scholarly journals Performance of Co-Housed Neon Tetras (Paracheirodon innesi) and Glowlight Rasboras (Trigonostigma hengeli) Fed Commercial Flakes and Lyophilized Natural Food

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3520
Author(s):  
Robert Kasprzak ◽  
Anna Beata Grzeszkiewicz ◽  
Aleksandra Górecka
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Fish Nutrition ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Feeding Groups ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Liver Degeneration

Little to no research has been conducted thus far regarding aquarium fish nutrition. In order to ensure the welfare of house-kept ornamentals, such studies should take into account that there are distinct biological differences occurring between different fish species/taxa, especially in regard to the structure of their digestive organs. Accordingly, a 12-week trial was executed to assess the effects of two commercial flakes and a mix of lyophilized natural food on the condition of co-reared neon tetras, Paracheirodon innesi (Characidae), and glowlight rasboras, Trigonostigma hengeli (Danionidae). The four feeding groups were as follows: (T)—Tetra flakes; (O)—Omega flakes; (TO)—Tetra + Omega; (TOL)—Tetra + Omega + Lyophilizate (twice a week). There were no differences in final body weight (FBW) between the feeding groups of either species, but in the case of neon tetras, FBW increased significantly from the initial value only for the T group. However, histological observations and measurements of digestive organs (livers, intestines) showed pronounced differences between the two species. The supplementation with natural food in group TOL caused lipoid hepatic degeneration only in the rasboras. The healthiest histological structure of livers and longest intestinal folds were found in group T of the tetras and group TO of the rasboras. Whole-mount staining for bone and cartilage did not reveal any significant deformities or differences in terms of bone mineralization. In conclusion, it was outlined that concurrent feeding of co-housed, anatomically diverse ornamental fish species is a highly ambiguous task, because the nutritional strategy applied for a community tank may yield radically divergent effects, most of which may remain unnoticed when depending only on external body observations and measurements. Most emphatically, this was highlighted in regard to the dietary supplementation with natural food—although no significant effects were observed in neon tetras, severe lipoid liver degeneration occurred in glowlight rasboras.

Polyculture in fish farming as a method of preventing fish diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Grigory Emelyanovich Servetnik
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Fish Diseases ◽  
Host Body ◽  
Contagious Diseases

Methods of prevention of fish diseases are aimed at destroying parasites in the host body and in the fish habitat — in the reservoir (chemoprophylaxis, increasing fish resistance), at preventing parasites from entering the reservoir (limiting the import of fish, import of healthy fish, quarantine measures, etc.), as well as preventing their spread and entry into the host body. It is shown that polyculture is not only the most effective method of using the natural forage base of the reservoir and, as a result, increasing fish productivity, but also a means of preventing mass infectious and other fish diseases. To prevent mass infectious diseases of fish and death from them both in safe and unfavorable ponds of carp fish farms, it is advisable to grow other fish species together with carp that do not suffer from diseases peculiar to carp. As a result, so-called sparse species plantings of fish are created in the ponds, while the total biomass remains high. At the same time, the natural food supply of ponds is most fully used and a kind of biological buffer is created that prevents the emergence and spread of contagious diseases. Polyculture can play a particularly important role in pond farms that already have certain problems with rubella, filometroidosis, botryocephalosis, carp pox, etc. Long-term studies of breeding herds in pond farms have shown that most of them have single foci of diseases, which, if there are optimal conditions for the pathogen, are ready to immediately respond with an outbreak of the disease or are generally quarantined for a particular fish disease. When determining the objects of polyculture, it is necessary to reduce the proportion of fish species that have a significant number of common diseases.

scholarly journals INTERAKSI TROFIK KOMUNITAS IKAN DI DANAU MATANO, SULAWESI SELATAN PASCA BERKEMBANGNYA IKAN ASING INVASIF

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Dimas Angga Hedianto ◽  
Agus Arifin Sentosa
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Lake Matano ◽  
Alien Fish ◽  
Alien Fish Species

Interaksi trofik pasca masuknya ikan introduksi ataupun ikan asing invasif merupakan dasar untuk mengkaji tekanan ekologis terhadap ikan asli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis interaksi trofik komunitas ikan pasca berkembangnya jenis-jenis ikan asing invasif di Danau Matano, Sulawesi Selatan. Ikan contoh diperoleh dari hasil tangkapan jaring insang percobaan, jala lempar, dan seser pada Mei, Oktober, dan November 2015 serta Februari, Juli, dan September 2016. Analisis ekologi trofik yang dilakukan meliputi indeks bagian terbesar, tingkat trofik, luas relung dan tumpang tindih relung makanan, serta pola strategi makan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komunitas ikan yang tertangkap di Danau Matano terdiri atas 9 famili, 11 genera, dan 17 spesies. Ikan louhan mendominasi komunitas ikan di Danau Matano sebesar 53,62%. Makanan alami yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh sejumlah ikan dalam komunitas adalah insekta (Diptera), Gastropoda (Tylomelania sp.), dan larva insekta (Chironomidae). Kelompok trofik komunitas ikan di Danau Matano terdiri atas detritivora, herbivora, insektivora, zoobentivora, dan piscivora. Masuknya ikan introduksi memunculkan kelompok trofik baru (detritivora dan herbivora). Ikan introduksi cenderung memiliki luas relung makanan yang lebih bervariasi. Kompetisi terhadap makanan alami kategori moderat banyak terjadi antara ikan asli dengan louhan. Strategi pola makan ikan asli di Danau Matano cenderung bersifat spesialis, sedangkan ikan introduksi memiliki strategi pola makan yang lebih bervariasi dan oportunistik. Ikan louhan sebagai ikan introduksi dominan yang bersifat invasif mampu memanfaatkan seluruh sumber daya makanan alami yang tersedia dan menempati tingkat trofik tertinggi di Danau Matano. Tekanan ekologi terhadap ikan asli oleh ikan asing invasif di Danau Matano terjadi karena adanya kompetisi terhadap makanan alami.Trophic interactions post-develpment of non-native fish or invasive alien fish species are the basis knowledge for assessing and preventing the ecological pressure on native fish. This research aims to analyze the trophic interactions of fish community post-development of invasive alien fish species in Lake Matano, South Sulawesi. Fish samples were obtained from the catch of experimental gill nets, cast nets, and push nets in May, October, and November 2015 along with February, July, and September 2016. Trophic ecological analysis carried out included index of preponderance, trophic level, niche breadth and niche overlap of natural food, and feeding strategy. The fish community caught in Lake Matano consists of 9 families, 11 genera, and 17 species. Flowerhorn cichlid dominates the fish community in Lake Matano by 53.62%. Natural foods that are widely used by a number of fish in the community are Insecta (Diptera), Gastropods (Tylomelania sp.), and larvae of Insecta (Chironomidae). The guild trophic of fish community in Lake Matano consists of detritivores, herbivores, insectivores, zoobentivores, and piscivores. The introduction of non-native species bring up to new guilds (detritivores and herbivores). Non-native fishes tends to have a variety niche breadth. Moderate competition for natural food resources between native fish and flowerhorn cichlid is quite high. Feeding strategy of native species in Lake Matano tend to be specialist, while non-natives species have more variety and opportunistic. Flowerhorn cichlid as dominant invasive alien fish species is able to utilize all natural food resources and occupies the highest trophic level in Lake Matano. Ecological pressure on native fish by invasive alien fish species in Lake Matano occurs due to competition in obtaining natural food resources.

Plastic debris and natural food in two commercially important fish species from the coast of Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 113039
Author(s):  
César Fernández-Ojeda ◽  
Marcelo Costa Muniz ◽  
Renan Pereira Cardoso ◽  
Roberto Meigikos dos Anjos ◽  
Enrique Huaringa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Important Fish

Determining the equivalent phosphorus released by an Escherichia coli-derived phytase in broiler chicks

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Adedokun ◽  
J. S. Sands ◽  
O. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Response Variables

Seven-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in a 14-d experiment to determine the equivalency value of a new phytase using corn-soybean meal based diets. The experimental diets consisted of positive control (PC) or negative control (NC) diets which were formulated to contain 5.0 or 1.2 g kg-1 non-phytate P, respectively, with a total P of 7.7 or 3.9 g kg-1, respectively; and respective calcium levels of 10.0 or 7.6 g kg-1. The test diets were formulated by the addition of monosodium phosphate (MSP; analyzed to contain 224.0 g kg-1 P) to the NC diet to supply 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 g of P kg-1 diet, and phytase was added to the NC diet at 500 FTU or 1000 FTU kg-1 at the expense of corn starch. Each diet was randomly assigned to eight cages of four birds each. Body weight gain (BWG) showed both linear and quadratic increase (P < 0.05) with increasing level of dietary P or phytase supplementation (450 to 656 or 603 g, respectively). Feed efficiency (g BWG/g feed intake) increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increase in P or phytase supplementation and quadratic effect to increasing level of phytase (P < 0.05) supplementation (0.699 to 0.793 or 0.758 g, respectively). Percent tibia and toe ash increased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to supplemental P from MSP or phytase supplementation (37.7 and 8 to 47.9 and 10.9 or 45.2 and 10, respectively). Total intestinal tract P and N digestibility increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing P supplementation and showed increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) response to phytase. The response variables, BWG, toe and tibia ash, feed intake and final body weight were used for P equivalency calculation. By solving the equated linear regression equations for the supplemental inorganic P intake and supplemental phytase intake for each of the response variables, between 0.930 and 1.101 g of P was released by 1000 FTU of phytase. The results of this study showed that this phytase was efficacious in hydrolyzing phytate P for bone mineralization and growth of broiler chicks. Key words: Chicks, equivalency value, monosodium phosphate, phosphorus, phytase

scholarly journals Growth Performance and Health Status of Broiler Chickens Treated with Natural Kaolin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayia ElHag ◽  
Ali Abdel Motelib ◽  
Mosaad A. Soltan ◽  
Mohamed Abdel Gawad
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Bactericidal Activities

The The use of Kaolin as an inert ingredient in feed has been very common in the poultry industry. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different inclusion rates of Egyptian kaolinite in broiler chickens’ diet on growth performance, immune response, some blood serum changes, and bone development. A total of 240 unsexed one-day-old Avian 48 breed chickens were used in this experiment. The chickens were individually weighed and randomly allotted into 3 equal groups (80 chickens per each group) and each group was subdivided into 4 replicates (20 chickens per replicate), which received one of the three experimental diets (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0% kaolin for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively) during the experimental period (6 weeks). The obtained data revealed that kaolin addition at the dose of 0.5 or 1.0% in broiler chickens' diet insignificantly increased final body weight by 4.5% and 4.4%, respectively. On the other hand, it respectively decreased total feed intake by 1.0% and 1.8% and significantly improved the average feed conversion ratio and efficiency of energy utilization throughout the whole experimental period compared to the control. Moreover, kaolin addition had no adverse effect on the serum lipid profile and improved antioxidative activity through reduced nitric oxide and lipid peroxidase (malondialdehyde) concentrations or increased the activities of Glutathione peroxide, Catalase, and Superoxide dismutases in serum or liver tissues. Lysosomal and bactericidal activities were increased with kaolin addition at both levels in the broiler chickens’ diets. The present results suggested that the broiler chickens’ fed with kaolin-enriched diets improved growth, antioxidant activity, bone mineralization, and immune response.

scholarly journals Anatomical and Histological Structure of Black Pomfret Fish Kidney (Formio niger)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Nurul Safitri Apriliani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
The Many ◽  
Fish Kidney ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Paraffin Method ◽  
Fast Growth Rate

Black pomfret is one of the many fish species found in the southern sea. Pomfret has high economic value and is an active swimmer that has fast growth rate, resistant to disease, and easy to maintain. The purpose of this research was to know the structure of anatomy and histology of black pomfret’s kidney. Histological slides were made using paraffin method and stain with Hematoxylin-Eosin. The results showed that kidney of black pomfret have a soft texture, and the colour is red degradation brown. Histologically, the kidney is found a glomerolous, tubules and lymphoid tissues.

Muscle and hepatic fatty acid profiles and α-tocopherol status in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) given diets varying in oxidative state and vitamin E inclusion level

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. M. Baker ◽  
S. J. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Eicosatetraenoic Acid ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Fish Nutrition ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Final Body Weight

AbstractOn termination of a 56-day feeding trial, the effect of dietary oxidized oil and all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate on fatty acid and α-tocopherol status of juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinusj muscle and liver was investigated. Clarias of mean initial weight 15·8 (s.e. 0·29) g were given food at -proportionately 0·03 body weight per day on diets of two oxidative states (fresh or oxidized) at two levels of supplemental α-tocopheryl acetate (20 or 100 mg/kg dry matter).As well as having a significant detrimental effect on final body weight (P < 0·001), oxidation of the dietary lipid source was responsible for decreasing muscle but not hepatic polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUTAs). Liver tissue was suspected of actively synthesizing longer chain PUT As in response to consumption of oxidized oils, as indicated by decreases in the proportions of linoleate (18:2 n-6) and linolenate (18:3 n-3) and the increased abundance of eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4 n-6, arachidonate) and docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6 n-3, DHA). This phenomenon has not been described in fish nutrition and therefore possible mechanisms are discussed. Additionally, oxidized oils in catfish diets caused significant depletion of a-tocopherol from both muscle and liver (P < 0·05).Modulation of the effects of oxidized lipids was achieved at the higher dietary tocopherol concentration. Appearance of an unknown aliphatic compound (equivalent chain length (ECL) = 13·1), believed to be a product of lipid peroxidation, demonstrated that catfish given rancid/low-tocopherol diets had been subjected to heightened oxidative nutritional stress. Values obtained for this peak were significantly correlated with dietary regime (P < 0·02), Once more, dietary α-tocopheryl acetate moderated this effect. It was concluded that elevated inclusion of all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate into diets for African catfish could abrogate the effects of oxidized dietary lipids on muscle and liver fatty acids and α-tocopherol.

scholarly journals Influence of a Feed Additive in the Carp Diet on its Exterior Parameters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Rudenko ◽  
Irina Tkacheva ◽  
Vyacheslav Karatunov ◽  
Arthur Tazayan
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Fish Nutrition ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Farmed Fish

During fish farming, significant attention should be paid not only to the quantity, but also to the quality of marketable carp, primarily its physiological condition and high adaptive plasticity. Recently, increasing importance is attached to fish farming by industrial methods using various types of feed. A characteristic feature is the almost complete absence of natural food organisms. Significant success has been achieved in the creation of various starter compound feeds that can replace live feed when the larvae switch to exogenous nutrition [1]. During the development of artificial rations, attention was paid to the balance of basic structural elements of nutrition and, to a lesser extent, to various biologically active substances. For the majority of farmed fish, the need for protein and essential amino acids, fat and certain fatty acids, carbon and minerals has been established, on the basis of which, starter and production feeds, as well as various vitamin and mineral premixes, were developed [2]. However, natural food contains a wider range of biologically active components that are the regulators of many metabolic processes of body. Therefore, live food in fish nutrition, even in small proportion, can supplement the energy components of artificial feed and thereby significantly increase the balance of the diet [3]. Keywords: aquaculture, probiotic, exterior, aquatic organisms, bacteria, fatness ratio, diet

scholarly journals The proximate composition of three marine pelagic fish: blue whiting ( Micromesistius poutassou ), boarfish ( Capros aper ) and Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus )

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Ross ◽  
C. Stanton ◽  
J. Whooley ◽  
S. Culloty ◽  
D. Mannion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Fish Nutrition ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Blue Whiting

This study presents data from an in-depth proximate compositional analysis of three marine fish species: blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), boarfish (Capros aper) and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). These fish contained significant amounts of protein (16–17%), lipids (4–11%) and minerals (2–6% ash). The proteins, particularly from boarfish, had close to optimum amino acid profiles for human and fish nutrition. They compared favourably with other fish species in terms of total lipids and relative concentration of the omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (11.8–13.3% and 5.9–8.1% in triacylglycerols [TG] and 24.6–35.4% and 5.8–12.0% in phospholipids [PL]). Atlantic herring had the highest lipid content among the three fish and was found to contain high levels of PL poly-unsaturated fatty acids, including omega-3 fatty acids. Minerals detected in the fish included calcium (272–1,520 mg/100 g), phosphorus (363–789 mg/100 g), iron (1.07–2.83 mg/100 g), magnesium (40.70–62.10 mg/100 g), potassium (112.00–267.00 mg/100 g), selenium (0.04–0.06 mg/100 g), sodium (218.00–282.00 mg/100 g) and zinc (1.29–5.57 mg/100 g). Boarfish had the highest ash fraction and also the highest levels of all the minerals, except potassium. Atlantic herring had considerably lower mineral content compared with the other two species and, levels detected were also lower than those reported in previously published studies. Heavy metals contents were quantified, and levels were significantly below the maximum allowable limits for all elements except arsenic, which ranged from 1.34 to 2.44 mg/kg in the three fish species. Data outlined here will be useful for guiding product development. Future studies would benefit from considering catch season, sex and developmental stage of the fish.

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