scholarly journals Formulation Shooting Gel on Jamblang Fruit (Syzgium cumini) as Sunscreen and Physical Stability

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Lilies Wahyu Ariani ◽  
Muhammad Ryan Radix Rahardhian ◽  
Erna Prasetyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Optimum Formula ◽  
Almost All

Effect of exposure ultraviolet light, which is bad for human skin, results in sunburn, dryness, premature aging until skin cancer occurs. Shooting gel is a cosmetic product that is just a trend in the community, containing active ingredients with high concentrations, making it suitable for use as a sunscreen. Previous studies of jamblang have antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study is to obtain a stable, optimum formula for shooting jamblang fruit gel by determining the SPF value and measuring the irritation index. Shooting jamblang fruit gel made four concentrations (60, 70, 80, and 90%) and evaluated physical characteristics, determination of SPF values, and stability test. The data obtained were analyzed with a different 95% confidence level test to find out a significant difference between the treatment groups. The results of the research of positive jamblang fruit contain flavonoid compounds, phenolic, polyphenols, tannins, anthocyanins, and saponins. Evaluation of physical characteristics shows that variations in concentration do not affect viscosity (p > 0.05) but affect pH, dispersion, and adhesion (p 0.05). SPF FI value of 5.46 (Medium); FII of 11.45 (maximum); FIII of 8.51 (maximum); FIV of 34.73 (Ultra). The Greater the concentration, the greater the SPF value. Stability Shooting jamblang fruit gel almost all formulas there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) on the evaluation of viscosity, adhesion, and dispersion. At pH, there were significant differences in all formulas (p 0.05).

Partial dissociation of nitrogen aggregates in diamond by high temperature-high pressure treatments

1978 ◽  
Vol 361 (1704) ◽  
pp. 109-127 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Relation ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Type I ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Partial Dissociation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

Type I (a) diamonds contain high concentrations of nitrogen, almost all of which is in an aggregated form. The two main aggregates are recognized by characteristic absorption features in the infrared region of the spectrum. These are called A and B features; usually a peak designated B' is also present. When such diamonds were heated at 1960 °C and above under a stabilizing pressure of 85kbar (8.5 GPa) the nitrogen aggregates partially dissociated, producing single substitutional atoms which were identified by electron paramagnetic resonance (e.p.r.) measurements. Experiments with selected diamonds, showing wide variations in their characteristic infrared absorption, determined the relative stability of the A and B centres. Optical measurements led to the determination of a general relation between the strengths of the A, B and B' features. The experimental observations suggest a scheme for the occurrence of type I (a) diamonds containing nitrogen atoms which have aggregated into A centres; type I (b) diamonds can also be included in this scheme.

Changes in the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants in the blood serum of Duroc boars depending on the duration of their fattening

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
O. A. Voronina ◽  
◽  
A. A. Savina ◽  
N. S. Kolesnik ◽  
N. V. Bogolyubova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Amperometric Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
First Time

The influence of fattening conditions on the digestive and metabolic processes in animals is actively studied to increase the production of animal food. The aim of the study was to estimate the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants in the blood serum of Duroc boars depending on the duration of fattening. Experiments were conducted on 102 animals to confirm the results of laboratory studies, as well as determination of the total antioxidant activity of pig blood serum by amperometric method. For the first time, a significant difference in antioxidant activity was found in blood samples of Duroc boars with the duration of their fattening from 81 to 101 days.

scholarly journals Perubahan morfologi sel HeLa setelah paparan ekstrak etanolik Curcuma longa

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryani Hutomo ◽  
Heni Susilowati ◽  
Yanti Ivana Suryanto ◽  
Chandra Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Cell Shrinkage ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Almost All

Cell morphological changes on HeLa cells after Curcuma longa etanolik extract exposure. Curcuma is mostly found in the areas with tropical and sub-tropical climate, and is one of original plants of Southeast Asia. In Indonesia, curcuma can be found in almost all regions and areas. Curcumin, which is curcuma’s main constituent, is a potent anti oxidant. Previous studies reported that curcuma longa extract may decrease the growth of cancer cells by interfering with cell proliferation, and by causing the cell apoptosis; however, the mechanism of apoptosis remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Curcuma longa extract on the morphological change of HeLa cells, indicating the cell damage. HeLa cells (5x10⁴ cells/well) were cultured in complete RPMI 1640 overnight before stimulation. Etanol extract of Curcuma longa (50 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml, 150 µg/ml) were added to the culture of HeLa cells and were incubated for 24 hours in antibiotic-free of culture medium. HeLa cells morphological analysis was performed under phase contrast microscope after haematoxilent eosin staining. Docsorubisin (0,5625 mg/ml) was used as positive control in this study. The results demonstrated that Curcuma longa extract caused cell morphological changes on HeLa cells indicated by cell shrinkage, lost contact with neighboring cells as the alteration of apoptotic cell death in most of cell population. The nuclei were dark as a result of their capability to absorb haematoxylene dye. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between controls and treatment groups. It was then concluded that Curcuma longa extract induced cell damage on HeLa cells in a way of cell shrinkage.ABSTRAKKunyit (Curcuma longa) merupakan tanaman yang dapat tumbuh di daerah tropis dan sub tropis, serta merupakan tanaman asli Asia Tenggara. Di Indonesia, kunyit menyebar secara merata di seluruh daerah. Kurkumin yang merupakan unsur utama kunyit, merupakan antioksidan yang kuat. Beberapa penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa kunyit mampu menghambat pertumbuhan beberapa tipe sel kanker. Mekanisme anti-kanker kurkumin adalah dengan menghambat proliferasi sel. Penelitian terdahulu melaporkan bahwa ekstrak Curcuma longa menginduksi apoptosis pada sel HeLa, tetapi mekanisme kematian sel tersebut belum jelas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh ekstrak Curcuma longa pada perubahan morfologi sel HeLa, dimana perubahan morfologi merupakan parameter kerusakan sel. Sel HeLa (5x104 sel/well) dikultur dalam RPMI 1640 semalam sebelum stimulasi. Ekstrak etanol kunyit (50 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml, 150 µg/ml) ditambahkan pada kultur HeLa dan diinkubasi selama 24 jam dalam medium tanpa antibiotik. Analisis morfologi sel HeLa dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroskop fase kontras setelah pewarnaan haematoksilen eosin. Doksorubisin (0,5625 µg/ml) digunakan sebagai kontrol positif induksi apoptosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak Curcuma longa menyebabkan perubahan morfologi sel yang ditandai dengan semakin mengecilnya ukuran sel, hilangnya prosesus sitoplasmik sehingga sel berbentuk bulat, serta hilang kontak dengan sel lain yang merupakan ciri apoptosis pada sebagian besar sel HeLa. Nukleus tampak berwarna gelap karena peningkatan kapasitas penyerapan zat haematoksilen. Analisa statistik menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok kontrol positif dan negatif dengan kelompok stimulasi dalam jumlah sel yang mengalami perubahan morfologi menuju apoptosis. Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak Curcuma longa mampu menginduksi perubahan morfologi sel HeLa yaitu berupa cell shrinkage.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and inter-relationships of fruit bio-chemicals and antioxidant activity in Iranian wild blackberry species

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Garazhian ◽  
Ali Gharaghani ◽  
Saeid Eshghi
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Blackberries are a rich source of bio-chemicals such as anthocyanins and polyphenolic antioxidants. The evaluation of the extent of variation among wild genetic resources can provide useful information for the establishment of effective conservation strategies and future breeding programs. In this study, variations and inter-relationship of berry weight, total phenol (TP), total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid (AA), anthocyanin and antioxidant activity were estimated in their values among 57 accessions belonging to 4 different Rubus spp. native to Iran. The experiments were performed during two consecutive years (2014 and 2015). Combine analysis showed that there is no significant difference between the data of 2 years in all measured traits. High or very high levels of variations were detected in berry weight (0.14–1.30 g), antioxidant activity (40.21–88.08%), anthocyanin (80.74–145.09 mg/100 g), TSS (7.9–17.8 °Brix), TA (0.36–0.83%) and AA (9.56–20.92 mg/100 g). This is while TP showed very low levels of variation (109.5–129.1 mg/100 g). Correlation analysis showed that antioxidant activity correlated highly and positively with all of the measured characteristics including ascorbic acid (r = 0.927), anthocyanin (r = 0.752), total phenol (r = 0.681), TSS (r = 0.473) and berry weight (r = 0.541) except for TA. Cluster analysis based on all measured characteristics showed a partial differentiation between the accessions based on their species and, to lesser extent, according to their origin within the main clusters. Based on the bi-plot of the first two PCAs, genotypes and traits classified into four quadrants. This grouping was in agreement with that of cluster analysis, considering the fact that almost all of accessions in quadrants II and III (with a few exceptions) were same to those in the first clade of cluster analysis and the genotypes grouped in quadrants I and IV, represents the accessions of clade 2 in cluster analysis. The projection of the traits vectors in PCA were also fully in accordance to that of correlation analysis in almost all of studied traits. Results showed that a rich source of variations is available considering berry weight, fruit bio-chemical and antioxidant activity in the Iranian wild Rubus species, which needs immediate conservation and worth to be utilized in commercial breeding programs.

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS TABIR SURYA DAN ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SUNGKAI (Perenema canescens Jack)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
Fadlilaturrahmah Fadlilaturrahmah ◽  
◽  
Amalia Khairunnisa ◽  
Aditya MP Putra ◽  
Ivanna Sinta
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
The Tropics

Indonesia, which is located in the tropics, causes people's skin to easily experience premature aging and tan. Most of these cosmetic products contain dangerous synthetic chemicals. For this reason, cosmetic products with natural active ingredients or phytocosmetics that are effective and safe to use need to be developed. One of the typical natural plant plants from South Kalimantan that has the potential to be developed as a cosmetic preparation is Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack). The aim of the study was to determine the antioxidant activity and sunscreen activity of Sungkai leaves. The method used for the determination of antioxidant activity is the DPPH method using a uv-vis spectrophotometer and for the determination of sunscreen activity using a uv-vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the P. canescens plant extract contained anthraquinones, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenols. P.canescens plants have an Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC50 ) of 42.219±19.440 ppm and have sunscreen activity with spf (Sun Protecting Factor) values ??with concentrations of 600 ppm, 400 ppm, 200 respectively as follows: 24±0.31; 16±0.34; and 8±0.3. The conclusion of this study Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) has antioxidant activity and has sunscreen activity so that it has the potential to be developed into natural skin care.

scholarly journals Estimation of Environmental Risk when Eating Raw and Boiled Vegetables

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Almost All

The risk to human health due the consumption of vegetables is based on the characterization of harmful effects that can develop in the human body in case of the long-term eating of these products. At the same time, when people consume vegetables, it is possible to reduce their content of pollutants by heat treatment, for example, cooking. Therefore, it is relevant to compare the risk that occurs when eating raw and boiled vegetables. Purpose. Determination of environmental risk from the eating of vegetables (carrots and potatoes) with high concentrations of chemical elements and the ability to reduce them in case of boiling. Methods. Field, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, statistical methods were used. Results. On the basis of field-based research, the content of heavy metals - lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and iron and nitrates in cooked and raw carrots and potatoes - was determined on the farmland located in Shevchenkovo settlement of the Kharkiv region and laboratory studies. It turned out that virtually all metals concentrations do not have excessived MAC. To determine the level of influence of cooking on the fruit the relative content of heavy metals before and after cooking were researched. Based on the results of laboratory analysis, the coefficients of concentration of heavy metals in plant products were calculated and the environmental risk from the consumption of vegetables in food was calculated. When comparing all risk agents among themselves by hazard ratios, the predominance of nitrates and cadmium in all samples was detected. It should also be noted that there is a high risk of lead, copper and iron found in carrots. Comparison of test objects with the overall environmental risk for health from their use showed that the highest risk is crude carrots, and the lowest - potatoes are cooked. Heat treatment of carrots reduces the overall risk by only 25%, and potato - by 40%. Conclusions. It is established that after heat treatment almost all substances are partially derived from vegetables. Analysis of the changes occurring in potatoes and carrots after cooking indicates a reduction in the risk of the disease. The risk of the onset of diseases in virtually all organs is highest when carrots are consumed raw.

scholarly journals The determination of antioxidants activity and sunblock Sterculia populifolia extract- based cream

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Khairi ◽  
Suryani As’ad ◽  
Khairuddin Djawad ◽  
Gemini Alam
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Stability Parameter ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Antioxidants Activity ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Sun Protection Factor

Sterculia populifolia is commonly used as the ingredient of traditional herb in Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. It contains flavonoid which roles as antioxidant. This flavonoid can be sunblock due to the existence of chromophore which commonly gives color to plants. This study aimed to determine the activity of antioxidants and sunblock through the value of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) from Sterculia populifolia extract-based cream and cream preparation extract. This cream was formulated into four formulas; extract concentrate 0% (F0), 1% (F1), 3% (F2) and 5% (F3). The result showed that the whole formula of cream preparation filled the physical stability parameter. F3 cream had IC50 79.179 ppm value while SPF had 5.6 value higher than F1 and F2. The smaller the IC50 value, the bigger antioxidant activity and SPF increased.

scholarly journals FORMULASI EMULGEL DARI EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera LAM) SERTA EVALUASI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DENGAN METODE DPPH

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Nurul Istiqomah ◽  
Juliyanti Akuba
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dispersion Test ◽  
Topical Dosage ◽  
The One ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) is one of the plants that has high antioxidant activity, especially in the leaves. Emulgel is one of the topical dosage which dermatologically has several beneficial properties, namely thixotropic, not oily, easy to spread, easy to clean, soft, easy to wash, long lasting, transparent and comfortable when used. The purpose of this research was to formulate moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves extract into emulgel dosage forms and determine the antioxidant activity of the dosage using DPPH method.The research began with extraction of moringa leaves and optimization of the base by varying the concentration of carbopol 940 as gelling consisting of F1 0.5%, F2 1%, F3 1.5% and F4 2%. The base that met the requirements of good physical stability was F2.  The F2 base was then made into emulgel dosage with 3 concentration variations of the extract, namely F2a 4%, F2b 5% and F2c 6%. The physical stability test result of each formula met the organoleptic test,the pH test, the dispersion test, the adhesion test, the viscosity test, and the freeze-thaw test. The One way ANOVA statistical test result showed that the p value was greater than 0.05, which meant that the emulgel dosage had good physical stability. The IC50values of each antioxidant activity result were F2a (t0 = 120.464 g/mL; t28 = 144.887 g/mL), F2b (t0 = 113.642 g/mL; t28 = 128.407g/mL), F2c (t0 = 74.745 g/mL; t28 = 90.618 g/mL). The statistical results of the t-test showed thep value = 0,027, (0.05), This indicated that there were significant difference results of the antioxidant activity test between the three formulas on the first day (t0) and on the 28th day (t28).

scholarly journals Paraoxonase activity in the serum of peripartum dairy cows with different placental lactogen concentrations

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3371
Author(s):  
Marina Menoncin Weschenfelder Rohenkohl ◽  
Matheus Gomes Lopes ◽  
Antônio Amaral Barbosa ◽  
Ana Rita Tavares Krause ◽  
Paula Montagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Maternal Metabolism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Peripartum Period ◽  
High Concentrations

The action of the bovine placental lactogen (bPL) hormone on maternal metabolism is still poorly known. Some markers, such as the acute phase protein paraoxonase (PON1), are used as indicators of liver function and help to determine the metabolic condition during the transition period in dairy cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of paraoxonase (PON1) in the serum of peripartum dairy cows with different levels of bPL. Based on the plasma bPL concentration, 18 cows were divided equally into three groups: LOW ( < 2,68 ng bPL mL-1), MEDIUM (2,68–2,80 ng bPL mL-1), and HIGH ( > 2,80 ng bPL mL-1). The experiment was conducted between 21 days prepartum and 28 days postpartum. Serum samples were collected during the experiment for the determination of bPL concentrations and PON1 activity. The bPL concentration was significantly different between the experimental groups (P ? 0,0001) and the days of serum collection (P ? 0,0001). In the prepartum dairy cows, the PON1 levels were different between the groups (P ? 0,05) and the days of serum collection (P ? 0,05). Cows with high bPL concentration had lower serum PON1 activity (P ? 0,05), while cows with low hormone levels had higher enzyme activity (P ? 0,05). In the postpartum period, there was a significant difference between the days of serum collection (P ? 0,0001) and the interaction between groups and collections (P ? 0,01). The group with high concentrations of bPL had lower levels of PON1 (P ? 0,01), while the group with low bPL maintained higher concentrations of PON1 (P ? 0,01). It was concluded that the cows with higher concentrations of bPL in the prepartum period present a reduction in the serum activity of the PON1 enzyme during the peripartum period.

scholarly journals ACUTE TOXICITY EVALUATION OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF INDONESIAN VELVET BEANS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Ratnaningsih Eko Sardjono ◽  
Iqbal Musthapa ◽  
Sholihin . ◽  
Atun Qowiyah ◽  
Rahmi Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain

Objective: This research was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of ethanol extract of velvet beans (Mucuna pruriens) from Indonesia. Extract of Indonesian Mucuna pruriens seeds showed antiparkinson activity due to the presence of L-DOPA inadequate levels. However, research on the toxicity level of Mucuna pruriens seeds from Indonesia is still limited. Acute toxicity data are needed to make Mucuna pruriens as standardized herbal medicine for Parkinson disease.Methods: The dried seed of Mucuna pruriens was extracted by ethanol and suspended with tragacanth to make several dosas of ethanol extract of Mucuna pruriens seeds. Determination of acute toxicity was performed on six groups, each consisting of five Wistar rats. One group was used as a control group; other groups were given ethanol extract of Mucuna pruriens seeds orally at a dose of 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 2000 mg/kg, and 5000 mg/kg body weight. Symptoms of toxicity, including death, were observed daily for 14 d. At the end of the observation, the surviving Wistar rats were autopsied and the brain, heart, liver, lungs, stomach, spleen, kidneys, and ovaries were weighed to give relative organ weight.Results: There was no mortality observed in all groups. The Wistar rats gained weight within the normal range. The relative organ weights in all groups generally did not show a significant difference. However, the significant differences (P<0.05) were seen in the liver for all treatment groups compared to the control group.Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Mucuna pruriens seeds from Indonesia administered orally has LD50>5000 mg/kg, thus it could be regarded as safe or non-toxic. However, this extract may be potentially toxic to the liver

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