scholarly journals Late-Maturity Alpha-Amylase in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Its Impact on Fresh White Sauce Qualities

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Galex K. S. Neoh ◽  
Mark J. Dieters ◽  
Keyu Tao ◽  
Glen P. Fox ◽  
Phuong T. M. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Filling ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Product Usage ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Pasting Characteristics ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
New Applications ◽  
White Sauce

When wheat experiences a cold-temperature ‘shock’ during the late stage of grain filling, it triggers the abnormal synthesis of late-maturity α-amylase (LMA). This increases the enzyme content in affected grain, which can lead to a drastic reduction in falling number (FN). By commercial standards, a low FN is taken as an indication of inferior quality, deemed unsuitable for end-product usage. Hence, LMA-affected grains are either rejected or downgraded to feed grade at the grain receiving point. However, previous studies have found no substantial correlation between low FN-LMA and bread quality. The present study extends previous investigations to semi-solid food, evaluating the physical quality of fresh white sauce processed from LMA-affected flour. Results show that high-LMA flours had low FNs and exhibited poor pasting characteristics. However, gelation occurred in the presence of other components during fresh white sauce processing. This demonstrates that LMA-affected flours may have new applications in low-viscosity products.

scholarly journals Starch Granule Size Distribution and Pasting Characteristic Response to Post-Anthesis Combined Stress of Waterlogging and Shading

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Huawei Li ◽  
Zongshuai Wang ◽  
Qicui Zhuo ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Fahong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Pasting Characteristics

The combined stress of waterlogging and shading (WS) caused by continuous rain threatens the production of high-quality weak gluten wheat in China (Triticum aestivum L.). To evaluate its influences on wheat quality formation, Yangmai 158 was chosen to be subjected to WS at 0–7 days after anthesis (DAA, WS0–7), 8–15 DAA (WS8–15), 16–23 DAA (WS16–23), and 24–31 DAA (WS24–31), respectively, with non-stressed plants as control (Non-WS). Compared with Non-WS, WS reduced the amylopectin content and enhanced amylose content in the mature grains. WS enhanced the number and surface but reduced the size of the starch granules. The number, volume, and surface area percentages of B-type starch granules were enhanced, and the number and volume percentages of A-type starch granules were reduced by WS. The peak viscosity and gelatinization temperature were enhanced and the low viscosity and final viscosity were decreased by WS. WS applied at the mid-grain-filling stage (WS8–15 and WS16–23) had greater modification on the starch content, granule size distribution and pasting characteristics than that applied at early (WS0–7) or late (WS24–31). The changes of starch pasting characteristics under WS had a significant correlation with the amylase and amylopectin content, amylase/amylopectin, and the ratio of the volume percent of B-type and A-type starch granules.

THINCASTTM; Providing Strong, Lightweight Castings for Automobiles and Other Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 294-301
Author(s):  
Alois Franke ◽  
John L. Jorstad
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Traditional Process ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Die Castings ◽  
New Applications

Aluminium Rheinfelden has improved the competitiveness of semi solid processing by developing a casting process & alloy combination that is capable of ultra thin, ultra light parts having attractive engineering properties without need for full heat treatment. The THINCASTTM rheocasting process, together with Rheinfeldens Magsimal-59 alloy has been demonstrated capable of producing moderate sized castings with only 1-2 mm wall sections, thus providing a 30-50% reduction in traditional-process part weight. THINCASTTM can be adapted to a variety of die casting machines and will enable competitively improving the quality of conventional high pressure die castings as well as creating entirely new applications.

scholarly journals The Sensory Quality and the Textural Properties of Functional Oolong Tea-Infused Set Type Yoghurt with Inulin

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Świąder ◽  
Anna Florowska ◽  
Zuzanna Konisiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Oolong Tea ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Positive Effect

Set type yoghurts are characterised by a semi-solid texture, which is created during the fermentation process. The tea infusion in this type of yoghurt production can influence the quality of the final product. Therefore, the aim of the experiment was to evaluate the influence of the addition of 3, 6 and 9% inulin to oolong tea-infused yoghurts on the sensory quality. It has been evaluated by trained experts using a Quantitative Descriptive Profile analysis and by consumers using hedonic scaling, as well as on instrumentally evaluated features such as texture, stability and visual parameters. The addition of oolong tea to yoghurt resulted in positive changes in the perception of sweet, peach and nectar odours and flavours, and also creaminess, as well as negative changes in the presence of a bitter taste, the whey presence and a colour intensification towards dark cream (p ≤ 0.05). The addition of inulin to the tested oolong tea yogurts caused a decrease in the whey presence and brightened the yoghurt’s colour (6% and 9%, p ≤ 0.05, respectively), as well as an improved creaminess and an increase in the sweet taste of the yoghurt. It was also observed that the addition of oolong tea deteriorated the instrumentally evaluated texture of the set yoghurts, while inulin at a higher concentration (9%, p ≤ 0.05) increased the firmness and adhesiveness. Moreover, the addition of inulin also had a positive effect on the yoghurt’s stability. The addition of inulin to oolong tea-infused set yoghurts may be valuable both as a source of prebiotic fibre in functional products and as a factor improving the quality of these products.

Effect of Temperature during Grain Filling Stage on Endosperm Structure and Apperance Quality of Aromatic Rice

2012 ◽  
Vol 460 ◽  
pp. 286-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Jiang Xu ◽  
Li Zhong Xiao ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Yong Hao Ren ◽  
Zhi Lin Li
Keyword(s):  
Grain Filling ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Appearance Quality ◽  
Endosperm Structure ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Based on the experiment of two inbred aromatic rice varieties and one hybrid aromatic rice line treated under four different temperatures( daymean temperature 21°C, 23°C, 26°C and 30°C respectively) during grain filling stage in phytotrons, the shape and arrangement of endosperm starch granules in rice grain transection were observed by scanning electron microscope and the related characteristics of rice grain qualities of chalky percent and chalkiness were analyzed at the same time. The results showed that under the lower temperature( daymean temperature21°C and 23°C), many large compound starch granules with clear angulars packed together regularly without significant natural gaps bewteen starch granules in the tansectional endosperm. However, with the increase of temperature, starch granules in the transectional endosperm were changed from regularly shaped and closely and orderly arranged to various shaped and chaoticly arranged with obvious natural gaps between starch granules, which was closely consistent with the poorer appearance quality under the higher temperature, which indicated that the endosperm structure is closely related with appearance quality of aromatic rice.

Synthesis of Low Viscosity Polydimethylsiloxane Using Low Grade of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane

2021 ◽  
Vol 1028 ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Diba G Auliya ◽  
Soni Setiadji ◽  
Zulfi Mofa Agasa ◽  
Fitrilawati ◽  
Norman Syakir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Polymerization Method

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been widely used as a vitreous humour substitution in vitreoretinal surgery. Due to its limited availability and increasing domestic needs, the price of PDMS in Indonesia became very expensive. Previously, we reported the synthesized of PDMS from a high grade of monomer of 98% of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and found that all PDMS samples produced high quality samples similar to that of commercial one. However, by considering the ease of obtaining raw materials and also the production costs, the synthesis of PDMS using monomer which easy to be found in Indonesia and low production costs is needed to be developed. Here, we reported the synthesis of PDMS using low grade of 96% of D4 in order to produce high quality of PDMS with low viscosity that can be used for vitreous humous substitution in vitreoretinal surgery. PDMS samples with low viscosity value of 0.94-1.35 Pa.s have been successfully synthesized from low grade of D4 and MM using ring-opening polymerization method. The yields of PDMS resulted in this research were in the range between 67.27% and 76.26%. From FTIR spectroscopy, it is found that all synthesized samples have structure and functional groups similar to PDMS using high grade of monomer of 98% Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4). From refractometer and surfgauge measurements, all samples have refractive index in the range of 1,4034-1,4040 and the value surface tension was 21 m.N/m.

scholarly journals Effect of T6 Heat Treatment Parameters on Technological Quality of the AlSi7Mg Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pezda ◽  
A. Jarco
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dispersion Hardening ◽  
Recycling Potential ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Casting Design

Abstract Very well-known advantages of aluminum alloys, such as low mass, good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, machining-ability, high recycling potential and low cost are considered as a driving force for their development, i.e. implementation in new applications as early as in stage of structural design, as well as in development of new technological solutions. Mechanical and technological properties of the castings made from the 3xx.x group of alloys depend mainly on correctly performed processes of melting and casting, design of a mould and cast element, and a possible heat treatment. The subject-matter of this paper is elaboration of a diagrams and dependencies between parameters of dispersion hardening (temperatures and times of solutioning and ageing treatments) and mechanical properties obtained after heat treatment of the 356.0 (EN AC AlSi7Mg) alloy, enabling full control of dispersion hardening process to programming and obtaining a certain technological quality of the alloy in terms of its mechanical properties after performed heat treatments. Obtained results of the investigations have enabled obtainment of a dependencies depicting effect of parameters of the solutioning and ageing treatments on the mechanical properties (Rm, A5 and KC impact strength) of the investigated alloy. Spatial diagrams elaborated on the basis of these dependencies enable us to determine tendencies of changes of the mechanical properties of the 356.0 alloy in complete analyzed range of temperature and duration of the solutioning and ageing operations.

scholarly journals Quality of screen printing in knit fabric for different mesh count on semi solid design

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheda Begum Dina ◽  
Md Zulhash Uddin ◽  
UmmulKhair Fatema
Keyword(s):  
Screen Printing ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Mesh Screen ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Screen Mesh

In semi solid design, the parameters of the quality of the printed fabric were color fastness, level of print detail, color difference, print coverage, saw-tooth effect, line sharpness etc. Actually, printed fabric quality was evaluated by these parameters. Again, print coverage, saw-tooth effect, line sharpness, etc. were examined by estimating different distances, angles etc. in printed fabric and these factors were compared with image positives. Mesh opening effect on the quality of screen printed fabric was investigated after printing the semi solid design on knit fabric using different mesh count screens and different types of the link. To print semi solid design on knit fabric different types of ink as well as non-identical mesh count was used. Then mesh screen out come on the design and form of printed fabric in screen printing was examined. For the evaluation of semi solid design effect there remains two different methods.The first one is visual assessment and another way is microscope observation. Here, to determine the probability of the amount of ink flowing by the screen, mesh opening area of every screen was considered and it was done from respective digital microscope images.

scholarly journals Aquatic macroinvertebrates in Uruguayan rice agroecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Bao ◽  
Sebastián Martínez ◽  
Mónica Cadenazzi ◽  
Mónica Urrutia ◽  
Lucía Seijas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Aquatic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

This work is a first approach to the knowledge of insects and other aquatic macroinvertebrates of rice agroecosystems from eastern Uruguay. The composition of the groups collected may represent an approximation to the knowledge of the quality of water sources associated with Uruguayan rice production. Sampling of aquatic macroinvertebrates was carried out during the grain-filling stage in crops without insecticide use, in three localities of Treinta y Tres Department. In each crop, macroinvertebrates were collected with a Surber-type network at the inlet and outlet of water to and from the paddy field and a neighbouring control area. Differences in morphospecies composition were found according to the location and source of water. Insecta was the most represented class in macroinvertebrate samplings (41.5%). Diptera (59.9%), Hemiptera (16.3%) and Ephemeroptera (14.0%) were the most abundant orders within insects. The Richness and Shannon Diversity Indices were higher than those recorded for similar studies in Costa Rica, Italy and Australia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document