterized. Even worse, in the entire Universe, there is not enough matter to make at least a single molecule of each possible compound. In the second part of the lecture, a few most popular topological indices will be presented, as well as the way in which these can be (and are being) applied in treating real-world problems.

scholarly journals Selenium Enhances Cadmium Accumulation Capability in Two Mustard Family Species—Brassica napus and B. juncea

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Wei Zhang ◽  
Yi-Ying Dong ◽  
Ling-Yang Feng ◽  
Zong-Lin Deng ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
High Level

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is a Cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator. However, high-level Cd at the early seedling stage seriously arrests the growth of rape, which limits its applications. Brassica juncea had higher Cd accumulation capacity, but its biomass was lower, also limiting its applications. Previous studies have confirmed that Selenium (Se) can alleviate Cd toxicity. However, the regulatory mechanism of Se in different valence states of Cd accumulation was unclear. In this study, we investigated the ameliorating effects of three Se valence states, Na2SeO4 [Se(VI)], Na2SeO3 [Se(IV)] and Se-Met [Se(II)], to Cd toxicity by physiological and biochemical approaches in hydroponically-cultured Brassica juncea and Brassica napus seedlings. Although Se treatments slightly inhibited seedling Cd concentration, it tripled or quadrupled the Cd accumulation level per plant, because dry weight increased about four times more with Se and Cd application than with Cd treatment alone. Among the different valence states of Se, Se(II) had the most marked effect on reducing Cd toxicity as evidenced by decreased growth inhibition and Cd content. The application of Se(II) was effective in reducing Cd-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation, and promoted the antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthesis of both Brassica species. In addition, Se(II) treatment increased the concentrations of Cd in the cell wall and soluble fractions, but the Cd concentration in the organelle part was reduced.

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