Pharmacognostic and antidysentery screening of mixed ethanol leaf extract of Parkia biglobosa and Acanthus montanus (50:50)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 017-039
Author(s):  
Felix Ngozichukwuka Osuala ◽  
Kehinde Shogo Fagbenja ◽  
Philippe PE Mounmbegna
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Parkia Biglobosa ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Faecal Consistency

Introduction: Parkia biglobosa belong to the family mimosaceae and Acanthus montanus belong to the family acanthaceae. The plants both have a multipurpose use as herbal medicine. Aim: This work investigate the pharmacognostic standard and anti-dysentery activity of the mixed ethanol extract of both plants on E. histolytical induced dysentery. Method: The phytochemical, chemo microscopy and proximate analysis were carried out using the standard procedures. The mixed extract of ratio 50:50 was administered to different groups of rats at different doses. Loperamide was administered as standard drug. The change in faecal consistency was observed and recorded. Result: The phytochemical analysis shows the presence of alkaloids, tannins, proteins, glycosides and carbohydrates. Chemomicroscopy of both plants showed the presence of starch, calcium oxalate, lignin, cellulose. While the extractive value analysis gave 25.0% and 32.7% for water extractive value and ethanol extractive value respectively (for Acanthus montanus) and 23.0% and 30.0% for water extractive value and ethanol extractive value respectively (for Parkiabiglobosa). The absence of death at 5000mg/kg of the extract shows that the lethal dose of the ethanol extract of the plant mixture is higher than 5000mg/kg which may be an indication of safety of the mixture. The anti-dysentery activity of the mixture of both plants with different concentration of 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg body weight of ethanol extract showed a significant change in the faecal consistency of the rats. The effect obtained on the administration of 500mg/kg body weight of the extract mixture is more comparable to the standard (loperamide). Conclusion: The synergistic use of the extract contains the secondary metabolites glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, which may be responsible for their anti-dysentery synergistic activity. Mixed extracts from both leaves of P. biglobosa and A. montanus can be recommended as an anti-dysentery agent.

scholarly journals HYPOGLYCEMIC AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF ANNONA MURICATA L. LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sovia ◽  
W. Ratwita ◽  
D. Wijayanti ◽  
D. R. Novianty
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Islet Of Langerhans ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Annona muricata leaf ethanol extract. This study also investigated phytochemical analysis of the extract and improvement in the islet of Langerhans.Methods: Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects were evaluated using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Twenty-five Wistar rats devided into five groups, that are normal group, control group that induced by alloxan 125 mg/kg body weight and given CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), and three treatment group that induced by alloxan and given Annona muricata leaf ethanol extract (AMLEE) with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Blood glucose and total cholesterol levels were measured before and after alloxan induction, and 21 d after AMLEE treatment. At the end of the study, all of the animals experiment were sacrificed for histopathological examination.Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed that flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phytosterols and phenols were present in ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaf. At the end of the study, blood glucose and total cholesterol levels in all AMLEE treated group were decreased significantly (p<0.05). Final blood glucose level in the groups that given AMLEE 50 mg/kg body weight (86.7±14.6 mg/dl) was almost the same with that of the normal group (91.25±28.38 mg/dl). The result of the histopathological examination is not showed an improvement of the islet of Langerhans in AMLEE treated groups.Conclusion: In conclusion, the ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaf have hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. However, there was no improvement in the islet of Langerhans damage.

scholarly journals In VivoAntiplasmodial and Analgesic Effect of Crude Ethanol Extract ofPiper guineenseLeaf Extract inAlbinoMice

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Kabiru ◽  
G. F. Ibikunle ◽  
D. A. Innalegwu ◽  
B. M. Bola ◽  
F. M. Madaki
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent

Antiplasmodial and analgesic effects of crude ethanol extract ofPiper guineensewas investigated in mice. The antiplasmodial and analgesic efficacy of the extract was judged on its ability to reduce parasitemia and writhing, respectively, in mice. The antiplasmodial screening involved treating infected mice with 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight of extract while the positive control group was given standard artesunate drug. The analgesic test was carried out by administering 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/kg body weight of extract to three groups of healthy mice, respectively, after induction of pain with 0.75% acetic acid. The positive control group was given aspirin drug. Parasitemia was reduced by 28.36%, 43.28%, and 62.69% in a dose-dependent pattern in the curative test which was significantly different (P<0.05) from 96.03% of the standard drug. The reduction of writhing by mice given the extract was also dose-dependent (36.29, 45.43, and 59.07%). Aspirin drug was however more effective (86.36%). The extract was safe at 2000 mg/kg body weight. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannins, terpenoids, and coumarins. Result obtained in this study demonstrated the efficacy of ethanol extract ofPiper guineenseas an antiplasmodial and analgesic agent.

scholarly journals Tectone, a New Antihyperglycemic Anthraquinone from Tectona grandis Leaves

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivedita Shukla ◽  
Manmeet Kumar ◽  
Akanksha ◽  
Ghufran Ahmad ◽  
Neha Rahuja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Phenolic Glycosides ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Antihyperglycemic Activity ◽  
Flavone Glycosides

A new anthraquinone (3,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl anthraquinone), named tectone (1), along with fourteen known compounds (2-15) comprised of five terpenoids (2-5, 15), four flavonoids (6-9), three flavone glycosides (10-12), and two phenolic glycosides (13-14) were isolated from the chloroform and n-butanol fractions of the ethanol extract of Tectona grandis leaves. Attempts were made to synthesize compound 1. This resulted in the synthesis of three additional anthraquinones (16-18), out of which compound 16 is new. The structures of all compounds were established by spectral analysis. The isolated and synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antihyperglycemic activity. Compounds 1, 2, 4 and 14 showed significant antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, which is comparable to the standard drug metformin.

scholarly journals Analisis Fitokimia Dan Toksisitas Dari Ekstrak Daun Tumbuhan Mempening (Lithocarpus bancanus (Scheff.) Rehd) Menggunakan Metode BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Retno Puji Lestari ◽  
Rudi Hendra Sy ◽  
Hilwan Yuda Teruna
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tribal Region

Mempening (Lithocarpus bancanus (Scheff.) Rehd) is a species belongs to the family Fagaceae which is found growing around the Talang Mamak tribal region in Kelayang District, Indragiri Hulu Regency, Riau Province. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of leaf extract of L. bancanus (Scheff.) Rehd against Artemia salina Leach larvae using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method and its phytochemical analysis. The results of the toxicity was determined against n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and ethanol extract and they showed LC50 values ​​of 3.15 ppm; 41163.26 ppm; 5817.09 ppm; 817, 27 ppm; 9019.70 ppm. Phytochemical analysis of the leaves of L. bancanus (Scheff.) Rehd plant showed a class of flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics and saponins.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anti-arthritic activity of Ficus benghalensis Linn. root extracts on Freund’s adjuvant induced Arthritis in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Lokesh K Bhardwaj ◽  
◽  
Kaushal K Chandrul ◽  
U.S. Sharma ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Adjuvant Induced Arthritis ◽  
Ficus Benghalensis ◽  
Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Adjuvant

The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of ethanol and aqueous extract of root of Ficus benghalensis on Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. The crude ethanol and aqueous root extract was administered orally at dose of 300mg/kg body weight for 28 days. Indomethacin at dose of 10mg/kg body weight was used as standard drug. The paw volume was measured on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. At the end of day 28th the animals were anaesthetized with anesthetic ether and blood was collected from retro-orbital route to all the groups of animals and various haematological parameters such as hemoglobin content, total WBC, RBC and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were estimated. The body weight of the animals was measured by digital balance to access the course of the disease at the initial day before induction and the end of 28th day. The results indicate that at the dose of 300mg/kg b.w, both the extracts protect the rats against primary and secondary arthritic lesions, body weight changes and haematological perturbations induced by FCA. Daily treatment with crude extracts and standard drug effectively inhibits paw edema in rats. Both the extracts significantly (p<0.01) altered the parameters which were estimated, when compared to control group rats. The observations showed that ethanol extract show highly inhibition of paw edema in rats. The ethanol extract inhibits rat paw edema by 63.64% than the aqueous extract 31.82% when compared to standard drug 62.34% on 28th day. At the end of study the ethanol extract show more pronounce effect then aqueous extract when compared to standard drug. Our findings showed a significant anti-arthritic activity of Ficus benghalensis root extracts against FCA induced arthritis in rats.

scholarly journals Assessment of Anthelmintic Property and Insilico study of phytocompounds in roots of Dechaschistia crotonifolia Wight & Arn.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raveesha Peeriga ◽  
Keerthi Priyanka Adarapu ◽  
Kavya Sri Sanivar ◽  
Jyothsna Kanumuri ◽  
Rikith Swamy Akunuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Death Time ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background:Worm infections in developing countries were reported high. Phytoconstituents have been a vital role for the treatment of many ailments. The current study was aimed assess for anthelmintic activity of different root extracts of Dechaschistia crotonifolia Wight & Arn. belongs to the family Ebanaceae against Pheretima posthuma. Further Insilico study was carried out for phytocompounds present in Dechaschistia. Results: The chloroform, ethylacetate and ethanol extract of Dechaschistia crotonifolia Wight & Arn. were considered for the study of anthelmintic property on earthworms at concentrations 20 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml and 60 mg/ml. During this study, the parameters paralysis time (Pt) and Death Time (Dt) of adult Indian earthworms was observed. As a standard and control Albendazole 10 mg/ml and 2% Tween 80 in distilled water were taken respectively. The study resulted that ethanolic extract was significant when compared with the Albendazole 10 mg/ml. Docking studies revealed the all phytocompounds in Dechaschistia shown binding affinity, however comparatively scopoletin and stigmasterol had shown a good binding affinitiy about -7.7 Kcal/mol and -7.6 Kcal/mol compared to standard drug Albendazole which was shown about -8.7 Kcal/mol. Conclusion: The study revealed that the ethanol extract of Dechaschistia crotonifolia Wight & Arn. at a concentration of 60mg/ml exhibited a stronger anthelmintic property compared to Albendazole 10mg/ml. A dose dependent anthelmintic activity is exerted by all the extracts in an ascending manner Chloroform<Ethyl acetate<Ethanol. These observations were made evidenced by docking studies of phytocompounds in Dechaschistia as the phytocompounds were shown excellent docking score when compared with standard Albendazole.

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HARDWIKIA BINATA (ROXB.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 256-258
Author(s):  
Varsha D. Hutke ◽  
Vaishali Rathod
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
The Family

The genus Hardwickia of the family Caesalpiniaceae is represented by a single species Hardwickia binata Roxb. The present study deals with screening of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity of different extracts of leaf and bark of Hardwickia binata. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites viz. alkaloids, saponins, phenolics compound, tannins, phenols and steroids. Both leaf and bark extracts scavenged free radicals signicantly. Whereas aqueous extract of bark and ethanol extract of leaf exhibited good antioxidant property

scholarly journals Acute and 28-Day Subchronic Oral Toxicity of an Ethanol Extract ofZingiber zerumbet(L.) Smith in Rodents

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia Ju Chang ◽  
Thing-Fong Tzeng ◽  
Shorong-Shii Liou ◽  
Yuan-Shiun Chang ◽  
I-Min Liu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Oral Toxicity

The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity (28 days) of the ethanol extract ofZ. zerumbetrhizomes (EEZZ) via the oral route in Wistar rats of both sexes. In the acute toxicity study, Wistar rats were administered a single dose of 15 g kg−1of body weight by gavage, and were monitored for 14 days. EEZZ did not produce any toxic signs or deaths; the 50% lethal dose must be higher than 15 g kg−1. In the subchronic toxicity study, EEZZ was administered by gavage at doses of 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks to Wistar rats. The subacute treatment with EEZZ did not alter either the body weight gain or the food and water consumption. The hematological and biochemical analysis did not show significant differences in any of the parameters examined in female or male groups. Necropsy and histopathological examination, did not reveal any remarkable and treatment related changes. A no-observed adverse-effect level for EEZZ is 3000 mg kg−1for rats under the conditions of this study. Hence, consumption of EEZZ for various medicinal purposes is safe.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory activity and phytochemical analysis of Moringa oleifera ethanol and acetone leaves extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
K Padmalochana
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Membrane Stabilization ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

This present investigation stated that acetone and ethanol extract of M,oleifera leaves was estimated that presence of phytochemical constituents by biochemical test and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammation activity was assessed by calculating inhibition of protein denaturation, proteinase activity and membrane stabilization activity at different concentration of extract. The plant extract highly protective activity against heat induced protein denaturation and the IC50 results values 271.25±2.74 and 304.25±2.33μg/ml, for acetone and ethanol extract respectively. Heat induced haemolysis was 50% inhibited for acetone and ethanol extract at the concentration of 271.43±0.73 and 322.10±1.34 μg/ml, respectively. The membrane stabilization activity (IC50) was assessed by hypotonicity induced haemolysis at a concentration of 216.98±1.84 and 259.65±1.83μg/ml for acetone and ethanol extract, respectively. The results obtained in the present study indicate that ethanol extracts of M.oleifera leaves can be a potential source of anti-inflammatory agents compared than acetone extract and standard drug. Keywords: Antinflammatory, plant extract, phytochemicals

scholarly journals Antidermatophytic, the anticancer and antioxidant activity of Cassia alata ethanolic extract and its phytochemical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 838-845
Author(s):  
Sujatha J ◽  
Rajeshkumar S ◽  
Lakshmi T
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Cassia Alata ◽  
Stomach Pain

Cassia alata is used traditionally to cure various diseases like ulcers, stomach pain and fever. The potential of antidermatophytic, free radical scavenging and cytotoxic activity of ethanol leaves extracts of C. alata was studied. The preliminary phytochemical screening assay elucidates that presence of carbohydrates, tannin, phenol, saponin, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoids, glycosides, and alkaloids. Further phytochemical extraction was done by GC-MS, HPLC and FTIR. GC-MS analysis confirms that the presence of two major compounds namely Hexadecanoic acid and Oleic acid with four minor compounds. HPLC techniques revealed that the presence of two major compounds observed in two different retention time. FTIR spectrum revealed that the presence of carboxylic groups, alkanes, aldehydes and aliphatic amines in the ethanol extract of C. alata leaves. Cytotoxic effect of ethanol extract was assayed at different concentrations like 10, 25, 50 and 100 μg/ml against human epithelial carcinoma (A431). At100 μg/ml of ethanol concentration, 93.26±5.44 (%) and 82.45±2.44 (%) percentage of cancer cells were inhibited by ethanol extract and standard drug, respectively. Microscopic images of cancer cells treated with ethanol extract confirm the morphological changes and shrinkages of cells leads to cell death. These results were suggesting that Cassia alata exhibit high potential antioxidant, antidermatophytic and cytotoxic activity and also it could serve as alternative new resources for manufacturing new drugs against newly evaluating diseases.

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