Muhammad Iqbal’s Islamic Philosophy Concept of Education Contextualised in Facing the Disruptive Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Badrul Munir Chair
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Educational Purpose ◽  
The Times ◽  
Educational Conditions ◽  
Spiritual Impact

This article describes the Muhammad Iqbal’s Islamic philosophy concept of education contextualised in facing the disruptive era. Contextualise thought of Muhammad Iqbal’s Islamic philosophy of education is very necessary because the industrial revolution always bring impact to human life, no exception in the field of education. The important points of Iqbal’s decription of individuality, individual development, alignment between the material and the spiritual, and creativity in education are particularly relevant to our educational conditions today. For Iqbal, the main educational purpose is to stengthen individuality so that everyone is able to understand the own potensiality. The development of individuality is a process in which humans must play an active role by conducting various experiments tha are relevant to the spirit of the times. The spirit of the disruptive era is the spirit of experimentation. But educational experiments, according to Iqbal will always have a moral and spiritual impact. So academics should not ignore the spiritual side of education.  

scholarly journals Daya Tahan dan Eksistensi Pesantren Di Era 4.0

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-313
Author(s):  
Muhamad Abdul Manan
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Spiritual Power ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
The Times

Pesantren as one of the religious education institutions that are the womb of the prospective Muslim scholars, they also have a mandate to carry out educational missions based on Article 1 (1) of Law No. 20 of 2003 namely developing the potential of students to have religious spiritual power, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character and skills needed by him, society, nation, and state. Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 (here in after: Era 4.0) has an unimportant impact. It affects all aspects of human life. Included in this case is education. This era is characterized by the increasingly central role of cyber technology in human life. So do not be surprised if in the world of education the term "Education 4.0" appears. Availability of various information is born from the 4.0 digital revolution makes everyone able to access knowledge without being limited by space and time, therefore the pesantren curriculum continues to be encouraged to be contextual to the needs of the times, but on the other hand the pesantren is still able to maintain its identity as guardian of tradition. Efforts that can be developed in Islamic boarding schools in the era of 4.0 include building digital literacy in Islamic boarding schools and creating Islamic study channels.

scholarly journals Curriculum Revitalization of Faculty of Ushuluddin University of Darussalam Gontor to Face Industrial Revolution 4.0

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuangga Kurnia Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Learning System ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
New Literacy ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Times

In the event of industrial revolution 4.0, commonly known as the "Age of Disruption", several challenges and opportunities arise and affect various aspects of human life. With no exception in the field of science which gave birth to a new paradigm in the realm of philosophy of science. The Faculty of Ushuluddin as the core of the University of Darussalam Gontor Ponorogo is also in need of evaluation and improvement in order to answer the challenges and to take advantage of these opportunities. A firm construction of the Faculty’s epistemology requires a massive revitalization in many aspects. In this paper, the author describes the aspects that need special attention by using Gavin Moodie's perspective to produce a comprehensive map for the aspects that support the continuity of higher education in the age of disruption. Revitalization by the Faculty of Ushuluddin would include the aspects of learning system, educational components, students, human resources, and literacy. The learning system needs to utilize a wide range of supporting digital media that the students are familiar with. The educational components which comprise the facility and infrastructure to support learning activities from classrooms, classrooms’ layouts, dormitories, equipment, and management in the faculty also receives very intense attention in accordance with the times. Students need to be equipped with 10 basic skills needed by the world and society today, these skills include the ability of metacognition, which is the ability of advance thinking. To achieve the previous profile, it is necessary to provide, guide and develop educators (HR) and to be supported by a new literacy movement that includes digital, technological, and human literacy. All of these revitalization efforts are still based on the philosophy of life of the Darussalam Gontor Islamic Boarding School, it is “the preservation of good traditions and adoption of a better innovation.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF DIGITAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1215-1227
Author(s):  
S.V. Popova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Times

Scientific and technological progress in the post-industrial society makes it possible to improve the entire system of economic relations both nationally and globally. Today, the activities of the leading countries are inextricably linked with the development of information technologies. On their basis, the USA, Japan, Germany, Great Britain and other countries are actively involved in the process of digitalization of their economies, using the information and communication infrastructure as a foundation. Digital technologies are actively spreading in economic and social spheres (artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of things, wireless technology). The digital economy is becoming the basis for the development of the economic system. Very often the digital economy is seen as a sign of the fourth industrial revolution and the third wave of globalization. New opportunities for digitalization consist in gaining access to goods when the buyer needs it, thereby helping to save material and financial resources, space and time. The availability of many benefits affects the development of the behavioral economy, thereby linking it to the digital one. The era of high technologies and communications has highlighted the key points in favor of the development of the digital economy. However, this process is contradictory and its implementation requires a comprehensive analysis, since touches upon issues of a socio-economic nature. Digitalization can solve many problems, but it can also create the same number. These problems relate to the massive dissemination of digital technologies, the formation of human capital, the development of the labor market, as well as the moral and ethical side of human life and society. This is a new era in which not the whole society benefits, but a community of IT companies influencing fluctuations in the price of securities that constantly generate new stock speculations. It is clear that the transition of society to the digital economy is inevitable; this is an essential requirement of the times. The digital economy manifests in itself dialectical principles and the identification of the ambiguity of this phenomenon in economic reality determines its relevance, significance and the possibility of further development.

scholarly journals FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM KONSEP PEMBELAJARAN HOLISTIK PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Adi Sudrajat ◽  
Atika Zuhrotus Sufiyana
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Holistic Learning ◽  
Education Philosophy ◽  
The Core ◽  
Current Scenario

It cannot be denied that looking at the learning process and also every scenario that occurs in this country is something that must be closely related to what and how one should know from the perspective of Islamic philosophy. Therefore, the essence of education which is based on Islam itself has a very significant contribution to human life. Discussing Islamic Philosophy of Education will focus on what philosophy is as the core of every theoretical and practical element of all aspects and knowledge. In this regard, this paper also looks at the relevance of the branches of philosophy (such as metaphysics and axiology) and philosophical schools of thought (such as pragmatism) in the discussion of Islamic Education Philosophy. Ultimately, this was seen as essential to achieving holistic learning. So this understanding of Islamic Philosophy proves to be important in understanding any current scenario in our context or society in this country, among other things about the importance of implementing aspects of Islamic Education Philosophy in looking at social problems; the application of aspects of Islamic Philosophy Education in Viewing Environmental Problems; and Educational Aspects of Islamic Philosophy in Viewing Emotional and Spiritual Intelligence in today's society. Kata Kunci: Islamic philosophy, learning, holistic Abstrak Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa melihat proses pembelajaran dan juga setiap skenario yang terjadi di negeri ini merupakan sesuatu yang harus berkaitan erat dengan apa dan bagaimana seharusnya seseorang mengetahui dari perspektif filsafat Islam. Oleh karena itu hakikat pendidikan yang berlandaskan Islam itu sendiri memiliki kontribusi yang sangat berarti bagi kehidupan manusia. Pembahasan Filsafat Islam Pendidikan akan menitikberatkan pada apa itu Filsafat sebagai inti dari setiap unsur teoritis dan praktis dari segala aspek dan ilmu. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, makalah ini juga melihat relevansi cabang-cabang filsafat (seperti metafisika dan aksiologi) dan aliran pemikiran filsafat (seperti pragmatisme) dalam pembahasan Filsafat Pendidikan Islam. Pada akhirnya, ini dipandang penting untuk mencapai pembelajaran holistik. Maka pemahaman Filsafat Islam ini terbukti menjadi penting dalam memahami setiap skenario terkini dalam konteks kita atau masyarakat di negeri ini, antara lain tentang pentingnya penerapan aspek Filsafat Pendidikan Islam dalam memandang masalah sosial; penerapan aspek Pendidikan Filsafat Islam dalam Melihat Masalah Lingkungan; dan Aspek Pendidikan Filsafat Islam dalam Memandang Kecerdasan Emosional dan Spiritual dalam masyarakat saat ini.Kata Kunci: filsafat islam, pembelajaran, holistik

STUDI KOMPARASI FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN Y.B MANGUNWIJAYA DAN KI HADJAR DEWANTARA SERTA RELEVANSINYA BAGI PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizqi Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Education System ◽  
Comparative Philosophy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
True Values

Education is essential for human life. Because with education, humans will experience a change, from not knowing to know. It can be said, that education is a noble effort in order to eradicate foolishness and humanizing human. According to what Immanuel Kant said that human could be human because of education. In Indonesia, the issues of the curriculum which is a government policy are one of the problems in education. The demands of the curriculum that want to measure the ability of the student just from numbers are one problem in the education world. Because education obviously cannot be narrowed down jus like that in numbers. These problems clearly cannot be solved easily. In one side, it must be admitted that the education system in Indonesia is very towards achieving a result. On the other side, a teacher must focus on teaching about true values. Based on the description above, this article will discuss the comparative philosophy of education in Y.B Mangunwijaya and Ki Hadjar Dewantara, and their relevance to education in Indonesia.

Islam, Globalization and Public Sector Governance (Islam, Globalisasi dan Pentadbiran Sektor Awam)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-216
Author(s):  
SM Abdul Quddus
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Administrative Model

Globalization started sometime ago and is an ongoing process. It is a diverse phenomenon, which has had tremendous impact on all aspects of human life. The spread of the culture of globalization can predominantly be attributed to the usage of modern electronic media such as the internet. As Islam is a global phenomenon, it becomes apparent that its principles should be held in the esteem befitting its status and not disregarded as irrelevant. Religious people of all age categories must agree to adapt their traditions to deal with the challenges of modernity. The end goal of globalization is thus to assess and integrate common ground into the world views of Islamic versus Western values rather than provoke bi-polarization and discord. As globalization in its current iteration predominantly stems from the influences of the West, it is paramount to scrutinize the differences in the Muslim interpretation of globalization in relation to its modern incarnation, to explore its differing definitions, the fluctuating goals of the educational systems, the sidelining of local traditions and languages, factors derived from the advent of “brain-drain” from certain nations, appropriate Muslim actions in response to globalization, and finally onto the question, how public sector management should be reformed in line with the reality of globalization and Islamic philosophy of government and administration in the contemporary era? However, following the example of the Western capitalist models and excluding religious public sector reform has produced varied reactions in MMCs. Such reactions include widespread social alienation and accelerated unhappiness and promotion of restless competition rather than cooperation. All these realities raise some unavoidable questions and debates that need to be properly addressed both from theoretical and practical perspectives. A refocused attention at the philosophy of public sector governance in light of the role of religion on the globalized and technology-driven world is an important endeavor to undertake. Thus the main objective of this paper is to explore an administrative model for public sector governance that will fulfil the socio-economic, technological and spiritual needs of a society. Data for this paper is collected mainly from secondary sources i.e. content analysis. ‘Islamic administrative model’ as suggested by Al-Buraey are used as the theoretical underpinning for this study. Keywords: Globalization, Heartware and software, Islam, New Public management, Islamic administrative model. Abstrak Globalisasi telah berlaku sejak dahulu lagi dan ia adalah proses yang berlaku secara berterusan. Ia adalah fenomena yang pelbagai, yang memberi kesan besar kepada manusia dari pelbagai aspek. Penyebaran globalisasi budaya di dominasi besar oleh penggunaan media elektronik moden seperti Internet. Oleh kerana Islam adalah fenomena global, jelaslah bahawa prinsipnya harus dipegang dengan harga yang sesuai dengan statusnya dan tidak sepatutnya dianggap sebagai tidak relevan. Orang yang beragama dari setiap lapisan umur mesti mengekalkan adat mereka walaupun mendepani arus kemodenan yang mencabar. Matlamat terulung globalisasi adalah untuk menilai dan mengintegrasikan titik persamaan tentang pandangan dunia pada nilai murni Islam atau nilai murni barat dan bukannya mencetuskan polarisasi dan perpecahan. Oleh kerana globalisasi pada hari ini didominasi sepenuhnya dari pengaruh Barat, adalah sangat penting untuk meneliti perbezaan dari sudut tafsiran Muslim juga tentang globalisasi berhubung dengan penjelmaan modennya, untuk meneroka definisi yang berbeza, matlamat yang berubah-ubah dalam sistem pendidikan, mengetepikan tradisi dan bahasa tempatan, faktor-faktor yang diperoleh daripada kemunculan "keberanian otak" dari negara-negara tertentu, tindakan Islam yang sesuai sebagai tindak balas kepada globalisasi, dan akhirnya kepada persoalan, bagaimana pengurusan sektor awam perlu diperbaharui selaras dengan realiti globalisasi dan falsafah Islam kerajaan dan pentadbiran dalam era kontemporari? Walaubagaimanapun, menuruti contoh model kapitalis barat dan meminggirkan sektor awam agama telah menghasilkan pelbagai tindak balas dalam MMCs. Reaksi sedemikian merangkumi pengasingan sosial yang meluas dan meningkatkan jurang ketidakpuasan dan menggalakkan persaingan yang tidak sihat berbanding untuk kerjasama. Kesemua realiti ini menimbulkan beberapa persoalan dan perdebatan yang tidak dapat dielakkan yang perlu ditangani dengan baik dari perspektif teori dan praktikal. Penelitian semula pada falsafah tadbir urus sektor awam yang dibantu oleh peranan agama terhadap dunia global yang serba berasaskan teknologi merupakan usaha penting untuk dilaksanakan. Oleh itu objektif utama penulisan ini adalah untuk meneroka model pentadbiran untuk tadbir urus sektor awam  yang akan memenuhi sosioekonomi, teknologi dan keperluan rohani daripada masyarakat. Data dari kertas ini dah dikumpulkan terutamanya dari sumber kedua iaitu analisis kandungan. ‘Model pentadbiran Islam’ seperti yang dicadangkan ole Al-Buraey dah digunakan sebagai asas teori bagi kajian ini. Kata Kunci:  Globalisasi, perkakasan dan perisian, Islam, Pengurusan Awam Baru, Model Pentadbiran Islam.  

Pengaruh Media Sosial bagi Tugas Penggembalaan Imam pada Era Revolusi Industri 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-212
Author(s):  
Avelinus Moat Simon
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Church Members ◽  
The Church

In the age of Industrial Revolution 4.0, human life is influenced by various of sophisticated technologies. One of them is social media that increasingly develop, and take some impacts in human life. The fact is there are some priests ignore their pastoral duty and this takes the result that the church is separated. Many of priests don’t live up to their calling as good shepherds. They cannot recognize the church members who entrusted to them by a bishop. This study focus on the influence of social media for a priest’s duty. The research method used in the issue is a qualitative method by using literature approach. I found out that a priest is a shepherd for members of catholic community. A priest ordained by a bishop to continue Christ duty. Social media can become a tool and an equipment for a priest to develop the spiritual life and ministry. The attendance of a priest is the presence Christ as a good shepherd for His sheeps.

Marketing Public Relations Melalui Instagram Screamous

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-380
Author(s):  
Nathasya Wiguna Wiguna ◽  
Nathasya Wiguna Dang Eif Dono Darsono
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Good Citizen ◽  
Special Events ◽  
Pull Strategy ◽  
The Times

ABSTRAK Nathasya Wiguna, Marketing Public Relations Melalui Instagram Screamous (Analisis Deskriptif pada Instagram @Screamous_55) Media sosial Instagram media dan seiring dengan berkembangnya zaman, Instagram menjadi salah satu media sosial yang cukup diminati untuk kepentingan komunikasi pemasaran, dengan ciri khasnya mengedepankan pesan visual dan audio visual dengan interaktivitas yang tinggi. Marketing Public Relations Instagram Screamous menjadikan instagram sebagai media atau saluran dalam berbisnis salah satunya di bidang fashion. Screamous dalam hal ini memiliki peran aktif dalam mengelola dan menginformasikan sebuah produk melalui media online.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meraih penyampaian informasi, mengenalkan brand dan produk serta menerapkan bangga akan produk lokal dengan menciptakan opini yang menguntungkan dan berhasilnya pemasaran. Selain itu bertujuan untuk mengetahui pull strategi dalam menarik minat konsumen terhadap konsumen, dengan push strategi yang mendorong berhasilnya pemasaran dan menggunakan pass strategi dalam memberikan opini yang menguntungkan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis desktiptif dan menerapkan paradigma konstruktivisme, kemudian teknik yang di gunakan pada penelitian ini adalah teknik pengumpulan data, observasi partisipatori pasif, wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumen. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui langkah-langkah : menentukan lokasi penelitian, menentukan metode penelitian, menentukan pemilihan informan, menentukan sumber dan jenis data, menentukan teknik pengumpulan data serta mengolah dan menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dalam mengenalkan dan mempertahankan brand lokal, dalam menunjang berhasilnya pemasaran. Screamous mengajak kepada para konsumen menyatukan suatu pemahaman bahwa sebagai warga negara yang baik, harus bangga akan produk lokal atau produk  dalam negeri. Marketing Public Relations Melalui Instagram Screamous dalam mempromosikan suatu produk terdiri dari Pull Strategy dalam menarik minat melalui campaign di produk atau barang Screamous dan melakukan kegiatan promosi melalui media online, dan media sosial. Push Strategy Screamous melalui spesial event, seperti kickfest, expo dalam mendorong berhasilnya pemasaran. Pass Strategy Screamous dalam menciptakan opini yang menguntungkan melalui kegiatan sponsorship seperti acara seminar, edukasi, acara musik dalam menjalin kerjasama dan membantu generasi bangsa dalam berkarya. Kata Kunci :Pemasaran, Instagram, dan Screamous ABSTRACT Nathasya Wiguna, Marketing Public Relations Through Instagram Screamous (Deskriptive analysis on Instagram @Screamous_55) Instagram media social media and along with the times, Instagram has become one of the social media that is in great demand for marketing communication purposes, with its trademark promoting visual and audio visual messages with high interactivity. Marketing Public Relations Instagram Screamous makes Instagram as a media or channel in doing business, one of them is in the fashion sector. Screamous in this case has an active role in managing and informing a product through online media. This study aims to achieve information delivery, introduce brands and products and apply pride in local products by creating favorable opinions and marketing success. In addition, it aims to find out the pull strategies in attracting consumer interest to consumers, with push strategies that encourage successful marketing and use pass strategies in providing favorable opinions. The method used in this study is qualitative with descriptive analysis approach and applying the constructivism paradigm, then the techniques used in this study are data collection techniques, passive participatory observation, in-depth interviews and document studies. This research was carried out through steps: determining the location of the study, determining the research method, determining the selection of informants, determining the source and type of data, determining the data collection techniques and processing and analyzing data. The results of this study indicate that in introducing and maintaining a local brand, in supporting the success of marketing. Screamous invites consumers to unite an understanding that as a good citizen, they must be proud of local products or domestic products. Marketing Public Relations Through Instagram Screamous in promoting a product consists of Pull Strategy in attracting interest through campaigns on Screamous products or goods and conducting promotional activities through online media, and social media. Push Strategy Screamous through special events, such as kickfest, expo in encouraging marketing success. Strategy Screamous Pass in creating favorable opinions through sponsorship activities such as seminars, education, music events in collaborating and helping the nation's generation in work.   Keywords: Marketing, Instagram, and Screamous  

scholarly journals Challenges of Pancasila Ideology in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0: Case Study of Generation Z and Millennials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sovi Dwi Febrian Silva ◽  
Moses Glorino
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Human Capital Management ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
The People ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Government

Introduction: The imbalance between technological development and ideological strengthening has resulted in the fading of the Pancasila ideological values of millennials. Technology that accompanies everyday life seems to be the main character in human life. Yet if humans themselves do not use technology wisely, technology can be a threat to both individuals and the life of the nation and state. If technology is increasingly out of control, threats to the Pancasila ideology are very likely to occur, such as in the G 30S PKI incident. Therefore, it is necessary to take action both from the government and the community as individuals to safeguard the development of technology to be used wisely. That way, we can prevent the threat to the Pancasila ideology together. Writing this article aims to analyze how the role and influence of the Pancasila ideology on the millennial generation in the 4.0 industrial revolution and to find solutions so that the values of Pancasila remain attached to the next generation of the Indonesian nation. Method: Writing This article uses a qualitative method by using literature reviews from the results of related research journals that have been published online through websites and other online media. Results: Thirteen journals and one book have met the criteria for the inclusion of a predetermined review. Research is based on the stigma of society regarding technological developments in the Industrial revolution 4.0. Therefore, the government is expected to be more severe in implementing human capital management. Conclusion: By procuring human capital management, it will be possible that Human Resources (HR) in Indonesia will be able to carry out the ideals of a golden Indonesian generation with Pancasila values inherent in the hearts of the people and the nation's future generations.

scholarly journals The problem of evil in Hinduism

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-224
Author(s):  
Zoran Kindjic
Keyword(s):  
Physical World ◽  
Problem Of Evil ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Moral Order ◽  
Educational Purpose ◽  
The World ◽  
The Problem Of Evil ◽  
The Times ◽  
Unity Of Opposites

After having pointed to the different religious concepts of the origin of evil, the author focuses on the discussion of Hinduism as a typical paradigm of monism. Since the Indian deities are actually manifestations of the eternal arch principle, they contain within themselves the unity of opposites, i.e. they have both light and dark side. Evil which affects an individual is interpreted as sinning against the universal cosmic and moral order. The doctrine that man's destiny is determined by one's deeds in the previous incarnations is almost widely accepted in India. The idea of karma at the same time provides the cosmic justice and releases God from the responsibility for evil in the world. The impersonal law of karma also has the educational purpose. The whole world derived from the brahman and under the process of evolution. Through the numerous lives and the different experiences, suffering from the consequences of one's own behavior, an individual learn from the spiritual lessons. In the times of the cosmic crises, when evil prevails in the world, Vishnu incarnates in the figure of avatar to win over evil and to restore the blocked evolution. Although evil is defeated, it still cannot be entirely uprooted from the physical world. The salvation for man is possible only after dissolving personal ego and having enlightened oneself, transcends to the sphere of dualism.

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