Modern approaches to diagnostics and treatment of migraine in children

This article reviews modern approaches to diagnostics and treatment of a very common and simultaneously underestimated and often maltreated disorder in children. It is fallacious management of migraine masked behind the diagnoses such as autonomic vessel dysfunction and vascular headache here in Ukraine. This is a tremendous problem and it should be solved with appropriate information spread across the medical community. Up-to-date classification according to the International Headache Society, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, investigation and treatment strategies are presented in the article. All supported data are com-pliant with guidelines of developed countries with evidence-based medicine (US, Canada, Great Britain, Japan, Australia, New Zealand) enhanced with new trials and approved methods. Migraine management is a rapidly evolving concept, where major changes were done during recent years (transcranial Deep Brain Stimulation, vagus stimulation, CGRP-receptor mono-clonal antibodies). Considering disorder incidence and its impact on life quality and the existence of options for alleviating symptoms, this information is important for physicians who work with children, especially for general practitioners, pediatrics, pediatric and adult neurologists.

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Therapeutic Potential of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for Endothelial Dysfunction- Related Diseases

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200403172736 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (30) ◽

pp. 3633-3651 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Javier Blanco-Rivero ◽

Fabiano E. Xavier

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Pde Inhibitors ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are considered a major health problem worldwide, being the main cause of mortality in developing and developed countries. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by a decline in nitric oxide production and/or bioavailability, increased oxidative stress, decreased prostacyclin levels, and a reduction of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor is considered an important prognostic indicator of various CVD. Changes in cyclic nucleotides production and/ or signalling, such as guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) and adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP), also accompany many vascular disorders that course with altered endothelial function. Phosphodiesterases (PDE) are metallophosphohydrolases that catalyse cAMP and cGMP hydrolysis, thereby terminating the cyclic nucleotide-dependent signalling. The development of drugs that selectively block the activity of specific PDE families remains of great interest to the research, clinical and pharmaceutical industries. In the present review, we will discuss the effects of PDE inhibitors on CVD related to altered endothelial function, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, stroke, aging and cirrhosis. Multiple evidences suggest that PDEs inhibition represents an attractive medical approach for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction-related diseases. Selective PDE inhibitors, especially PDE3 and PDE5 inhibitors are proposed to increase vascular NO levels by increasing antioxidant status or endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and activation and to improve the morphological architecture of the endothelial surface. Thereby, selective PDE inhibitors can improve the endothelial function in various CVD, increasing the evidence that these drugs are potential treatment strategies for vascular dysfunction and reinforcing their potential role as an adjuvant in the pharmacotherapy of CVD.

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1112. #EducationInTheTimeofCOVID: Using Twitter to Disseminate Evidence-Based Medicine during a Pandemic

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1298 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S586-S587

Author(s):

Caroline G Coleman ◽

Timothy T Daugherty ◽

Yooree G Chung ◽

Angel X Xiao ◽

Amy C Sherman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Health Professionals ◽

High Volume ◽

Clinical Syndrome ◽

Medical Community ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Teaching Aids ◽

Twitter Analytics ◽

Large Audience ◽

Based Medicine

Abstract Background The medical community has used Twitter as a learning tool during the COVID-19 pandemic to digest the high volume of rapidly evolving literature. However, Twitter contains educational content of varying quality and accuracy. To address this issue, we created and disseminated visual abstracts of COVID-19 literature on Twitter to educate health professionals. Methods Fellows and faculty members from multiple institutions collaborated with Emory University medical students to create visual abstracts of published COVID-19 literature (Figure 1). ID fellows and faculty identified and summarized 10-15 high-impact COVID-19 articles each week. Medical students created visual abstracts for each article, which fellows or faculty reviewed for accuracy. We disseminated them on Twitter (@JenniferSpicer4, 4,373 followers) and our website (Figure 2). We measured engagement with tweets using Twitter Analytics. Figure 1: COVID-19 Visual Abstract Example Figure 2: Website hosting COVID-19 weekly literature summaries and visual abstracts (https://med.emory.edu/departments/medicine/divisions/infectious-diseases/covid19-roundup/) Results Since March 2020, we have created, reviewed, and disseminated 139 graphics with 116 student authors and 33 fellow/faculty reviewers across three academic institutions (Table 1). Topics included public health & prevention, virology & basic science, epidemiology, transmission & infection control, clinical syndrome, diagnostics, therapeutics, vaccinology, and ethics & policy. Tweets had a median of 9,300 impressions (interquartile range [IQR] 5,432-13,233) with 766 engagements (IQR 432-1,288) and an engagement rate of 8.6% (IQR 7.1%-10.0%) (Table 2). Each tweet had a median of 25 retweets (IQR 17-38) and 55 likes (IQR 34-81). A few tweets had significantly higher metrics; maximum values were 84,257 impressions, 9,758 engagements, 19.0% engagement rate, 239 retweets, and 381 likes. In addition to disseminating graphics on Twitter, we received requests to use them as teaching aids from multiple health professionals worldwide, and the visual abstracts have been translated into Spanish and disseminated on Twitter and Instagram via @MEdSinFrontera. Table 1: Descriptive Statistics of COVID-19 Visual Series Table 2: Twitter Metrics for COVID-19 Visual Series (as of 6/10/2020) Conclusion Engagement rates with our visual abstracts were high, demonstrating the power of Twitter. ID educators can use visual abstracts to summarize and disseminate accurate information to a large audience on social media, which is especially important in the setting of an emerging infection. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Current Insights into Immunology and Novel Therapeutics of Atopic Dermatitis

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10061392 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1392

Author(s):

Hidaya A. Kader ◽

Muhammad Azeem ◽

Suhib A. Jwayed ◽

Aaesha Al-Shehhi ◽

Attia Tabassum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Food Allergies ◽

Th2 Response ◽

Therapeutic Outcomes ◽

Environmental Agents ◽

Novel Treatment Strategies

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory disease among non-fatal skin diseases, affecting up to one fifth of the population in developed countries. AD is characterized by recurrent pruritic and localized eczema with seasonal fluctuations. AD initializes the phenomenon of atopic march, during which infant AD patients are predisposed to progressive secondary allergies such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergies. The pathophysiology of AD is complex; onset of the disease is caused by several factors, including strong genetic predisposition, disrupted epidermal barrier, and immune dysregulation. AD was initially characterized by defects in the innate immune system and a vigorous skewed adaptive Th2 response to environmental agents; there are compelling evidences that the disorder involves multiple immune pathways. Symptomatic palliative treatment is the only strategy to manage the disease and restore skin integrity. Researchers are trying to more precisely define the contribution of different AD genotypes and elucidate the role of various immune axes. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge about the roles of innate and adaptive immune responsive cells in AD. In addition, current and novel treatment strategies for the management of AD are comprehensively described, including some ongoing clinical trials and promising therapeutic agents. This information will provide an asset towards identifying personalized targets for better therapeutic outcomes.

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Publication by association: how the COVID-19 pandemic has shown relationships between authors and editorial board members in the field of infectious diseases

BMJ evidence-based medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjebm-2021-111670 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bmjebm-2021-111670

Author(s):

Clara Locher ◽

David Moher ◽

Ioana Alina Cristea ◽

Florian Naudet

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Evidence Based Medicine ◽

Medical Community ◽

Board Members ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Ripple Effect ◽

New Type ◽

Based Medicine

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the rush to scientific and political judgements on the merits of hydroxychloroquine was fuelled by dubious papers which may have been published because the authors were not independent from the practices of the journals in which they appeared. This example leads us to consider a new type of illegitimate publishing entity, ‘self-promotion journals’ which could be deployed to serve the instrumentalisation of productivity-based metrics, with a ripple effect on decisions about promotion, tenure and grant funding, but also on the quality of manuscripts that are disseminated to the medical community and form the foundation of evidence-based medicine.

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A tribute to Johann Gottlieb Burckhardt-Heussler (1836–1907), the pioneer of psychosurgery

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2042 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S553-S553 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Arts ◽

P. Michielsen ◽

S. Petrykiv ◽

L. de Jonge

Keyword(s):

Significant Contribution ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Medical Community ◽

Psychiatric Illnesses ◽

Scientific Papers ◽

Show Evidence ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Chronic Psychiatric Patients ◽

Deep Brain

IntroductionJohann Gottlieb Burckhardt-Heussler was a Swiss psychiatrist, who pioneered controversial psychosurgical procedures. Burckhardt-Heussler extirpated various brain regions from six chronic psychiatric patients under his care. By removing cortical tissue he aimed to relieve the patients of symptoms, including agitation, rather than effect a cure.ObjectivesTo present the scientific papers of Johann Gottlieb Burckhardt-Heussler on psychosurgery.AimsTo review available literature and to show evidence that Burckhardt-Heussler made a significant contribution to the development of psychosurgery.MethodsA biography and private papers are presented and discussed, followed by a literature review.ResultsThe theoretical basis of Burckhardt-Heussler's psychosurgical procedure was influenced by the zeitgeist and based on his belief that psychiatric illnesses were the result of specific brain lesions. His findings were ignored by scientists to make them disappear into the mists of time, while the details of his experiments became murky. Decades later, it was the American neurologist Walter Freeman II, performing prefrontal lobotomies since 1936, who found it inconceivable that the medical community had forgotten Burckhardt-Heussler and who conceded that he was familiar with, and probably even influenced by, Burckhardt's work.ConclusionIt is partly thanks to Burckhardt-Heussler's pioneering work that modern psychosurgery has gradually evolved from irreversible ablation to reversible stimulation techniques, including deep brain stimulation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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β-type Ti Alloys for Biomedical Applications

Annals of Advanced Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.23880/aabsc-16000151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ridvan Yamanoglu

Keyword(s):

Elastic Modulus ◽

Life Quality ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Medical Product ◽

The Body ◽

Shielding Effect ◽

Metallic Biomaterials ◽

Ti Alloys ◽

The World ◽

Product Industry

In the world market, medical products emerge as a sector that directly concerns people’s life quality and related activities. The medical product industry continues to grow rapidly in the world, especially in developed countries in line with the advances in technology, along with the elderly population and welfare level. In this context, biomedical implants constitute an important branch of the medical product industry. Among the materials preferred for implant production, the metallic biomaterials are very popular due to their superior mechanical properties. Ti and Ti alloys, among the metallic biomaterials, draw more attention considerably compared to stainless steel and Co-Cr alloys due to their characteristic features such as high specific strength and superior corrosion resistance, low density and low modulus of elasticity. Although the elastic modulus of titanium and its alloys is low compared to the other metallic biomaterials, it remains higher than bone. β-type Ti alloys have been developed to prevent the stress shielding effect caused by the elastic modulus mismatch and sterilization of the biomaterials used in the body from toxic alloy elements. In this article, the effect of the use of β-type Ti alloys, which are extremely prospective materials and open to development, in the body on host organisms, and the efficiency of the developed alloys have been investigated.

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MODERN CONDITION AND DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES OF THE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN UKRAINE

Black Sea Economic Studies ◽

10.32843/bses.64-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Olena Komchatnykh ◽

Svitlana Petrovska ◽

Nataliia Redko

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Western Europe ◽

Life Quality ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

Necessary Condition ◽

Transport Services ◽

Wide Range ◽

Effective Development ◽

Modern Condition

The article considers modern condition and development perspectives of transport at whole and the transport infrastructure of Ukraine. The basis of the country transport complex makes up its infrastructure, it joins manufacturing, users, suppliers and partners. Developed infrastructure affects not only effective and timely delivery of the products, but provides for decreased transport expenses. The beneficial geographical position of Ukraine, crossing the main transit ways between Europe and Asia, presence of active Black Sea ports, developed network of railroads, car roads and pipelines throughout the latitudinal and meridian directions create all predispositions for the transport branch development. The studies of the Ukrainian transport infrastructure and transport condition during last years evidence about non-stable dynamics, which is mainly related to economical and geopolitical crisis in the country as well as the COVID 19 consequences. Analysis of the freight transport by transport kinds shows increased volumes of car transport with decreased railway transport. The rise of the car transport share is connected to its advantages: mobility, possibility of delivery exactly to the destination, high speed of delivery, flexibility of the route choice, wide range of the shipment as well as provision of logistic services by cars. Exacerbation in the East has considerably decreased number of contracts between Ukrainian shipping companies and international partners related to the international transportation. First of all, the situation provides for decreased transportation volumes on the territory of Ukraine. The level of transport services to economic system and population of Ukraine is significantly lower than that one in the developed countries of the world. According to the car road characteristics, Ukraine has long been behind not only the countries of Western Europe, but many post-Soviet countries. A necessary condition of the effective development and managing crisis in the transport branch, particularly that caused by the COVID 19 pandemics, is development and modernizing transport infrastructure of Ukraine according to the modern technological requirements. This will provide for uniform development of all regions of Ukraine, improved population life quality, development of trade and tourism as well as creation of new economic opportunities by attracting foreign investment.

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Potential antidiabetic activity of medicinal plants – A short review

The Journal of Phytopharmacology ◽

10.31254/phyto.2018.7509 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 456-459

Author(s):

A. Rajendran ◽

◽

R. Sudeshraj ◽

S. Sureshkumar ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Hepatic Glucose Production ◽

Glucose Production ◽

Short Review ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Hepatic Glucose ◽

Diabetic Treatment ◽

Impaired Insulin Action ◽

Based Medicine

Diabetes mellitus is a dreadful disease caused by the increase in hepatic glucose production and impaired insulin action. The usage of herbal based medicine has been increasing tremendously in both developing and developed countries over the last three decades. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive review of antidiabetic activity of following medicinal plants like Gymnema sylvestris, Rubia cardifolia, Bilberry, Green Tea, Salacia reticulate, Berberis aristata, Pterocarpus marsupium, Fenugreek, Ashwagandha, Bitter melon. The efficiency of these medicinal plants may regulate the diabetic metabolic abnormalities. This work would help researchers to choose potential herbal for diabetic treatment

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THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Novel protection and treatment strategies for chemotherapy-associated ovarian damage

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-20-1178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 184 (5) ◽

pp. R177-R192

Author(s):

Jiaqiang Xiong ◽

Liru Xue ◽

Ya Li ◽

Weicheng Tang ◽

Dan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Plan ◽

Ovarian Tissue ◽

Life Quality ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation ◽

Ovarian Protection ◽

Protection Method ◽

Fertility Protection ◽

Ovarian Damage

Fertility and ovarian protection against chemotherapy-associated ovarian damage has formed a new field called oncofertility, which is driven by the pursuit of fertility protection as well as good life quality for numerous female cancer survivors. However, the choice of fertility and ovarian protection method is a difficult problem during chemotherapy and there is no uniform guideline at present. To alleviate ovarian toxicity caused by anticancer drugs, effective methods combined with an individualized treatment plan that integrates an optimal strategy for preserving and restoring reproductive function should be offered from well-established to experimental stages before, during, and after chemotherapy. Although embryo, oocyte, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation are the major methods that have been proven effective and feasible for fertility protection, they are also subject to many limitations. Therefore, this paper mainly discusses the future potential methods and corresponding mechanisms for fertility protection in chemotherapy-associated ovarian damage.

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HiSpike Method for High-Throughput Cost Effective Sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Gene

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.798130 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Ephraim Fass ◽

Gal Zizelski Valenci ◽

Mor Rubinstein ◽

Paul J. Freidlin ◽

Shira Rosencwaig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

High Throughput ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Spike Protein ◽

Medical Community ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Gene Variants ◽

Spike Gene ◽

Field Samples

The changing nature of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic poses unprecedented challenges to the world's health systems. Emerging spike gene variants jeopardize global efforts to produce immunity and reduce morbidity and mortality. These challenges require effective real-time genomic surveillance solutions that the medical community can quickly adopt. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mediates host receptor recognition and entry into the cell and is susceptible to generation of variants with increased transmissibility and pathogenicity. The spike protein is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 patients and the most common antigen for induction of effective vaccine immunity. Tight monitoring of spike protein gene variants is key to mitigating COVID-19 spread and generation of vaccine escape mutants. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 sequencing methods are labor intensive and expensive. When sequence demands are high sequencing resources are quickly exhausted. Consequently, most SARS-CoV-2 strains are sequenced in only a few developed countries and rarely in developing regions. This poses the risk that undetected, dangerous variants will emerge. In this work, we present HiSpike, a method for high-throughput cost effective targeted next generation sequencing of the spike gene. This simple three-step method can be completed in < 30 h, can sequence 10-fold more samples compared to conventional methods and at a fraction of their cost. HiSpike has been validated in Israel, and has identified multiple spike variants from real-time field samples including Alpha, Beta, Delta and the emerging Omicron variants. HiSpike provides affordable sequencing options to help laboratories conserve resources for widespread high-throughput, near real-time monitoring of spike gene variants.

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