scholarly journals CRISPR Technology in Gene-Editing-Based Detection and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrouz Shademan ◽  
Alireza Nourazarian ◽  
Saba Hajazimian ◽  
Alireza Isazadeh ◽  
Cigir Biray Avci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Editing ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Straightforward Approach

Outbreak and rapid spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by coronavirus acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) that started in Wuhan, and has become a global problem because of the high rate of human-to-human transmission and severe respiratory infections. Because of high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, which threatens many people worldwide, rapid diagnosis and simple treatment are needed. Genome editing is a nucleic acid-based approach to altering the genome by artificially changes in genetic information and induce irreversible changes in the function of target gene. Clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas) could be a practical and straightforward approach to this disease. CRISPR/Cas system contains Cas protein, which is controlled by a small RNA molecule to create a double-stranded DNA gap. Evidence suggested that CRISPR/Cas was also usable for diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review study, we discoursed on application of CRISPR technology in detection and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Another aspect of this study was to introduce potential future problems in use of CRISPR/Cas technology.

Đánh giá nồng độ lactate và procalcitonin ở bệnh nhân Covid-19

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Xuan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

TÓM TẮT Đặt vấn đề: Bệnh COVID-19 đa dạng từ không có triệu chứng đến có các triệu chứng nhẹ cho đến viêm phổi nặng, hội chứng suy hô hấp cấp tiến triển (ARDS), nhiễm khuẩn huyết suy đa tạng và tử vong. Người cao tuổi, người có bệnh mạn tính sẽ có nguy cơ diễn biến nặng nhiều hơn. Nghiên cứu này nhằm xác định nồng độ lactate và PCT ở những bệnh nhân Covid-19 và xét mối liên quan giữa lactate và PCT trên bệnh nhân Covid-19. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 126 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán nhiễm Sars-Cov-2 bằng xét nghiệm RT PCR. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình 55,98 ± 17,1 tuổi (4 - 98 tuổi). Bệnh nhân > 60 tuổi chiếm tỉ lệ cao nhất (42,8%). Trung vị PCT: 3,6 (95%CI:3,21 - 3,75) ng/ml; trung vị lactate 1,5 (95%CI:1,21 - 1,91) mmol/L; lactate có tương quan thuận và yếu với procalcitonin với r = 0,241; p < 0,001. Nồng độ procalcitonin > 0,1 ng/ml; lactate > 2 mmol/l ở bệnh nhân Covid-19 chiếm tỷ lệ cao với 89,7% và 39,7%. Kết luận: Chỉ điểm procalcitonin, lactate tăng cao ở bệnh nhân Covid-19. ABSTRACT ASSESSMENT OF SERUM LEVEL OF LACTATE AND PROCALCITONIN IN COVID-19 PATIENTS Background: Sars-CoV-2 has been identified as the cause of acute respiratory infections in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China, and has since spread worldwide. Sars-CoV-2 is capable of aerosol transmission in enclosed, crowded, and poorly ventilated spaces. COVID-19 illness ranges from asymptomatic to mild symptoms to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, multiple organ failure, and death. This study aims to determine lactate and PCT levels in Covid-19 patients and examine the relationship between lactate and PCT in Covid-19 patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 126 patients diagnosed with Sars-Cov-2 infection by RT-PCR. Results: Mean age was 55.98 ± 17.1 years (range: 4-98 years). Patients more than 60 years old were accounted for the highest rate (42.8%). Median PCT: 3.6 (95%CI:3.21 - 3.75) ng/ml; median lactate 1.5 (95%CI:1.21 - 1,91) mmol/L; lactate has a positive and weak correlation with procalcitonin with r = 0.241; p < 0.001. Procalcitonin concentration > 0.1 ng/ml; lactate > 2 mmol/l in patients with Covid-19 accounted for a high rate with 89.7% and 39.7%. Conclusion: Serum level of procalcitonin and lactate raise highly in Covid-19 patients. Keywords: Covid-19, procalcitonin, lactate.

scholarly journals Aetiological Factors of Osteoarthritis: A Review Update

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
M. Jahidul Islam ◽  
M. Shahadat Hossain ◽  
M. Ruhul Amin ◽  
Monzur Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Type ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Lumbosacral Spine ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Wear And Tear

Osteoarthritis (OA) is no longer considered ‘degenerative’ or ‘wear and tear’ arthritis; rather involves dynamic biomechanical, biochemical and cellular process. Indeed, the joint damage that occurs in OA is the result of active remodeling involving all the joint structures. Although articular cartilage is at the center of change, OA is viewed as a disease of the entire joint. Traditionally, OA has been viewed as an inevitable degenerative condition of the cartilage. It is currently viewed as a biomechanical and biochemical inflammatory disease of the entire joints. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis. Its high prevalence, especially in the elderly, and the high rate of disability related to disease make it a leading cause of disability in the elderly. Because of the aging of Western populations and because obesity, a major risk factor, are increasing in prevalence, the occurrence of osteoarthritis is on the rise. In the United States, osteoarthritis prevalence will increase from 66–100% by the year 2020. OA affects certain joints, yet spares others. Commonly affected joints include the cervical and lumbosacral spine, hip, knee, and first metatarsal phalangeal joint (MTP). In the hands, the distal and proximal inter-phalangeal joints and the base of the thumb are often affected. Usually spared are the wrist, elbow, and ankle.Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2015;2(1):18-23DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jcamr.v2i1.22584

Vector-borne diseases in Iran: epidemiology and key challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-69
Author(s):  
Najmeh Parhizgari ◽  
Norair Piazak ◽  
Ehsan Mostafavi
Keyword(s):  
Q Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Dispersion Patterns ◽  
Monitoring And Surveillance ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Review Study

Vector-borne diseases have become a global health concern in recent decades as a result of global warming, globalization, growth in international trade and travel, use of insecticide and drug resistance. This review study addressed the key vector-borne diseases and their current status in Iran to emphasize the requirements for further research on vector-borne diseases. The dispersion patterns of these diseases differ in various regions. Some of them such as Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, and Q fever are distributed all across Iran, whereas some others such as plague, leishmaniasis, tularemia, and malaria are restricted to specific areas. The high prevalence of vectors throughout the country necessitates enhancing the monitoring and surveillance of emerging and reemerging vector-borne diseases and their potential vectors.

Health Problems Encountered by Short-Term European Volunteers in a Nongovernmental Organization in Cambodia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Barrio Cortes ◽  
Claudia Rojas Muñoz ◽  
Miguel Ángel Acosta Benito ◽  
Ángela Hidalgo Baz ◽  
Ángel Vicario Merino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Nongovernmental Organization ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Preventative Health ◽  
Health Course ◽  
Health Related

Short-term volunteers are susceptible to a wide spectrum of morbidities, mostly infectious diseases preventable with general hygiene and preventive measures. This study aimed to identify the health problems encountered by European short-term volunteers collaborating for 1 month with a nongovernmental organization (NGO) in Cambodia and to describe their characteristics. A prospective, descriptive observational study was conducted on short-term volunteers who collaborated with an NGO in Cambodia during August 2018. Informed consent and sociodemographic, clinical, and preventative health-related questionnaire data were provided by 198 volunteers. The health problems encountered were confirmed in a primary care consultation with healthcare professionals. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed. The median age of the volunteers was 22 years (interquartile range = 21–24), and 64% were women. Some (18.2%) had allergies, 8.6% had preexisting health conditions, and 10.6% were under regular treatment. A total of 77.3% visited a pretravel consultation clinic, 39.9% completed a specific pretravel health course, 21.7% took malaria prophylaxis, 92.4% received hepatitis A vaccination, and 82.3% received typhoid fever vaccination. Medical assistance was sought by 112 (57.3%) of the volunteers. The average number of health problems was 2.5 (standard deviation = 1.5), and the total number of health problems attended by the medical team was 279. The most common health problems were upper respiratory infections (12.2 per 1,000 person-days), wounds (10.8 per 1,000 person-days), and diarrhea (6.3 per 1,000 person-days). Short-term volunteers experienced a high rate of health problems during their stay in Cambodia, but most of the problems were mild and preventable and resolved quickly. Pretravel consultation and specific pretravel health training seemed to increase disease awareness.

scholarly journals Low Levels of Pyrethroid Resistance in Hybrid Offspring of a Highly Resistant and a More Susceptible Mosquito Strain

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Pinch ◽  
Stacy D Rodriguez ◽  
Soumi Mitra ◽  
Yashoda Kandel ◽  
Emily Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Human Host ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Choice Assay ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
Different Strains

Abstract The use of insecticides has been a central approach to control disease-transmitting mosquitoes for the last century. The high prevalence of pyrethroid use as public health insecticides has resulted in the evolution of pyrethroid resistance in many populations of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae), throughout its global distribution range. Insecticide resistance is often correlated with an associated fitness cost. In this project, we studied the phenotypes of hybrid mosquitoes derived from crossing a pyrethroid-resistant strain of Ae. aegypti (Puerto Rico [PR]) with a more susceptible one (Rockefeller [ROCK]). We first sequenced and compared the para gene of both original strains. We then crossed males from one strain with females of the other, creating two hybrids (Puertofeller, Rockorico). We used a Y-tube choice assay to measure the attraction of these strains towards a human host. We then compared the levels of pyrethroid resistance in the different strains. We found three known resistance mutations in the para gene sequence of the PR strain. In our attraction assays, PR females showed lower attraction to humans, than the ROCK females. Both hybrid strains showed strong attraction to a human host. In the insecticide resistance bottle assays, both hybrid strains showed marginal increases in resistance to permethrin compared to the more susceptible ROCK strain. These results suggest that hybrids of sensitive and permethrin-resistant mosquitoes have an incremental advantage compared to more susceptible mosquitoes when challenged with permethrin. This explains the rapid spread of permethrin resistance that was observed many times in the field.

scholarly journals Revisiting comorbidities in gout: a cluster analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Richette ◽  
Pierre Clerson ◽  
Laure Périssin ◽  
René-Marc Flipo ◽  
Thomas Bardin
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Almost All

ObjectivesThe reciprocal links between comorbidities and gout are complex. We used cluster analysis to attempt to identify different phenotypes on the basis of comorbidities in a large cohort of patients with gout.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional multicentre study of 2763 gout patients conducted from November 2010 to May 2011. Cluster analysis was conducted separately for variables and for observations in patients, measuring proximity between variables and identifying homogeneous subgroups of patients. Variables used in both analyses were hypertension, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, heart failure, coronary heart disease, renal failure, liver disorders and cancer.ResultsComorbidities were common in this large cohort of patients with gout. Abdominal obesity, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and dyslipidaemia increased with gout duration, even after adjustment for age and sex. Five clusters (C1–C5) were found. Cluster C1 (n=332, 12%) consisted of patients with isolated gout and few comorbidities. In C2 (n=483, 17%), all patients were obese, with a high prevalence of hypertension. C3 (n=664, 24%) had the greatest proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes (75%). In C4 (n=782, 28%), almost all patients presented with dyslipidaemia (98%). Finally, C5 (n=502, 18%) consisted of almost all patients with a history of cardiovascular disease and renal failure, with a high rate of patients receiving diuretics.ConclusionsCluster analysis of comorbidities in gout allowed us to identify five different clinical phenotypes, which may reflect different pathophysiological processes in gout.

scholarly journals Optimized RNP transfection for highly efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout in primary T cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 215 (3) ◽  
pp. 985-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Seki ◽  
Sascha Rutz
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Primary Mouse

CRISPR (clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) has become the tool of choice for generating gene knockouts across a variety of species. The ability for efficient gene editing in primary T cells not only represents a valuable research tool to study gene function but also holds great promise for T cell–based immunotherapies, such as next-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Previous attempts to apply CRIPSR/Cas9 for gene editing in primary T cells have resulted in highly variable knockout efficiency and required T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, thus largely precluding the study of genes involved in T cell activation or differentiation. Here, we describe an optimized approach for Cas9/RNP transfection of primary mouse and human T cells without TCR stimulation that results in near complete loss of target gene expression at the population level, mitigating the need for selection. We believe that this method will greatly extend the feasibly of target gene discovery and validation in primary T cells and simplify the gene editing process for next-generation immunotherapies.

203 SINGLE-STEP GENE EDITING OF 3 XENOANTIGENS IN PORCINE FIBROBLASTS USING PROGRAMMABLE NUCLEASES

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Perota ◽  
I. Lagutina ◽  
C. Quadalti ◽  
R. Duchi ◽  
P. Turini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Editing ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Single Step ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Thermo Fisher Scientific ◽  
Protective Genes ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Programmable Nucleases ◽  
Fisher Scientific

Programmable nucleases (ZFN, Tal Effector Nucleases, and CRISPR) opened a new era for mammal genome editing, in particular for the pigs used for xenotransplantation. Multiple gene editing events are required both for knockout (KO) of xenoantigens and for targeted integration of human protective genes (Perota et al. 2016 J. Genet. Genomics 43, 233–23). The objective of the present work was to edit selected pig lines to KO the enzymes coding for the most relevant xenoantigens (i.e. GGTA1, CMAH, and B4GalNT2), combining Talens and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies to magnetic beads selection (Li et al. 2013 Xenotransplantation 22, 20–31). Primary porcine adult fibroblasts were transfected using Nucleofector (V-024 program). In a single reaction 2 × 106 fibroblasts were co-transfected using 2 different sets of TALENS (4 μg/set) specific for CMAH (Conchon et al., 2013) and GGTA1 (Perota et al., 2015) genes together with B4GalNT2-specific CRISPR/Cas9 expression vector (2 μg; pX330-B4GalNT2; Estrada et al., 2015). Eight days post-transfection (DPT), Gal–/– cells were selected initially using biotin-conjugated IB4 lectin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and magnetic beads (Dynabeads M-280, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The selected cells were then plated on 150-mm Petri dishes (200 cells/dish) and cultured for 10 days. Selected colonies were expanded for PCR analysis and cryopreserved for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). All colonies were analysed by PCR for CMAH gene and their resulting products were digested with HindIII (HindIII-RFLP). Colonies that lost wild-type HindIII as a consequence of Talens effected deletion were PCR characterised for GGTA1, selecting those that had detectable Indels after gel electrophoresis and finally analysed by PCR for B4GalNT2. All PCR products were validated by sequencing for all the 3 genes of interest (TopoTA, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Selected colonies were used as nuclear donors for SCNT (Lagutina et al., 2006). Eight DPT we obtained 3.45 ×106 cells. About 6.0 × 103 Gal-negative cells (0.17%) were collected from the supernatant after magnetic beads separation. Eighteen DPT, 120 colonies were picked up and their HindIII-RFLP analyses on CMAH gene revealed that 22 colonies (18.3%) were KO for both CMAH alleles. Of these 22 colonies following electrophoretic analyses of GGTA1-PCR products, 13 colonies had detectable Indels. These 13 colonies were finally PCR analysed and sequenced for B4GalNT2 and sequenced. Final sequencing results confirmed that 2 colonies (1.6%) resulted in KO for the 3 genes. Three different zona-free SCNT experiments were done and 579 reconstructed embryos were obtained. On Day 7, 322 morulae or blastocysts (56%) were transferred in 3 synchronised sows and 2 (66%) became pregnant. In conclusion, after gene editing with programmable nucleases, combining beads-mediated selection with well-designed molecular analyses, we developed a multistep assay that can be used efficiently to detect desired gene edited events in cell colonies suitable for the SCNT. Embryos generated after SCNT were able to establish pregnancies at a high rate. This work is supported by European FP7 grants Translink (n° 603049) and Xenoislet (n° 601827).

scholarly journals Meteorological Conditions Conducive to the Rapid Spread of the Deadly Wildfire in Eastern Attica, Greece

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 2137-2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lagouvardos ◽  
V. Kotroni ◽  
T. M. Giannaros ◽  
S. Dafis
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Westerly Flow ◽  
Downslope Flow ◽  
Extreme Fire

AbstractOn 23 July 2018, Attica, Greece, was impacted by a major wildfire that took place in a wildland–urban interface area and exhibited extreme fire behavior, characterized by a very high rate of spread. One-hundred civilian fatalities were registered, establishing this wildfire as the second-deadliest weather-related natural disaster in Greece, following the heat wave of July 1987. On the day of the deadly wildfire, a very strong westerly flow was blowing for more than 10 h over Attica. Wind gusts up to 30–34 m s−1 occurred over the mountainous areas of Attica, with 20–25 m s−1 in the city of Athens and surrounding suburban areas. This strong westerly flow interacted with the local topography and acted as downslope flow over the eastern part of Attica, with temperatures rising up to 39°C and relative humidity dropping to 19% prior to the onset of the wildfire. These weather elements are widely acknowledged as the major contributing factors to extreme fire behavior. WRF-SFIRE correctly predicted the spatiotemporal distribution of the fire spread and demonstrated its utility for fire spread warning purposes.

The Role of MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Naeli ◽  
Fatemeh Yousefi ◽  
Younes Ghasemi ◽  
Amir Savardashtaki ◽  
Hamed Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Egfr Signaling Pathway ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Pathway Regulation ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarkers

: Lung cancer is the first cause of cancer death in the world due to its high prevalence, aggressiveness, late diagnosis, lack of effective treatment and poor prognosis. It also shows high rate of recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance. All these problems highlight the urgent needs for developing new strategies using noninvasive biomarkers for early detection, metastasis and recurrence of disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. These molecules found to be abnormally expressed in increasing number of human disease conditions including cancer. miRNAs could be detected in body fluids such as blood, serum, urine and sputum, which leads us towards the idea of using them as non-invasive biomarker for cancer detection and monitoring cancer treatment and recurrence. miRNAs are found to be deregulated in lung cancer initiation and progression and could regulate lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion. In this review, we summarized recent progress and discoveries in microRNAs regulatory role in lung cancer initiation and progression. In addition, the role of microRNAs in EGFR signaling pathway regulation is discussed briefly.

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