scholarly journals Effectiveness Test of Soursop Leaf Extract and Papaya Leaf Extract Combination Against Spodoptera litura on Chili Plants in Tobelo City

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Nonice Manikome ◽  
Morina Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

In terms of control, various natural chemical compounds derived from plants can be used. Like papaya and soursop leaves, the formulation of the problem is whether the combination of soursop leaf extract and papaya leaf extract is effective in controlling S. litura pests and what is the most effective extract concentration. This study used a completely randomized design (RBD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. Observation variables included symptoms, morphological changes and mortality, the results were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) 5% test. The initial symptoms that were seen one day after application of the combination were morphological changes in the test larvae. Such as damage to the body of the larva, change in color, then the larva's body shrinks, when touched the larvae easily fall. The highest mortality was found at the extract concentration of 20% with a mortality rate of 64.79% on the second day. The results showed that the high mortality rate was closely related to the high toxicity contained in the 20% extract concentration. It was concluded that the results of the effectiveness test of the combination of papaya leaf extract and soursop leaf extract were effective. Suggestions for the use of natural materials that are easily available can be used as an alternative to control pests that are environmentally friendly. Furthermore, it is suggested that if you want to increase mortality, you can try increasing the extract concentration.

scholarly journals Quality Of Duck Eggs At Different Soaking Times In Noni Leaf Extract Stored For 15 Days

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Sri Sukaryani ◽  
Engkus Ainul Yakin ◽  
Hardika Eka Rhamadanu
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Duncan Multiple Range Test ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
The People ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test

 Duck eggs are one type of protein source food that is much favored by the people of Indonesia.  However, currently there are not many ways of preservation to maintain the quality of duck eggs in storage.  With preservation by immersion with noni leaf extract, it can be an alternative in maintaining the quality of duck eggs in storage for 15 days.  This is because noni leaves contain elements of chemical compounds such as amino acids, phenolic compounds, ursulic acid, alkaloids, phenols, and glycosides which are antimicrobial, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory.  This study aims to determine the effect of soaking duck eggs in noni leaf extract on the interior quality of duck eggs.  This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a concentration of 45% noni leaf extract with immersion time of 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours with 3 replications.  To determine whether there is a difference in treatment using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the level of = 0.05.  The research variables are Albumen Insex, Yolk Index and Haugh Index.  Data were analyzed by SPSS.  The results of the study concluded that soaking duck eggs with noni leaf extract for 12-48 hours with an extract concentration of 45% had no significant effect on egg quality in this case the yolk index, albumen index and Haugh index.

scholarly journals The Insecticide Toxicity and Repelling Ability of Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix D.C) Leaf Extract on Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfia Wulansari ◽  
Nur Rochman ◽  
Setyono Setyono
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Insecticide Toxicity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch

Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. is a primary storage insect pest damaging maize grains. Control of S. zeamais can be done by applying biopesticide. This study was aimed at assessing the ability of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, as biopesticide, to kill and repel Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. The study was conducted at Entomology Laboratory, Seameo Biotrop in March to August 2018. A completely randomized design with three replicates in each rate of Jeruk Purut leaf extract was used. In preliminary pesticide toxicity experiment, five rates of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, namely 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% were applied. In preliminary repelling ability experiment, five rates of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, namely 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% were applied. In the main pesticide toxicity and repelling ability trial, five rates of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, namely 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15% were applied. Results showed that in 24 hour after treating (HAT) no significant effects were found. Significant effects of Jeruk Purut leaf extract as insecticide on S. zeamais were found in 48 and 72 HAT. The highest mortality rate (82.2%) of S. zeamais was found in 15% rate of Jeruk Purut leaf extract in 72 HAT. The application of Jeruk Purut leaf extract was not found to give significant effects on repelling S. zeamais in 24, 48, and 72 HAT as indicated in their sharply fluctuating repellent values. The highest repelling ability (95%) was found in the application of 9% Jeruk Purut leaf extract in 24 HAT. It was concluded that Jeruk Purut leaf extract was more potential as insecticide repellent for Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. Key words: biopesticide, repellent, insecticide, maize, primary storage insect pest

scholarly journals UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M Perry.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Shigella dysenteriae

Biocelebes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Iis Salihat ◽  
Orryani Lambui ◽  
Ramadanil Pitopang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Positive Controls

Research about the inhibitory test of Syzygium aromaticum leaf extract on the growth of Shigella dysenteriae bacteria which aims to determine the effectiveness of S. aromaticum leaf extract in inhibited the growth of S. dysenteriae bacteria, knowing the concentration of leaf extract is effective in inhibited the growth of S. dysenteriae bacteria and the content of flavonoid compounds, saponins, tannins and alkaloids contained in leaves S. aromaticum, has been conducted from July until December 2016. Extraction method used is Maseration method. Inhibitory test extract on S. dysenteriae bacteria using disc diffusion method. This research was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments and 3 repetitions with extract concentration 30%, 45%, 60% and 75% and 2% Cotrimoxazole antibiotics as positive controls and Aquades as negative controls. The results showed that 75% extract concentration of S. aromaticum plant produced the largest drag zone compared to other concentrations of 17 mm. This indicates that S. aromaticum leaf extract has good inhibitory ability against S. dysenteriae bacteria.

scholarly journals Avaliação macro e microscópica do trato digestório de frangos de corte alimentados com dieta contendo glicerina

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Cerqueira Sousa ◽  
Nadja Lamonye Alves Oliveira ◽  
Edna Teles dos Santos ◽  
Leilane Rocha Barros Dourado ◽  
Guilherme José Bolzani de Campos Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lymphatic Tissue ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Passive Absorption ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Mucus Barrier ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates

This study aimed to evaluate the presence of morphological changes in the digestive tract of broilers fed diets containing 7% glycerol. It was used 16 animals from male Cobb 500® line, distributed in a completely randomized design in two treatments: animals fed diet without glycerin and animals fed diets containing 7% glycerol. It was observed that the addition of glycerin at 7% in the diet of broilers promotes the occurrence of significant inflammatory infiltrates in the proventriculus, caecum and colon of such animals, macroscopically the addition of glycerin in the diet did not cause any significant difference, but these differences had no significant effect on zootechnical development of such animals. It is possible to conclude that the use of glycerin in the diet can cause localized inflammatory processes, due to its alcoholic feature that degrades the protective mucus barrier and it presents passive absorption and exposes the mucus epithelium to the gastric juice action, thus promoting the mucosa inflammatory process. In the large intestine (cecum and colon) the inflammatory response showed greater intensity as a function of these organs have higher lymphatic tissue (nodular and diffuse)concentration and at this portion the intestine performs the fluids reabsorption directly competing with glycerin which is highly hygroscopic.

scholarly journals Diferentes desinfetantes sobre a contaminação e desempenho da incubação de ovos de avestruz

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Nadia Nobrega Valdo ◽  
Sheila Merlo Garcia ◽  
Lilian Francisco Arantes de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Egg Mortality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
The Moment

From the moment of laying, eggs come into contact with microorganisms that adhere to the shelland disinfection is the process that reduces contamination by preventing them from penetrating the shell and invading the egg's internal content, however, different active principles can result in effects several. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of different active principles in the disinfection of ostrich eggs on contamination andthe productive indexes of incubation. 16 eggs were used, distributed in two disinfectant active ingredients (quaternary ammonia and formaldehyde) in a completely randomized design with 8 replications. Contamination of the eggshell was evaluated by microbiological analysis on the surface of the eggshell after disinfection. The productive indexes of the incubation were evaluated by means of the index of weight loss of the egg (%), mortality rate (%), embryology (%) and hatchability (%). There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the active ingredients used in terms of disinfection capacity and productive indexes of incubation. It is concluded that bothactive ingredients are efficient in the disinfection of eggs, ensuring the control of contamination on the surface of the egg shell during the storage and incubation processes, in addition to not affecting the parameters of the incubation.

scholarly journals KEMAMPUAN DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN MURBEI (Morus alba) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Aspergillus flavus

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Aditya Yusril Hidayat ◽  
Agus Selamet Duniaji ◽  
Komang Ayu Nocianitri
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Strong Inhibition ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Mulberry Leaf ◽  
Mulberry Leaf Extract ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The aim of this research to determine the ability of mulberry leaf extract (Morus alba) to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus. This research used completely Randomized Design with control treatment (without extract) and treatment of mulberry leaf extract concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%. The experiment were repeated 2 times and resulting in 22 experimental units. The data were presented in descriptive statistic with tables, and figure. The results showed that the extract of mulberry leaf inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus with optimal concentration 80% with an average 11.95 mm and strong inhibition categories.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Daun Patikan Kebo (Euphorbia hirta) Terhadap Jamur Penyebab Kandidiasis (Candida albicans)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain ◽  
Cut Muthiadin ◽  
Fatmawati Nur ◽  
Rusmadi Rukmana
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Paper Disk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<em>Candidiasis is an infectious disease caused by the fungus Candida albicans. This  study aims to determine the effect of patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta) leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans. This research is an experimental study which was compiled using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) by giving Patikan Kebo (E. hirta) leaf extract  in several concentrations, the concentrations of 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, and 60% and controls (aquadest) and C. albicans mushroom with three repetitions. The parameters measured are the amount of inhibitory diameter formed around the paper discs in the 24 hour and 48 hour period. D ata obtained with three repetitions and observations of 24 hours and 48 hours showed that giving patikan kebo leaf extract in several types of concentration had an effect on inhibiting the growth and fungi of C . albicans. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (F-test) at the level of α 0.05 and continued using the Smallest Significant Difference (LSD) α 0.05 where the results showed that the giving of patikan kebo extract significantly affected the microbial growth test (C. albicans), where the higher the concentration of patikan kebo leaf extract, the greater the inhibition zone formed around the paper disk. </em>

scholarly journals Addition of bidara leaves (Ziziphus spina – christi L.) in drinking water on production and mortality of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
F H Yusup ◽  
N Frasiska ◽  
N Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Usage Level ◽  
Average Body

Abstract The bidara plant is known as a plant that contains active ingredients and phytochemicals that have the benefit of stimulating physiological processes in the body to run well and have a healthy effect. This study aimed to determine the effect of giving bidara leaf extract on the production performance and mortality of broiler chickens. A total of 60 DOC broiler chickens were used in this study with an average body weight of 45 g which was divided into 4 treatments, including T0: control, T1: 10% bidara leaf extract, T2: 15% bidara leaf extract, T3: 20% bidara leaf extract. Each treatment was repeated 5 times with 3 research units per plot. The study was carried out experimentally in vivo using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) research method. The data was processed by analysis of variance with the F test at the 5% level and continued with Duncan’s test. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on production performance and mortality in broiler chickens at the 10% bidara leaf usage level. The use of bidara leaf extract can be used as a supplement in the maintenance of broiler chickens as a substitute for synthetic supplements.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS FISIK MAKSIMAL AKUT (ACUTE OVERTRAINING) MENYEBABKAN KERUSAKAN SEL β PANKREAS MENCIT

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferbian M. Siswanto ◽  
Boedi P. Yenniastuti ◽  
Tri A. Putra ◽  
I Made Kardena
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Type I ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract: Excessive physical activity can cause oxidative stress characterized by increased free radicals in the body. This oxidative stress will cause damages to a variety of cells, inter alia β cells of islets of Langerhans in pancreas. This study aimed to determine that acute overtraining could increase the risk of type I diabetes mellitus through induction of pancreatic β cell damages. This study used a completely randomized design with total samples of 36 mice divided into 3 groups. Group P0 was the group of mice without treatment; group P1 was treated with overworking and a recovery period of 48 hours; and group P2 was treated with overworking and a recovery period of 24 hours. After 14 days of treatment, the pancreas of all groups were taken for histological examination using Gomori chrome hematoxylin phloxine B staining. The descriptive analysis showed that the pancreatic tissues of groups P1 and P2 were morphologically damaged compared to group P0. The results of quantitative observations were analyzed by using One way Anova test followed by LSD, indicated that the number of pancreatic β-cells was significantly decreased among the groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Acute overtraining may cause damages of pancreatic β cells.Keywords: excessive physical work, pancreatic β cellsAbstrak: Aktivitas fisik berlebihan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya stres oksidatif yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya radikal bebas di dalam tubuh. Stres oksidatif akan menyebabkan kerusakan berbagai macam sel, salah satunya sel β pulau langerhans pankreas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas fisik maksimal akut (acute overtraining) dalam meningkatkan risiko terjadinya diabetes melitus tipe I melalui induksi kerusakan sel β pankreas. Rancangan penelitian ini ialah completely randomized design dengan sampel 36 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok. Kelompok P0 ialah kelompok mencit tanpa perlakuan; kelompok P1 diberi perlakuan beban kerja maksimal dengan periode pemulihan selama 48 jam; dan kelompok P2 diberi perlakuan beban kerja maksimal dengan periode pemulihan selama 24 jam. Setelah 14 hari perlakuan, keseluruhan kelompok sampel diambil organ pankreasnya untuk dibuat sediaan histologik dengan pewarnaan khusus Gomori chrome hematoxylin phloxine B. Analisis deskriptif kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa morfologi jaringan pankreas pada kelompok P1 dan P2 mengalami kerusakan jika dibandingkan P0. Hasil pengamatan kuantitatif dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji One way Anova dilanjutkan dengan Least Significant Difference (LSD), menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan jumlah sel β pankreas yang signifikan antar kelompok P0, P1, dan P2 (P < 0,05). Simpulan: Aktivitas fisik maksimal akut dapat menyebabkan kerusakan sel β pankreas.Kata kunci: beban kerja maksimal, sel β pankreas

scholarly journals INTENSITAS SERANGAN AKIBAT HAMA PEMAKAN DAUN SETELAH APLIKASI EKSTRAK DAUN KIRINYUH (Chromolaena odorata) PADA TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Finka Bella Palit ◽  
Henny Lieke Rampe ◽  
Marhaenus Rumondor
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Mustard Green ◽  
Attack Intensity

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi intensitas serangan akibat hama pemakan daun setelah aplikasi ekstrak daun kirinyuh pada tanaman sawi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan di Kelurahan Lansot Kecamatan Tomohon Selatan Kota Tomohon pada bulan Desember 2018 – Februari 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak daun kirinyuh yaitu K0 (kontrol) = 0 g/L air, K1  = 100 g/L air, K2 = 200 g/L air, dan K3 = 300 g/L air. Intensitas serangan diamati berdasarkan luas area daun yang dirusak oleh hama pemakan daun pada daun sawi setelah aplikasi ekstrak daun krinyuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun kirinyuh berpengaruh nyata terhadap intensitas serangan pada tanaman sawi dan konsentrasi ekstrak daun kirinyuh yang dapat menekan serangan hama pemakan daun yaitu yang tertinggi pada perlakuan K3 (300 g/L air).Kata kunci: Tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.), intensitas serangan, tumbuhan kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) THE ATTACK INTENSITY DUE TO LEAF-EATING PESTS AFTER APPLICATION OF KIRINYUH (Chromolaena odorata L.) LEAF EXTRACT ON MUSTARD GREEN  (Brassica juncea L.) ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the intensity of the attack due to leaf-eating pests after the application of kirinyuh leaf extract on mustard greens. This research was carried out on experimental fiel in Lansot Sub-District, South Tomohon  District, Tomohon City in December 2018-February 2019. This study was used a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments of kirinyuh leaf extract concentration, namely K0 (control) = 0 g / L water, K1 = 100 g / L water, K2 = 200 g / L water, and K3 = 300 g / L water. The intensity of the attack was observed based on the area of leaf damaged by pest. The results showed that the application of kirinyuh leaf extract significantly affected the intensity of attacks on mustard greens and the concentration of kirinyuh leaf extract which was able to suppress leaf-eating pests which was the highest in the K3 treatment (300 g/L water).Keywords: Mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.), intensity of attack, Kirinyuh  (Chromolaena odorata)

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